Synnefo » snf-ganeti » ganeti-local

#

#

# Copyright (C) 2008 Google Inc.

#

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or

# (at your option) any later version.

#

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but

# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

# General Public License for more details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA

# 02110-1301, USA.

"""KVM hypervisor

"""

import os

import os.path

import re

import tempfile

import time

import logging

from cStringIO import StringIO

from ganeti import utils

from ganeti import constants

from ganeti import errors

from ganeti import serializer

from ganeti import objects

from ganeti.hypervisor import hv_base

class KVMHypervisor(hv_base.BaseHypervisor):

  """KVM hypervisor interface"""

  _ROOT_DIR = constants.RUN_GANETI_DIR + "/kvm-hypervisor"

  _PIDS_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/pid" # contains live instances pids

  _CTRL_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/ctrl" # contains instances control sockets

  _CONF_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/conf" # contains instances startup data

  _DIRS = [_ROOT_DIR, _PIDS_DIR, _CTRL_DIR, _CONF_DIR]

  PARAMETERS = [

    constants.HV_KERNEL_PATH,

    constants.HV_INITRD_PATH,

    constants.HV_ROOT_PATH,

    constants.HV_KERNEL_ARGS,

    constants.HV_ACPI,

    constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE,

    constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS,

    constants.HV_VNC_TLS,

    constants.HV_VNC_X509,

    constants.HV_VNC_X509_VERIFY,

    constants.HV_CDROM_IMAGE_PATH,

    constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER,

    constants.HV_NIC_TYPE,

    constants.HV_DISK_TYPE,

    constants.HV_USB_MOUSE,

    ]

  _MIGRATION_STATUS_RE = re.compile('Migration\s+status:\s+(\w+)',

                                    re.M | re.I)

  def __init__(self):

    hv_base.BaseHypervisor.__init__(self)

    # Let's make sure the directories we need exist, even if the RUN_DIR lives

    # in a tmpfs filesystem or has been otherwise wiped out.

    dirs = [(dir, constants.RUN_DIRS_MODE) for dir in self._DIRS]

    utils.EnsureDirs(dirs)

  def _InstancePidAlive(self, instance_name):

    """Returns the instance pid and pidfile

    """

    pidfile = "%s/%s" % (self._PIDS_DIR, instance_name)

    pid = utils.ReadPidFile(pidfile)

    alive = utils.IsProcessAlive(pid)

    return (pidfile, pid, alive)

  @classmethod

  def _InstanceMonitor(cls, instance_name):

    """Returns the instance monitor socket name

    """

    return '%s/%s.monitor' % (cls._CTRL_DIR, instance_name)

  @classmethod

  def _InstanceSerial(cls, instance_name):

    """Returns the instance serial socket name

    """

    return '%s/%s.serial' % (cls._CTRL_DIR, instance_name)

  @classmethod

  def _InstanceKVMRuntime(cls, instance_name):

    """Returns the instance KVM runtime filename

    """

    return '%s/%s.runtime' % (cls._CONF_DIR, instance_name)

  def _WriteNetScript(self, instance, seq, nic):

    """Write a script to connect a net interface to the proper bridge.

    This can be used by any qemu-type hypervisor.

    @param instance: instance we're acting on

    @type instance: instance object

    @param seq: nic sequence number

    @type seq: int

    @param nic: nic we're acting on

    @type nic: nic object

    @return: netscript file name

    @rtype: string

    """

    script = StringIO()

    script.write("#!/bin/sh\n")

    script.write("# this is autogenerated by Ganeti, please do not edit\n#\n")

    script.write("export INSTANCE=%s\n" % instance.name)

    script.write("export MAC=%s\n" % nic.mac)

    script.write("export IP=%s\n" % nic.ip)

    script.write("export BRIDGE=%s\n" % nic.bridge)

    script.write("export INTERFACE=$1\n")

    # TODO: make this configurable at ./configure time

    script.write("if [ -x /etc/ganeti/kvm-vif-bridge ]; then\n")

    script.write("  # Execute the user-specific vif file\n")

    script.write("  /etc/ganeti/kvm-vif-bridge\n")

    script.write("else\n")

    script.write("  # Connect the interface to the bridge\n")

    script.write("  /sbin/ifconfig $INTERFACE 0.0.0.0 up\n")

    script.write("  /usr/sbin/brctl addif $BRIDGE $INTERFACE\n")

    script.write("fi\n\n")

    # As much as we'd like to put this in our _ROOT_DIR, that will happen to be

    # mounted noexec sometimes, so we'll have to find another place.

    (tmpfd, tmpfile_name) = tempfile.mkstemp()

    tmpfile = os.fdopen(tmpfd, 'w')

    tmpfile.write(script.getvalue())

    tmpfile.close()

    os.chmod(tmpfile_name, 0755)

    return tmpfile_name

  def ListInstances(self):

    """Get the list of running instances.

    We can do this by listing our live instances directory and

    checking whether the associated kvm process is still alive.

    """

    result = []

    for name in os.listdir(self._PIDS_DIR):

      filename = "%s/%s" % (self._PIDS_DIR, name)

      if utils.IsProcessAlive(utils.ReadPidFile(filename)):

        result.append(name)

    return result

  def GetInstanceInfo(self, instance_name):

    """Get instance properties.

    @param instance_name: the instance name

    @return: tuple (name, id, memory, vcpus, stat, times)

    """

    pidfile, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance_name)

    if not alive:

      return None

    cmdline_file = "/proc/%s/cmdline" % pid

    try:

      fh = open(cmdline_file, 'r')

      try:

        cmdline = fh.read()

      finally:

        fh.close()

    except EnvironmentError, err:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to list instance %s: %s" %

                                   (instance_name, err))

    memory = 0

    vcpus = 0

    stat = "---b-"

    times = "0"

    arg_list = cmdline.split('\x00')

    while arg_list:

      arg =  arg_list.pop(0)

      if arg == '-m':

        memory = arg_list.pop(0)

      elif arg == '-smp':

        vcpus = arg_list.pop(0)

    return (instance_name, pid, memory, vcpus, stat, times)

  def GetAllInstancesInfo(self):

    """Get properties of all instances.

    @return: list of tuples (name, id, memory, vcpus, stat, times)

    """

    data = []

    for name in os.listdir(self._PIDS_DIR):

      filename = "%s/%s" % (self._PIDS_DIR, name)

      if utils.IsProcessAlive(utils.ReadPidFile(filename)):

        try:

          info = self.GetInstanceInfo(name)

        except errors.HypervisorError, err:

          continue

        if info:

          data.append(info)

    return data

  def _GenerateKVMRuntime(self, instance, block_devices):

    """Generate KVM information to start an instance.

    """

    pidfile, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance.name)

    kvm = constants.KVM_PATH

    kvm_cmd = [kvm]

    kvm_cmd.extend(['-m', instance.beparams[constants.BE_MEMORY]])

    kvm_cmd.extend(['-smp', instance.beparams[constants.BE_VCPUS]])

    kvm_cmd.extend(['-pidfile', pidfile])

    # used just by the vnc server, if enabled

    kvm_cmd.extend(['-name', instance.name])

    kvm_cmd.extend(['-daemonize'])

    if not instance.hvparams[constants.HV_ACPI]:

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-no-acpi'])

    hvp = instance.hvparams

    boot_disk = hvp[constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER] == "disk"

    boot_cdrom = hvp[constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER] == "cdrom"

    boot_network = hvp[constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER] == "network"

    if boot_network:

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-boot', 'n'])

    disk_type = hvp[constants.HV_DISK_TYPE]

    if disk_type == constants.HT_DISK_PARAVIRTUAL:

      if_val = ',if=virtio'

    else:

      if_val = ',if=%s' % disk_type

    for cfdev, dev_path in block_devices:

      if cfdev.mode != constants.DISK_RDWR:

        raise errors.HypervisorError("Instance has read-only disks which"

                                     " are not supported by KVM")

      # TODO: handle FD_LOOP and FD_BLKTAP (?)

      if boot_disk:

        kvm_cmd.extend(['-boot', 'c'])

        boot_val = ',boot=on'

        # We only boot from the first disk

        boot_disk = False

      else:

        boot_val = ''

      drive_val = 'file=%s,format=raw%s%s' % (dev_path, if_val, boot_val)

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-drive', drive_val])

    iso_image = hvp[constants.HV_CDROM_IMAGE_PATH]

    if iso_image:

      options = ',format=raw,media=cdrom'

      if boot_cdrom:

        kvm_cmd.extend(['-boot', 'd'])

        options = '%s,boot=on' % options

      else:

        options = '%s,if=virtio' % options

      drive_val = 'file=%s%s' % (iso_image, options)

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-drive', drive_val])

    kernel_path = hvp[constants.HV_KERNEL_PATH]

    if kernel_path:

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-kernel', kernel_path])

      initrd_path = hvp[constants.HV_INITRD_PATH]

      if initrd_path:

        kvm_cmd.extend(['-initrd', initrd_path])

      root_append = ['root=%s' % hvp[constants.HV_ROOT_PATH],

                     hvp[constants.HV_KERNEL_ARGS]]

      if hvp[constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE]:

        root_append.append('console=ttyS0,38400')

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-append', ' '.join(root_append)])

    mouse_type = hvp[constants.HV_USB_MOUSE]

    if mouse_type:

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-usb'])

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-usbdevice', mouse_type])

    # FIXME: handle vnc password

    vnc_bind_address = hvp[constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS]

    if vnc_bind_address:

      if utils.IsValidIP(vnc_bind_address):

        if instance.network_port > constants.VNC_BASE_PORT:

          display = instance.network_port - constants.VNC_BASE_PORT

          if vnc_bind_address == '0.0.0.0':

            vnc_arg = ':%d' % (display)

          else:

            vnc_arg = '%s:%d' % (constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS, display)

        else:

          logging.error("Network port is not a valid VNC display (%d < %d)."

                        " Not starting VNC" %

                        (instance.network_port,

                         constants.VNC_BASE_PORT))

          vnc_arg = 'none'

        # Only allow tls and other option when not binding to a file, for now.

        # kvm/qemu gets confused otherwise about the filename to use.

        vnc_append = ''

        if hvp[constants.HV_VNC_TLS]:

          vnc_append = '%s,tls' % vnc_append

          if hvp[constants.HV_VNC_X509_VERIFY]:

            vnc_append = '%s,x509verify=%s' % (vnc_append,

                                               hvp[constants.HV_VNC_X509])

          elif hvp[constants.HV_VNC_X509]:

            vnc_append = '%s,x509=%s' % (vnc_append,

                                         hvp[constants.HV_VNC_X509])

        vnc_arg = '%s%s' % (vnc_arg, vnc_append)

      else:

        vnc_arg = 'unix:%s/%s.vnc' % (vnc_bind_address, instance.name)

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-vnc', vnc_arg])

    else:

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-nographic'])

    monitor_dev = 'unix:%s,server,nowait' % \

      self._InstanceMonitor(instance.name)

    kvm_cmd.extend(['-monitor', monitor_dev])

    if hvp[constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE]:

      serial_dev = ('unix:%s,server,nowait' %

                    self._InstanceSerial(instance.name))

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-serial', serial_dev])

    else:

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-serial', 'none'])

    # Save the current instance nics, but defer their expansion as parameters,

    # as we'll need to generate executable temp files for them.

    kvm_nics = instance.nics

    hvparams = hvp

    return (kvm_cmd, kvm_nics, hvparams)

  def _WriteKVMRuntime(self, instance_name, data):

    """Write an instance's KVM runtime

    """

    try:

      utils.WriteFile(self._InstanceKVMRuntime(instance_name),

                      data=data)

    except EnvironmentError, err:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to save KVM runtime file: %s" % err)

  def _ReadKVMRuntime(self, instance_name):

    """Read an instance's KVM runtime

    """

    try:

      file_content = utils.ReadFile(self._InstanceKVMRuntime(instance_name))

    except EnvironmentError, err:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to load KVM runtime file: %s" % err)

    return file_content

  def _SaveKVMRuntime(self, instance, kvm_runtime):

    """Save an instance's KVM runtime

    """

    kvm_cmd, kvm_nics, hvparams = kvm_runtime

    serialized_nics = [nic.ToDict() for nic in kvm_nics]

    serialized_form = serializer.Dump((kvm_cmd, serialized_nics, hvparams))

    self._WriteKVMRuntime(instance.name, serialized_form)

  def _LoadKVMRuntime(self, instance, serialized_runtime=None):

    """Load an instance's KVM runtime

    """

    if not serialized_runtime:

      serialized_runtime = self._ReadKVMRuntime(instance.name)

    loaded_runtime = serializer.Load(serialized_runtime)

    kvm_cmd, serialized_nics, hvparams = loaded_runtime

    kvm_nics = [objects.NIC.FromDict(snic) for snic in serialized_nics]

    return (kvm_cmd, kvm_nics, hvparams)

  def _ExecuteKVMRuntime(self, instance, kvm_runtime, incoming=None):

    """Execute a KVM cmd, after completing it with some last minute data

    @type incoming: tuple of strings

    @param incoming: (target_host_ip, port)

    """

    pidfile, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance.name)

    if alive:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to start instance %s: %s" %

                                   (instance.name, "already running"))

    temp_files = []

    kvm_cmd, kvm_nics, hvparams = kvm_runtime

    if not kvm_nics:

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-net', 'none'])

    else:

      nic_type = hvparams[constants.HV_NIC_TYPE]

      if nic_type == constants.HT_NIC_PARAVIRTUAL:

        nic_model = "model=virtio"

      else:

        nic_model = "model=%s" % nic_type

      for nic_seq, nic in enumerate(kvm_nics):

        nic_val = "nic,macaddr=%s,%s" % (nic.mac, nic_model)

        script = self._WriteNetScript(instance, nic_seq, nic)

        kvm_cmd.extend(['-net', nic_val])

        kvm_cmd.extend(['-net', 'tap,script=%s' % script])

        temp_files.append(script)

    if incoming:

      target, port = incoming

      kvm_cmd.extend(['-incoming', 'tcp:%s:%s' % (target, port)])

    result = utils.RunCmd(kvm_cmd)

    if result.failed:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to start instance %s: %s (%s)" %

                                   (instance.name, result.fail_reason,

                                    result.output))

    if not utils.IsProcessAlive(utils.ReadPidFile(pidfile)):

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to start instance %s: %s" %

                                   (instance.name))

    for filename in temp_files:

      utils.RemoveFile(filename)

  def StartInstance(self, instance, block_devices):

    """Start an instance.

    """

    pidfile, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance.name)

    if alive:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to start instance %s: %s" %

                                   (instance.name, "already running"))

    kvm_runtime = self._GenerateKVMRuntime(instance, block_devices)

    self._SaveKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime)

    self._ExecuteKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime)

  def _CallMonitorCommand(self, instance_name, command):

    """Invoke a command on the instance monitor.

    """

    socat = ("echo %s | %s STDIO UNIX-CONNECT:%s" %

             (utils.ShellQuote(command),

              constants.SOCAT_PATH,

              utils.ShellQuote(self._InstanceMonitor(instance_name))))

    result = utils.RunCmd(socat)

    if result.failed:

      msg = ("Failed to send command '%s' to instance %s."

             " output: %s, error: %s, fail_reason: %s" %

             (command, instance_name,

              result.stdout, result.stderr, result.fail_reason))

      raise errors.HypervisorError(msg)

    return result

  def _RetryInstancePowerdown(self, instance, pid, timeout=30):

    """Wait for an instance  to power down.

    """

    # Wait up to $timeout seconds

    end = time.time() + timeout

    wait = 1

    while time.time() < end and utils.IsProcessAlive(pid):

      self._CallMonitorCommand(instance.name, 'system_powerdown')

      time.sleep(wait)

      # Make wait time longer for next try

      if wait < 5:

        wait *= 1.3

  def StopInstance(self, instance, force=False):

    """Stop an instance.

    """

    pidfile, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance.name)

    if pid > 0 and alive:

      if force or not instance.hvparams[constants.HV_ACPI]:

        utils.KillProcess(pid)

      else:

        self._RetryInstancePowerdown(instance, pid)

    if not utils.IsProcessAlive(pid):

      utils.RemoveFile(pidfile)

      utils.RemoveFile(self._InstanceMonitor(instance.name))

      utils.RemoveFile(self._InstanceSerial(instance.name))

      utils.RemoveFile(self._InstanceKVMRuntime(instance.name))

      return True

    else:

      return False

  def RebootInstance(self, instance):

    """Reboot an instance.

    """

    # For some reason if we do a 'send-key ctrl-alt-delete' to the control

    # socket the instance will stop, but now power up again. So we'll resort

    # to shutdown and restart.

    pidfile, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance.name)

    if not alive:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to reboot instance %s: not running" %

                                             (instance.name))

    # StopInstance will delete the saved KVM runtime so:

    # ...first load it...

    kvm_runtime = self._LoadKVMRuntime(instance)

    # ...now we can safely call StopInstance...

    if not self.StopInstance(instance):

      self.StopInstance(instance, force=True)

    # ...and finally we can save it again, and execute it...

    self._SaveKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime)

    self._ExecuteKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime)

  def MigrationInfo(self, instance):

    """Get instance information to perform a migration.

    @type instance: L{objects.Instance}

    @param instance: instance to be migrated

    @rtype: string

    @return: content of the KVM runtime file

    """

    return self._ReadKVMRuntime(instance.name)

  def AcceptInstance(self, instance, info, target):

    """Prepare to accept an instance.

    @type instance: L{objects.Instance}

    @param instance: instance to be accepted

    @type info: string

    @param info: content of the KVM runtime file on the source node

    @type target: string

    @param target: target host (usually ip), on this node

    """

    kvm_runtime = self._LoadKVMRuntime(instance, serialized_runtime=info)

    incoming_address = (target, constants.KVM_MIGRATION_PORT)

    self._ExecuteKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime, incoming=incoming_address)

  def FinalizeMigration(self, instance, info, success):

    """Finalize an instance migration.

    Stop the incoming mode KVM.

    @type instance: L{objects.Instance}

    @param instance: instance whose migration is being aborted

    """

    if success:

      self._WriteKVMRuntime(instance.name, info)

    else:

      self.StopInstance(instance, force=True)

  def MigrateInstance(self, instance_name, target, live):

    """Migrate an instance to a target node.

    The migration will not be attempted if the instance is not

    currently running.

    @type instance_name: string

    @param instance_name: name of the instance to be migrated

    @type target: string

    @param target: ip address of the target node

    @type live: boolean

    @param live: perform a live migration

    """

    pidfile, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance_name)

    if not alive:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Instance not running, cannot migrate")

    if not live:

      self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, 'stop')

    migrate_command = ('migrate -d tcp:%s:%s' %

                       (target, constants.KVM_MIGRATION_PORT))

    self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, migrate_command)

    info_command = 'info migrate'

    done = False

    while not done:

      result = self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, info_command)

      match = self._MIGRATION_STATUS_RE.search(result.stdout)

      if not match:

        raise errors.HypervisorError("Unknown 'info migrate' result: %s" %

                                     result.stdout)

      else:

        status = match.group(1)

        if status == 'completed':

          done = True

        elif status == 'active':

          time.sleep(2)

        elif status == 'failed' or status == 'cancelled':

          if not live:

            self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, 'cont')

          raise errors.HypervisorError("Migration %s at the kvm level" %

                                       status)

        else:

          logging.info("KVM: unknown migration status '%s'" % status)

          time.sleep(2)

    utils.KillProcess(pid)

    utils.RemoveFile(pidfile)

    utils.RemoveFile(self._InstanceMonitor(instance_name))

    utils.RemoveFile(self._InstanceSerial(instance_name))

    utils.RemoveFile(self._InstanceKVMRuntime(instance_name))

  def GetNodeInfo(self):

    """Return information about the node.

    @return: a dict with the following keys (values in MiB):

          - memory_total: the total memory size on the node

          - memory_free: the available memory on the node for instances

          - memory_dom0: the memory used by the node itself, if available

    """

    # global ram usage from the xm info command

    # memory                 : 3583

    # free_memory            : 747

    # note: in xen 3, memory has changed to total_memory

    try:

      fh = file("/proc/meminfo")

      try:

        data = fh.readlines()

      finally:

        fh.close()

    except EnvironmentError, err:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to list node info: %s" % err)

    result = {}

    sum_free = 0

    for line in data:

      splitfields = line.split(":", 1)

      if len(splitfields) > 1:

        key = splitfields[0].strip()

        val = splitfields[1].strip()

        if key == 'MemTotal':

          result['memory_total'] = int(val.split()[0])/1024

        elif key in ('MemFree', 'Buffers', 'Cached'):

          sum_free += int(val.split()[0])/1024

        elif key == 'Active':

          result['memory_dom0'] = int(val.split()[0])/1024

    result['memory_free'] = sum_free

    cpu_total = 0

    try:

      fh = open("/proc/cpuinfo")

      try:

        cpu_total = len(re.findall("(?m)^processor\s*:\s*[0-9]+\s*$",

                                   fh.read()))

      finally:

        fh.close()

    except EnvironmentError, err:

      raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to list node info: %s" % err)

    result['cpu_total'] = cpu_total

    # FIXME: export correct data here

    result['cpu_nodes'] = 1

    result['cpu_sockets'] = 1

    return result

  @classmethod

  def GetShellCommandForConsole(cls, instance, hvparams, beparams):

    """Return a command for connecting to the console of an instance.

    """

    if hvparams[constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE]:

      # FIXME: The socat shell is not perfect. In particular the way we start

      # it ctrl+c will close it, rather than being passed to the other end.

      # On the other hand if we pass the option 'raw' (or ignbrk=1) there

      # will be no way of exiting socat (except killing it from another shell)

      # and ctrl+c doesn't work anyway, printing ^C rather than being

      # interpreted by kvm. For now we'll leave it this way, which at least

      # allows a minimal interaction and changes on the machine.

      shell_command = ("%s STDIO,echo=0,icanon=0 UNIX-CONNECT:%s" %

                       (constants.SOCAT_PATH,

                        utils.ShellQuote(cls._InstanceSerial(instance.name))))

    else:

      shell_command = "echo 'No serial shell for instance %s'" % instance.name

    vnc_bind_address = hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS]

    if vnc_bind_address:

      if instance.network_port > constants.VNC_BASE_PORT:

        display = instance.network_port - constants.VNC_BASE_PORT

        vnc_command = ("echo 'Instance has VNC listening on %s:%d"

                       " (display: %d)'" % (vnc_bind_address,

                                            instance.network_port,

                                            display))

        shell_command = "%s; %s" % (vnc_command, shell_command)

    return shell_command

  def Verify(self):

    """Verify the hypervisor.

    Check that the binary exists.

    """

    if not os.path.exists(constants.KVM_PATH):

      return "The kvm binary ('%s') does not exist." % constants.KVM_PATH

    if not os.path.exists(constants.SOCAT_PATH):

      return "The socat binary ('%s') does not exist." % constants.SOCAT_PATH

  @classmethod

  def CheckParameterSyntax(cls, hvparams):

    """Check the given parameters for validity.

    @type hvparams:  dict

    @param hvparams: dictionary with parameter names/value

    @raise errors.HypervisorError: when a parameter is not valid

    """

    super(KVMHypervisor, cls).CheckParameterSyntax(hvparams)

    kernel_path = hvparams[constants.HV_KERNEL_PATH]

    if kernel_path:

      if not os.path.isabs(hvparams[constants.HV_KERNEL_PATH]):

        raise errors.HypervisorError("The kernel path must be an absolute path"

                                     ", if defined")

      if not hvparams[constants.HV_ROOT_PATH]:

        raise errors.HypervisorError("Need a root partition for the instance"

                                     ", if a kernel is defined")

    if hvparams[constants.HV_INITRD_PATH]:

      if not os.path.isabs(hvparams[constants.HV_INITRD_PATH]):

        raise errors.HypervisorError("The initrd path must an absolute path"

                                     ", if defined")

    vnc_bind_address = hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS]

    if vnc_bind_address:

      if not utils.IsValidIP(vnc_bind_address):

        if not os.path.isabs(vnc_bind_address):

          raise errors.HypervisorError("The VNC bind address must be either"

                                       " a valid IP address or an absolute"

                                       " pathname. '%s' given" %

                                       vnc_bind_address)

    if hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_X509_VERIFY] and \

      not hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_X509]:

        raise errors.HypervisorError("%s must be defined, if %s is" %

                                     (constants.HV_VNC_X509,

                                      constants.HV_VNC_X509_VERIFY))

    if hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_X509]:

      if not os.path.isabs(hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_X509]):

        raise errors.HypervisorError("The vnc x509 path must an absolute path"