Firewall on Demand

1.1.2 RELEASE

Updates and enhancements. Check documentation for updating from previous versions

	- Rest Api

===========

	-south migration to include database changes if you are at

	-Increased the size of Console and Add Rule buttons. Made Add Rule button

	- User/username length monkey patching now works with admin forms as well

	- Fixed bug with csrf cookie not being set while logged in for the first time

===========

Changes:

# Sphinx build info version 1

# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.

config: 2ba9e6f9e1c0e16069f01cae0578101a

tags: fbb0d17656682115ca4d033fb2f83ba1

.. fod documentation master file, created by

   sphinx-quickstart on Wed Oct 16 17:20:20 2013.

   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least

   contain the root `toctree` directive.

******************

Firewall on Demand

******************

Description

===========

Firewall on Demand applies, via Netconf, flow rules to a network device. These rules are then propagated via e-bgp to peering routers. Each user is authenticated against shibboleth. Authorization is performed via a combination of a Shibboleth attribute and the peer network address range that the user originates from.

FoD is meant to operate over this architecture::

          +-----------+          +------------+        +------------+

          |   FoD     | NETCONF  | flowspec   | ebgp   |   router   |

          | web app   +----------> device     +-------->            |

          +-----------+          +------+-----+        +------------+

                                        | ebgp

                                        |

                                 +------v-----+

                                 |   router   |

                                 |            |

                                 +------------+

NETCONF is chosen as the mgmt protocol to apply rules to a single flowspec capable device. Rules are then propagated via igbp to all flowspec capable routers. Of course FoD could apply rules directly (via NETCONF always) to a router and then ibgp would do the rest.

In GRNET's case the flowspec capable device is an EX4200.

.. attention::

	Make sure your FoD server has ssh access to your flowspec device.

.. attention::

   Installation instructions assume a clean Debian Wheezy with Django 1.4

Contact

=======

You can find more about FoD or raise your issues at `GRNET FoD repository <https://code.grnet.gr/projects/flowspy>`_.

You can contact us directly at leopoul{at}noc[dot]grnet(.)gr

Install

=======

.. toctree::

   :maxdepth: 2

   install

************

Installation

************

.. toctree::

    :maxdepth: 2

Debian Wheezy (x64) - Django 1.4.x

==================================

This guide assumes that installation is carried out in /srv/flowspy directory. If other directory is to be used, please change the corresponding configuration files. It is also assumed that the root user will perform every action.

Upgrading from v<1.1.x

----------------------

.. note::

    If PEER\_\*\_TABLE tables are set to FALSE in settings.py, you need to perform the south migrations per application:: 

        ./manage.py migrate longerusername

        ./manage.py migrate flowspec

        ./manage.py migrate accounts

If upgrading from flowspy version <1.1.x pay attention to settings.py changes. Also, do not forget to run if PEER\_\*\_TABLE tables are set to TRUE in settings.py::

    ./manage.py migrate 

to catch-up with latest database changes. 

Upgrading from v<1.0.x

----------------------

If upgrading from flowspy version <1.0.x pay attention to settings.py changes. Also, do not forget to run::

    ./manage.py migrate

to catch-up with latest database changes.

Required system packages

------------------------

Update and install the required packages::

    apt-get update

    apt-get upgrade

    apt-get install mysql-server apache2 memcached libapache2-mod-proxy-html gunicorn beanstalkd python-django python-django-south python-django-tinymce tinymce python-mysqldb python-yaml python-memcache python-django-registration python-ipaddr python-lxml mysql-client git python-django-celery python-paramiko python-gevent vim

.. note::

    Set username and password for mysql if used

.. note::

    If you wish to deploy an outgoing mail server, now it is time to do it. Otherwise you could set FoD to send out mails via a third party account

Create a database

-----------------

If you are using mysql, you should create a database::

    mysql -u root -p -e 'create database fod'

Required application packages

-----------------------------

Get the required packages and their dependencies and install them::

    apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt-dev gcc python-dev

- ncclient: NETCONF python client::

    cd ~

    git clone https://github.com/leopoul/ncclient.git

    cd ncclient

    python setup.py install

- nxpy: Python Objects from/to XML proxy::

    cd ~

    git clone https://code.grnet.gr/git/nxpy

    cd nxpy

    python setup.py install

- flowspy: core application. Installation is done at /srv/flowspy::

    cd /srv

    git clone https://code.grnet.gr/git/flowspy

    cd flowspy

Application configuration

=========================

Copy settings.py.dist to settings.py::

    cd flowspy

    cp settings.py.dist settings.py

Edit settings.py file and set the following according to your configuration::

    ADMINS: set your admin name and email (assuming that your server can send notifications)

    DATABASES (to point to your local database). You could use views instead of tables for models: peer, peercontacts, peernetworks. For this to work we suggest MySQL with MyISAM db engine

    SECRET_KEY : Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody

    STATIC_ROOT: /srv/flowspy/static (or your installation directory)

    STATIC_URL (static media directory) . If you have followed the above this should be: /srv/flowspy/static

    TEMPLATE_DIRS : If you have followed the above this should be: /srv/flowspy/templates

    CACHE_BACKEND:  Enable Memcached for production or leave to DummyCache for development environments

    Alternatively you could go for redis with the corresponding Django client lib.

    NETCONF_DEVICE (tested with Juniper EX4200 but any BGP enabled Juniper should work). This is the flowspec capable device

    NETCONF_USER (enable ssh and netconf on device)

    NETCONF_PASS

    If beanstalk is selected the following should be left intact.

    BROKER_HOST (beanstalk host)

    BROKER_PORT (beanstalk port)

    SERVER_EMAIL

    EMAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX

    If beanstalk is selected the following should be left intact.

    BROKER_URL (beanstalk url)

    SHIB_AUTH_ENTITLEMENT (if you go for Shibboleth authentication)

    NOTIFY_ADMIN_MAILS (bcc mail addresses)

    PROTECTED_SUBNETS (subnets for which source or destination address will prevent rule creation and notify the NOTIFY_ADMIN_MAILS)

    The whois client is meant to be used in case you have inserted peers with their ASes in the peers table and wish to get network info for each one in an automated manner.

    PRIMARY_WHOIS

    ALTERNATE_WHOIS

    If you wish to deploy FoD with Shibboleth change the following attributes according to your setup:

    SHIB_AUTH_ENTITLEMENT = 'urn:mace'

    SHIB_ADMIN_DOMAIN = 'example.com'

    SHIB_LOGOUT_URL = 'https://example.com/Shibboleth.sso/Logout'

    SHIB_USERNAME = ['HTTP_EPPN']

    SHIB_MAIL = ['mail', 'HTTP_MAIL', 'HTTP_SHIB_INETORGPERSON_MAIL']

    SHIB_FIRSTNAME = ['HTTP_SHIB_INETORGPERSON_GIVENNAME']

    SHIB_LASTNAME = ['HTTP_SHIB_PERSON_SURNAME']

    SHIB_ENTITLEMENT = ['HTTP_SHIB_EP_ENTITLEMENT']

If you have not installed an outgoing mail server you can always use your own account (either corporate or gmail, hotmail ,etc) by adding the following lines in settings.py::

    EMAIL_USE_TLS = True #(or False)

    EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.example.com'

    EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'username'

    EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'yourpassword'

    EMAIL_PORT = 587 #(outgoing)

It is strongly advised that you do not change the following to False values unless, you want to integrate FoD with you CRM or members database. This implies that you are able/have the rights to create database views between the two databases::

    PEER_MANAGED_TABLE = True

    PEER_RANGE_MANAGED_TABLE = True

    PEER_TECHC_MANAGED_TABLE = True   

By doing that the corresponding tables as defined in peers/models will not be created. As noted above, you have to create the views that the tables will rely on. 

.. note::

    Soon we will release a version with django-registration as a means to add users and Shibboleth will become an alternative

Let's move on with some copies and dir creations::

    mkdir /var/log/fod

    chown www-data.www-data /var/log/fod

    cp urls.py.dist urls.py

    cd ..

.. note::

    LOG_FILE_LOCATION in settings.py is set to **/var/log/fod**. Adjust the chown command above to your selected dir.

System configuration

====================

Apache operates as a gunicorn Proxy with WSGI and Shibboleth modules enabled.

Depending on the setup the apache configuration may vary::

    a2enmod rewrite

    a2enmod proxy

    a2enmod ssl

    a2enmod proxy_http

If shibboleth is to be used::

    apt-get install libapache2-mod-shib2

    a2enmod shib2

Now it is time to configure beanstalk, gunicorn, celery and apache.

beanstalkd

----------

Enable beanstalk by editting /etc/default/beanstalkd::

    vim /etc/default/beanstalkd

Uncomment the line **START=yes** to enable beanstalk

Start beanstalkd::

    service beanstalkd start

gunicorn.d

----------

Create and edit /etc/gunicorn.d/fod::

    vim /etc/gunicorn.d/fod

FoD is served via gunicorn and is then proxied by Apache. If the above directory conventions have been followed so far, then your configuration should be::

    CONFIG = {

          'mode': 'django',

          'working_dir': '/srv/flowspy',

          'args': (

               '--bind=127.0.0.1:8081',

               '--workers=1',

               '--worker-class=egg:gunicorn#gevent',

               '--timeout=30',

               '--debug',

               '--log-level=debug',

               '--log-file=/var/log/gunicorn/fod.log',

          ),

    }

celeryd

-------

Celery is used over beanstalkd to apply firewall rules in a serial manner so that locks are avoided on the flowspec capable device. In our setup celery runs via django. That is why the python-django-celery package was installed.

Create the celeryd daemon at /etc/init.d/celeryd **if it does not already exist**::

    vim /etc/init.d/celeryd

The configuration should be::

    #!/bin/sh -e

    # ============================================

    #  celeryd - Starts the Celery worker daemon.

    # ============================================

    #

    # :Usage: /etc/init.d/celeryd {start|stop|force-reload|restart|try-restart|status}

    # :Configuration file: /etc/default/celeryd

    #

    # See http://docs.celeryq.org/en/latest/cookbook/daemonizing.html#init-script-celeryd

    ### BEGIN INIT INFO

    # Provides:              celeryd

    # Required-Start:     $network $local_fs $remote_fs

    # Required-Stop:       $network $local_fs $remote_fs

    # Default-Start:       2 3 4 5

    # Default-Stop:        0 1 6

    # Short-Description: celery task worker daemon

    # Description:          Starts the Celery worker daemon for a single project.

    ### END INIT INFO

    #set -e

    DEFAULT_PID_FILE="/var/run/celery/%n.pid"

    DEFAULT_LOG_FILE="/var/log/celery/%n.log"

    DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL="INFO"

    DEFAULT_NODES="celery"

    DEFAULT_CELERYD="-m celery.bin.celeryd_detach"

    ENABLED="false"

    [ -r "$CELERY_DEFAULTS" ] && . "$CELERY_DEFAULTS"

    [ -r /etc/default/celeryd ] && . /etc/default/celeryd

    if [ "$ENABLED" != "true" ]; then

          echo "celery daemon disabled - see /etc/default/celeryd."

          exit 0

    fi

    CELERYD_PID_FILE=${CELERYD_PID_FILE:-${CELERYD_PIDFILE:-$DEFAULT_PID_FILE}}

    CELERYD_LOG_FILE=${CELERYD_LOG_FILE:-${CELERYD_LOGFILE:-$DEFAULT_LOG_FILE}}

    CELERYD_LOG_LEVEL=${CELERYD_LOG_LEVEL:-${CELERYD_LOGLEVEL:-$DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL}}

    CELERYD_MULTI=${CELERYD_MULTI:-"celeryd-multi"}

    CELERYD=${CELERYD:-$DEFAULT_CELERYD}

    CELERYCTL=${CELERYCTL:="celeryctl"}

    CELERYD_NODES=${CELERYD_NODES:-$DEFAULT_NODES}

    export CELERY_LOADER

    if [ -n "$2" ]; then

          CELERYD_OPTS="$CELERYD_OPTS $2"

    fi

    CELERYD_LOG_DIR=`dirname $CELERYD_LOG_FILE`

    CELERYD_PID_DIR=`dirname $CELERYD_PID_FILE`

    if [ ! -d "$CELERYD_LOG_DIR" ]; then

          mkdir -p $CELERYD_LOG_DIR

    fi

    if [ ! -d "$CELERYD_PID_DIR" ]; then

          mkdir -p $CELERYD_PID_DIR

    fi

    # Extra start-stop-daemon options, like user/group.

    if [ -n "$CELERYD_USER" ]; then

          DAEMON_OPTS="$DAEMON_OPTS --uid=$CELERYD_USER"

          chown "$CELERYD_USER" $CELERYD_LOG_DIR $CELERYD_PID_DIR

    fi

    if [ -n "$CELERYD_GROUP" ]; then

          DAEMON_OPTS="$DAEMON_OPTS --gid=$CELERYD_GROUP"

          chgrp "$CELERYD_GROUP" $CELERYD_LOG_DIR $CELERYD_PID_DIR

    fi

    if [ -n "$CELERYD_CHDIR" ]; then

          DAEMON_OPTS="$DAEMON_OPTS --workdir=\"$CELERYD_CHDIR\""

    fi

    check_dev_null() {

          if [ ! -c /dev/null ]; then

               echo "/dev/null is not a character device!"

               exit 1

          fi

    }

    export PATH="${PATH:+$PATH:}/usr/sbin:/sbin"

    stop_workers () {

          $CELERYD_MULTI stop $CELERYD_NODES --pidfile="$CELERYD_PID_FILE"

    }

    start_workers () {

          $CELERYD_MULTI start $CELERYD_NODES $DAEMON_OPTS           \

                                        --pidfile="$CELERYD_PID_FILE"        \

                                        --logfile="$CELERYD_LOG_FILE"        \

                                        --loglevel="$CELERYD_LOG_LEVEL"     \

                                        --cmd="$CELERYD"                           \

                                        $CELERYD_OPTS

    }

    restart_workers () {

          $CELERYD_MULTI restart $CELERYD_NODES $DAEMON_OPTS        \

                                           --pidfile="$CELERYD_PID_FILE"     \

                                           --logfile="$CELERYD_LOG_FILE"     \

                                           --loglevel="$CELERYD_LOG_LEVEL"  \

                                           --cmd="$CELERYD"                        \

                                           $CELERYD_OPTS

    }

    case "$1" in

          start)

               check_dev_null

               start_workers

          ;;

          stop)

               check_dev_null

               stop_workers

          ;;

          reload|force-reload)

               echo "Use restart"

          ;;

          status)

               $CELERYCTL status $CELERYCTL_OPTS

          ;;

          restart)

               check_dev_null

               restart_workers

          ;;

          try-restart)

               check_dev_null

               restart_workers

          ;;

          *)

               echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/celeryd {start|stop|restart|try-restart|kill}"

               exit 1

          ;;

    esac

    exit 0

celeryd configuration

---------------------

celeryd requires a /etc/default/celeryd file to be in place.

Thus we are going to create this file (/etc/default/celeryd)::

    vim /etc/default/celeryd

Again if the directory conventions have been followed the file is (pay attention to the CELERYD_USER, CELERYD_GROUP and change accordingly)  ::

    # Default: false

    ENABLED="true"

    # Name of nodes to start, here we have a single node

    CELERYD_NODES="w1"

    # or we could have three nodes:

    #CELERYD_NODES="w1 w2 w3"

    # Where to chdir at start.

    CELERYD_CHDIR="/srv/flowspy"

    # How to call "manage.py celeryd_multi"

    CELERYD_MULTI="python $CELERYD_CHDIR/manage.py celeryd_multi"

    # How to call "manage.py celeryctl"

    CELERYCTL="python $CELERYD_CHDIR/manage.py celeryctl"

    # Extra arguments to celeryd

    #CELERYD_OPTS="--time-limit=300 --concurrency=8"

    CELERYD_OPTS="-E -B --schedule=/var/run/celery/celerybeat-schedule --concurrency=1 --soft-time-limit=180 --time-limit=1800"

    # Name of the celery config module.

    CELERY_CONFIG_MODULE="celeryconfig"

    # %n will be replaced with the nodename.

    CELERYD_LOG_FILE="/var/log/celery/fod_%n.log"

    CELERYD_PID_FILE="/var/run/celery/%n.pid"

    CELERYD_USER="root"

    CELERYD_GROUP="root"

    # Name of the projects settings module.

    export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="flowspy.settings"

Apache

------

Apache proxies gunicorn. Things are more flexible here as you may follow your own configuration and conventions. Create and edit /etc/apache2/sites-available/fod. You should set <server_name> and <admin_mail> along with your certificates. If under testing environment, you can use the provided snakeoil certs. If you do not intent to use Shibboleth delete or comment the corresponding configuration parts inside **Shibboleth configuration** ::

    vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/fod

Again if the directory conventions have been followed the file should be::

    <VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

        ServerName  fod.example.com

        DocumentRoot /var/www

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/fod_error.log

        # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

        # alert, emerg.

        LogLevel debug

        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/fod_access.log combined

        Alias /static       /srv/flowspy/static

          RewriteEngine On

          RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off

          RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://fod.example.com/$1 [L,R]

    </VirtualHost>

    <VirtualHost *:443>

        ServerName    fod.example.com

        ServerAdmin     webmaster@localhost

        ServerSignature        On

        SSLEngine on

        SSLCertificateFile    /etc/ssl/certs/fod.example.com.crt

        SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/certs/example-chain.pem

        SSLCertificateKeyFile    /etc/ssl/private/fod.example.com.key

        AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

        IndexOptions        +Charset=UTF-8

        ShibConfig       /etc/shibboleth/shibboleth2.xml

        Alias          /shibboleth-sp /usr/share/shibboleth

        <Location /login>

             AuthType shibboleth

             ShibRequireSession On

             ShibUseHeaders On

             ShibRequestSetting entityID https://idp.example.com/idp/shibboleth

             require valid-user

        </Location>

        # Shibboleth debugging CGI script

        ScriptAlias /shibboleth/test /usr/lib/cgi-bin/shibtest.cgi

        <Location /shibboleth/test>

             AuthType shibboleth

             ShibRequireSession On

             ShibUseHeaders On

             require valid-user

        </Location>

        <Location /Shibboleth.sso>

             SetHandler shib

        </Location>

        # Shibboleth SP configuration

        #SetEnv                       proxy-sendchunked

              <Proxy *>

               Order allow,deny

               Allow from all

               </Proxy>

               SSLProxyEngine           off

               ProxyErrorOverride     off

          ProxyTimeout     28800

             ProxyPass        /static !

             ProxyPass          /shibboleth !

             ProxyPass        /Shibboleth.sso !

               ProxyPass           / http://localhost:8081/ retry=0

               ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8081/

          Alias /static          /srv/flowspy/static

        LogLevel warn

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/fod_error.log

          CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/fod_access.log combined

    </VirtualHost>

Now, enable your site. You might want to disable the default site if fod is the only site you host on your server::

    a2dissite default

    a2ensite fod

You are not far away from deploying FoD. When asked for a super user, create one::

    cd /srv/flowspy

    python manage.py syncdb

    python manage.py migrate longerusername

    python manage.py migrate flowspec

    python manage.py migrate djcelery

    python manage.py migrate accounts

If you have not changed the values of the PEER\_\*\_TABLE variables to False and thus you are going for a default installation (that is PEER\_\*\_TABLE variables are set to True) , then run::

    python manage.py migrate peers

If however you have set the PEER\_\*\_TABLE variables to False and by accident you have ran the command above, then you have to cleanup you database manually by dropping the peer\* tables plus the techc_email table. For MySQL the command is::

    DROP TABLE `peer`, `peer_networks`, `peer_range`, `peer_techc_emails`, techc_email;  

Restart, gunicorn and apache::

    service gunicorn restart && service apache2 restart

Propagate the flatpages

=======================

Inside the initial_data/fixtures_manual.xml file we have placed 4 flatpages (2 for Greek, 2 for English) with Information and Terms of Service about the service. 

To import the flatpages, run from root folder::

    python manage.py loaddata initial_data/fixtures_manual.xml

Testing the platform

====================

Log in to the admin interface via https:\/\/<hostname>\/admin. Go to Peer ranges and add a new range (part of/or a complete subnet), eg. 10.20.0.0/19

Go to Peers and add a new peer, eg. id: 1, name: Test, AS: 16503, tag: TEST and move the network you have created from Avalable to Chosen. From the admin front, go to User, and edit your user. From the bottom of the page, select the TEST peer and save.

Last but not least, modify as required the existing (example.com) Site instance (admin home->Sites). You are done. As you are logged-in via the admin, there is no need to go through Shibboleth at this time. Go to https:\/\/<hostname>\/ and create a new rule. Your rule should be applied on the flowspec capable device after aprox. 10 seconds. If no Shibboleth authentication is available, a https:\/\/<hostname>\/altlogin is provided.

Branding

========

Via the admin interface you can modify flatpages to suit your needs

Footer

------

Under the templates folder (templates), you can alter the footer.html file to include your own footer messages, badges, etc.

Welcome Page

------------

Under the templates folder (templates), you can alter the welcome page - welcome.html with your own images, carousel, videos, etc.

/*

 * basic.css

 * ~~~~~~~~~

 *

 * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme.

 *

 * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.

 * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.

 *

 */

/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */

div.clearer {

    clear: both;

}

/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */

div.related {

    width: 100%;

    font-size: 90%;

}

div.related h3 {

    display: none;

}

div.related ul {

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0 0 0 10px;

    list-style: none;

}

div.related li {

    display: inline;

}

div.related li.right {

    float: right;

    margin-right: 5px;

}

/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */

div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {

    padding: 10px 5px 0 10px;

}

div.sphinxsidebar {

    float: left;

    width: 230px;

    margin-left: -100%;

    font-size: 90%;

}

div.sphinxsidebar ul {

    list-style: none;

}

div.sphinxsidebar ul ul,

div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points {

    margin-left: 20px;

    list-style: square;

}

div.sphinxsidebar ul ul {

    margin-top: 0;

    margin-bottom: 0;

}

div.sphinxsidebar form {

    margin-top: 10px;

}

div.sphinxsidebar input {

    border: 1px solid #98dbcc;

    font-family: sans-serif;

    font-size: 1em;

}

div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] {

    width: 170px;

}

div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] {

    width: 30px;

}

img {

    border: 0;

}

/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */

ul.search {

    margin: 10px 0 0 20px;

    padding: 0;

}

ul.search li {

    padding: 5px 0 5px 20px;

    background-image: url(file.png);

    background-repeat: no-repeat;

    background-position: 0 7px;

}

ul.search li a {

    font-weight: bold;

}

ul.search li div.context {

    color: #888;

    margin: 2px 0 0 30px;

    text-align: left;

}

ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a {

    font-weight: bold;

}

/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */

table.contentstable {

    width: 90%;

}

table.contentstable p.biglink {

    line-height: 150%;

}

a.biglink {

    font-size: 1.3em;

}

span.linkdescr {

    font-style: italic;

    padding-top: 5px;

    font-size: 90%;

}

/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */

table.indextable {

    width: 100%;

}

table.indextable td {

    text-align: left;

    vertical-align: top;

}

table.indextable dl, table.indextable dd {

    margin-top: 0;

    margin-bottom: 0;

}

table.indextable tr.pcap {

    height: 10px;

}

table.indextable tr.cap {

    margin-top: 10px;

    background-color: #f2f2f2;

}

img.toggler {

    margin-right: 3px;

    margin-top: 3px;

    cursor: pointer;

}

div.modindex-jumpbox {

    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;

    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;

    margin: 1em 0 1em 0;

    padding: 0.4em;

}

div.genindex-jumpbox {

    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;

    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;

    margin: 1em 0 1em 0;

    padding: 0.4em;

}

/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */

a.headerlink {

    visibility: hidden;

}

h1:hover > a.headerlink,

h2:hover > a.headerlink,

h3:hover > a.headerlink,

h4:hover > a.headerlink,

h5:hover > a.headerlink,

h6:hover > a.headerlink,

dt:hover > a.headerlink {

    visibility: visible;

}

div.body p.caption {

    text-align: inherit;

}

div.body td {

    text-align: left;

}

.field-list ul {

    padding-left: 1em;

}

.first {

    margin-top: 0 !important;

}

p.rubric {

    margin-top: 30px;

    font-weight: bold;

}

img.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left {

    clear: left;

    float: left;

    margin-right: 1em;

}

img.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right {

    clear: right;

    float: right;

    margin-left: 1em;

}

img.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center {

  display: block;

  margin-left: auto;

  margin-right: auto;

}

.align-left {

    text-align: left;

}

.align-center {

    text-align: center;

}

.align-right {

    text-align: right;

}

/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */

div.sidebar {

    margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;

    border: 1px solid #ddb;

    padding: 7px 7px 0 7px;

    background-color: #ffe;

    width: 40%;

    float: right;

}

p.sidebar-title {

    font-weight: bold;

}

/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */

div.topic {

    border: 1px solid #ccc;

    padding: 7px 7px 0 7px;

    margin: 10px 0 10px 0;

}

p.topic-title {

    font-size: 1.1em;

    font-weight: bold;

    margin-top: 10px;

}

/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */

div.admonition {

    margin-top: 10px;

    margin-bottom: 10px;

    padding: 7px;

}

div.admonition dt {

    font-weight: bold;

}

div.admonition dl {

    margin-bottom: 0;

}

p.admonition-title {

    margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px;

    font-weight: bold;

}

div.body p.centered {

    text-align: center;

    margin-top: 25px;

}

/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */

table.docutils {

    border: 0;

    border-collapse: collapse;

}

table.docutils td, table.docutils th {

    padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px;

    border-top: 0;

    border-left: 0;

    border-right: 0;

    border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;

}

table.field-list td, table.field-list th {

    border: 0 !important;

}

table.footnote td, table.footnote th {

    border: 0 !important;

}

th {

    text-align: left;

    padding-right: 5px;

}

table.citation {

    border-left: solid 1px gray;

    margin-left: 1px;

}

table.citation td {

    border-bottom: none;

}

/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */

ol.arabic {

    list-style: decimal;

}

ol.loweralpha {

    list-style: lower-alpha;

}

ol.upperalpha {

    list-style: upper-alpha;

}

ol.lowerroman {

    list-style: lower-roman;

}

ol.upperroman {

    list-style: upper-roman;

}

dl {

    margin-bottom: 15px;

}

dd p {

    margin-top: 0px;

}

dd ul, dd table {

    margin-bottom: 10px;

}

dd {

    margin-top: 3px;

    margin-bottom: 10px;

    margin-left: 30px;

}

dt:target, .highlighted {

    background-color: #fbe54e;

}

dl.glossary dt {

    font-weight: bold;

    font-size: 1.1em;

}

.field-list ul {

    margin: 0;

    padding-left: 1em;

}

.field-list p {

    margin: 0;

}

.refcount {

    color: #060;

}

.optional {

    font-size: 1.3em;

}

.versionmodified {

    font-style: italic;

}

.system-message {

    background-color: #fda;

    padding: 5px;

    border: 3px solid red;

}

.footnote:target  {

    background-color: #ffa;

}

.line-block {

    display: block;

    margin-top: 1em;

    margin-bottom: 1em;

}

.line-block .line-block {

    margin-top: 0;

    margin-bottom: 0;

    margin-left: 1.5em;

}

.guilabel, .menuselection {

    font-family: sans-serif;

}

.accelerator {

    text-decoration: underline;

}

.classifier {

    font-style: oblique;

}

abbr, acronym {

    border-bottom: dotted 1px;

    cursor: help;

}

/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */

pre {

    overflow: auto;

    overflow-y: hidden;  /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */

}

td.linenos pre {

    padding: 5px 0px;

    border: 0;

    background-color: transparent;

    color: #aaa;

}

table.highlighttable {

    margin-left: 0.5em;

}

table.highlighttable td {

    padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em;

}

tt.descname {

    background-color: transparent;

    font-weight: bold;

    font-size: 1.2em;

}

tt.descclassname {

    background-color: transparent;

}

tt.xref, a tt {

    background-color: transparent;

    font-weight: bold;

}

h1 tt, h2 tt, h3 tt, h4 tt, h5 tt, h6 tt {

    background-color: transparent;

}

.viewcode-link {

    float: right;

}

.viewcode-back {

    float: right;

    font-family: sans-serif;

}

div.viewcode-block:target {

    margin: -1px -10px;

    padding: 0 10px;

}

/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */

img.math {

    vertical-align: middle;

}

div.body div.math p {

    text-align: center;

}

span.eqno {

    float: right;

}

/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */

@media print {

    div.document,

    div.documentwrapper,

    div.bodywrapper {

        margin: 0 !important;

        width: 100%;

    }

    div.sphinxsidebar,

    div.related,

    div.footer,

    #top-link {

        display: none;

    }

}

/*

 * default.css_t

 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 *

 * Sphinx stylesheet -- default theme.

 *

 * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.

 * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.

 *

 */

@import url("basic.css");

/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */

body {

    font-family: sans-serif;

    font-size: 100%;

    background-color: #11303d;

    color: #000;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;

}

div.document {

    background-color: #1c4e63;

}

div.documentwrapper {

    float: left;

    width: 100%;

}

div.bodywrapper {

    margin: 0 0 0 230px;

}

div.body {

    background-color: #ffffff;

    color: #000000;

    padding: 0 20px 30px 20px;

}

div.footer {

    color: #ffffff;

    width: 100%;

    padding: 9px 0 9px 0;

    text-align: center;

    font-size: 75%;

}

div.footer a {

    color: #ffffff;

    text-decoration: underline;

}

div.related {

    background-color: #133f52;

    line-height: 30px;

    color: #ffffff;

}

div.related a {

    color: #ffffff;

}

div.sphinxsidebar {

}

div.sphinxsidebar h3 {

    font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;

    color: #ffffff;

    font-size: 1.4em;

    font-weight: normal;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;

}

div.sphinxsidebar h3 a {

    color: #ffffff;

}

div.sphinxsidebar h4 {

    font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;

    color: #ffffff;

    font-size: 1.3em;

    font-weight: normal;

    margin: 5px 0 0 0;

    padding: 0;

}

div.sphinxsidebar p {

    color: #ffffff;

}

div.sphinxsidebar p.topless {

    margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px;

}

div.sphinxsidebar ul {

    margin: 10px;

    padding: 0;

    color: #ffffff;

}

div.sphinxsidebar a {

    color: #98dbcc;

}

div.sphinxsidebar input {

    border: 1px solid #98dbcc;

    font-family: sans-serif;

    font-size: 1em;

}

/* -- hyperlink styles ------------------------------------------------------ */

a {

    color: #355f7c;

    text-decoration: none;

}

a:visited {

    color: #355f7c;

    text-decoration: none;

}

a:hover {

    text-decoration: underline;

}

/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */

div.body h1,

div.body h2,

div.body h3,

div.body h4,

div.body h5,

div.body h6 {

    font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;

    background-color: #f2f2f2;

    font-weight: normal;

    color: #20435c;

    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;

    margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px;

    padding: 3px 0 3px 10px;

}

div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; }

div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; }

div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; }

div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; }

div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; }

div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; }

a.headerlink {

    color: #c60f0f;

    font-size: 0.8em;

    padding: 0 4px 0 4px;

    text-decoration: none;

}

a.headerlink:hover {

    background-color: #c60f0f;

    color: white;

}

div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li {

    text-align: justify;

    line-height: 130%;

}

div.admonition p.admonition-title + p {

    display: inline;

}

div.admonition p {

    margin-bottom: 5px;

}

div.admonition pre {

    margin-bottom: 5px;

}

div.admonition ul, div.admonition ol {

    margin-bottom: 5px;

}

div.note {

    background-color: #eee;

    border: 1px solid #ccc;

}

div.seealso {

    background-color: #ffc;

    border: 1px solid #ff6;

}

div.topic {

    background-color: #eee;

}

div.warning {

    background-color: #ffe4e4;