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    routing tables/instance groups (but the meaning is dependent on

    the network script, see gnt-cluster(8) for more details)

default at cluster level.  Alternatively, if no network is desired for

the instance, you can prevent the default of one NIC with the

``--no-nics`` option.

allowing a manual import if so desired. Note that the no-installation

mode will automatically disable the start-up of the instance (without

an OS, it most likely won't be able to start-up successfully).

(must be one of the enabled hypervisors on the cluster) and optionally

custom parameters for this instance. If not other options are used

(i.e. the invocation is just -H *NAME*) the instance will inherit the

cluster options. The defaults below show the cluster defaults at

cluster creation time.

    The default is not to set an HVM boot order which is interpreted

    as 'dc'.

    For KVM the boot order is either "floppy", "cdrom", "disk" or

    "network".  Please note that older versions of KVM couldn't

    netboot from virtio interfaces. This has been fixed in more recent

    versions and is confirmed to work at least with qemu-kvm 0.11.1.

    Relevant to nonpvops guest kernels, in which the disk device names

    are given by the host.  Allows to specify 'xvd', which helps run

    Red Hat based installers, driven by anaconda.

    The path to a floppy disk image to attach to the instance.  This

    is useful to install Windows operating systems on Virt/IO disks

    because you can specify here the floppy for the drivers at

    installation time.

    - ioemu [default] (HVM & KVM)

    - ide (HVM & KVM)

    - scsi (KVM)

    - sd (KVM)

    - mtd (KVM)

    - pflash (KVM)

    This parameter determines the way the cdroms disks are presented

    to the instance. The default behavior is to get the same value of

    the eariler parameter (disk_type). The possible options are:

    - paravirtual

    - ide

    - scsi

    - sd

    - mtd

    - pflash

    the instance with. Xen PVM instances always require this, while

    for KVM if this option is empty, it will cause the machine to load

    the kernel from its disks.

    The default setting for this value is simply ``"ro"``, which

    mounts the root disk (initially) in read-only one. For example,

    setting this to single will cause the instance to start in

    single-user mode.

    the instance with. Xen PVM instances can use this always, while

    for KVM if this option is only used if the ``kernel_path`` option

    is also specified. You can pass here either an absolute filename

    (the path to the initrd) if you want to use an initrd, or use the

    format no\_initrd\_path for no initrd.

    The disk cache mode. It can be either default to not pass any

    cache option to KVM, or one of the KVM cache modes: none (for

    direct I/O), writethrough (to use the host cache but report

    completion to the guest only when the host has committed the

    changes to disk) or writeback (to use the host cache and report

    completion as soon as the data is in the host cache). Note that

    there are special considerations for the cache mode depending on

    version of KVM used and disk type (always raw file under Ganeti),

    please refer to the KVM documentation for more details.

    The security model for kvm. Currently one of *none*, *user* or

    *pool*. Under *none*, the default, nothing is done and instances

    Under *user* kvm will drop privileges and become the user

    specified by the security\_domain parameter.

    Under *pool* a global cluster pool of users will be used, making

    Under security model *user* the username to run the instance

    under.  It must be a valid username existing on the host.

    Cannot be set under security model *none* or *pool*.

    If *enabled* the -enable-kvm flag is passed to kvm. If *disabled*

    -disable-kvm is passed. If unset no flag is passed, and the

    default running mode for your kvm binary will be used.

    The processes belonging to the given instance are only scheduled

    on the specified CPUs.

    The parameter format is a comma-separated list of CPU IDs or CPU

    ID ranges. The ranges are defined by a lower and higher boundary,

The ``--iallocator`` option specifies the instance allocator plugin to

use. If you pass in this option the allocator will select nodes for

this instance automatically, so you don't need to pass them with the

``-n`` option. For more information please refer to the instance

allocator documentation.

disks. Note that currently these drivers work with the xen hypervisor

only. This option is only relevant for instances using the file

storage backend. The available choices are:

    Kernel loopback driver. This driver uses loopback devices to

    access the filesystem within the file. However, running I/O

    intensive applications in your instance using the loop driver

    might result in slowdowns. Furthermore, if you use the loopback

    driver consider increasing the maximum amount of loopback devices

    (on most systems it's 8) using the max\_loop param.

    The blktap driver (for Xen hypervisors). In order to be able to

    use the blktap driver you should check if the 'blktapctrl' user

    space disk agent is running (usually automatically started via

    xend).  This user-level disk I/O interface has the advantage of

    better performance. Especially if you use a network file system

    (e.g. NFS) to store your instances this is the recommended choice.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

instance configurations do not encompass all the possible options for

the **add** command, but only a subset.

again, use **shutdown** first and leave it in the shutdown state for a

while.

(e.g. during the shutdown or the disk removal). If this option is not

given, the command will stop at the first error.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

formatted in the most appropriate unit. If the ``--separator`` option

is given, then the values are shown in mebibytes to allow parsing by

scripts. In both cases, the ``--units`` option can be used to enforce

a given output unit.

The ``-o`` option takes a comma-separated list of output fields. The

available fields and their meaning are:

field(s) will be added to the default list. This allows to quickly see

the default list plus a few other fields, instead of retyping the

entire list of fields.

``status`` are configuration value and not run-time values. So if you

don't select any of the these fields, the query will be satisfied

instantly from the cluster configuration, without having to ask the

remote nodes for the data. This can be helpful for big clusters when

you only want some data and it makes sense to specify a reduced set of

output fields.

different from **list** as it shows detailed data about the instance's

disks (especially useful for the drbd disk template).

The ``--roman`` option can be used to cause envy among people who like

ancient cultures, but are stuck with non-latin-friendly cluster

virtualization technologies.

of the instance, while the ``--net`` *N*:*options* option will change

the parameters of the Nth instance NIC.

(without reinstallation). In case an OS variant is specified that is

not found, then by default the modification is refused, unless

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

arguments or by using the ``--node``, ``--primary``, ``--secondary``

or ``--all`` options), the user must pass the ``--force-multiple``

options to skip the interactive confirmation.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

Renames the given instance. The instance must be stopped when running

this command. The requirements for the new name are the same as for

adding an instance: the new name must be resolvable and the IP it

resolves to must not be reachable (in order to prevent duplicate IPs

the next time the instance is started). The IP test can be skipped if

the ``--no-ip-check`` option is passed.

The ``--no-name-check`` skips the check for the new instance name via

the resolver (e.g. in DNS or /etc/hosts, depending on your

setup). Since the name check is used to compute the IP address, if you

pass this option you must also pass the ``--no-ip-check`` option.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

Starts one or more instances, depending on the following options.  The

four available modes are:

last one wins, so in order to guarantee the desired result, don't pass

more than one such option.

``--ignore-offline`` can be used to ignore offline primary nodes and

mark the instance as started even if the primary is not available.

The ``--force-multiple`` will skip the interactive confirmation in the

case the more than one instance will be affected.

The ``-H`` and ``-B`` options specify temporary hypervisor and backend

parameters that can be used to start an instance with modified

parameters. They can be useful for quick testing without having to

modify an instance back and forth, e.g.::

The first form will start the instance instance1 in single-user mode,

and the instance instance2 with 2GB of RAM (this time only, unless

that is the actual instance memory size already). Note that the values

override the instance parameters (and not extend them): an instance

with "root\_args=ro" when started with -H root\_args=single will

result in "single", not "ro single".  The ``--submit`` option is used

to send the job to the master daemon but not wait for its

completion. The job ID will be shown so that it can be examined via

**gnt-job info**.

Stops one or more instances. If the instance cannot be cleanly stopped

during a hardcoded interval (currently 2 minutes), it will forcibly

stop the instance (equivalent to switching off the power on a physical

machine).

``--sec-node-tags`` options are similar as for the **startup** command

and they influence the actual instances being shutdown.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

``--ignore-offline`` can be used to ignore offline primary nodes and

force the instance to be marked as stopped. This option should be used

with care as it can lead to an inconsistent cluster state.

Reboots one or more instances. The type of reboot depends on the value

of ``--type``. A soft reboot does a hypervisor reboot, a hard reboot

does a instance stop, recreates the hypervisor config for the instance

and starts the instance. A full reboot does the equivalent of

**gnt-instance shutdown && gnt-instance startup**.  The default is

hard reboot.

For the hard reboot the option ``--ignore-secondaries`` ignores errors

for the secondary node while re-assembling the instance disks.

``--sec-node-tags`` options are similar as for the **startup** command

and they influence the actual instances being rebooted.

process, for kvm). By default two minutes are given to each instance

to stop.

The ``--force-multiple`` will skip the interactive confirmation in the

case the more than one instance will be affected.

Connects to the console of the given instance. If the instance is not

up, an error is returned. Use the ``--show-cmd`` option to display the

command instead of executing it.

For HVM instances, this will attempt to connect to the serial console

of the instance. To connect to the virtualized "physical" console of a

HVM instance, use a VNC client with the connection info from the

**info** command.

The first form (when passing the ``-p`` option) will replace the disks

on the primary, while the second form (when passing the ``-s`` option

will replace the disks on the secondary node. For these two cases (as

the node doesn't change), it is possible to only run the replace for a

subset of the disks, using the option ``--disks`` which takes a list

of comma-delimited disk indices (zero-based), e.g. 0,2 to replace only

the first and third disks.

the instance. Specifying ``--iallocator`` makes the new secondary be

selected automatically by the specified allocator plugin, otherwise

the new secondary node will be the one chosen manually via the

``--new-secondary`` option.

The fourth form (when using ``--auto``) will automatically determine

which disks of an instance are faulty and replace them within the same

node. The ``--auto`` option works only when an instance has only

faulty disks on either the primary or secondary node; it doesn't work

when both sides have faulty disks.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

the cluster operation. This should be used only when recovering from a

disk failure on the current secondary (thus the old storage is already

broken) or when the storage on the primary node is known to be fine

(thus we won't need the old storage for potential recovery).

Note that it is not possible to select an offline or drained node as a

new secondary.

Activates the block devices of the given instance. If successful, the

command will show the location and name of the block devices::

In this example, *node1.example.com* is the name of the node on which

the devices have been activated. The *disk/0* and *disk/1* are the

Ganeti-names of the instance disks; how they are visible inside the

instance is hypervisor-specific. */dev/drbd0* and */dev/drbd1* are the

actual block devices as visible on the node.  The ``--submit`` option

is used to send the job to the master daemon but not wait for its

completion. The job ID will be shown so that it can be examined via

**gnt-job info**.

(e.g. after a partially-failed grow-disk operation or due to rounding

in LVM devices). This should not be used in normal cases, but only

when activate-disks fails without it.

Note that it is safe to run this command while the instance is already

running.

De-activates the block devices of the given instance. Note that if you

run this command for an instance with a drbd disk template, while it

is running, it will not be able to shutdown the block devices on the

primary node, but it will shutdown the block devices on the secondary

nodes, thus breaking the replication.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

Grows an instance's disk. This is only possible for instances having a

plain or drbd disk template.

Note that this command only change the block device size; it will not

grow the actual filesystems, partitions, etc. that live on that

*amount* argument is given either as a number (and it represents the

amount to increase the disk with in mebibytes) or can be given similar

to the arguments in the create instance operation, with a suffix

denoting the unit.

Note that the disk grow operation might complete on one node but fail

on the other; this will leave the instance with different-sized LVs on

the two nodes, but this will not create problems (except for unused

space).

If you do not want gnt-instance to wait for the new disk region to be

synced, use the ``--no-wait-for-sync`` option.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

Also note that disk shrinking is not supported; use **gnt-backup

export** and then **gnt-backup import** to reduce the disk size of an

instance.

Note that this functionality should only be used for missing disks; if

any of the given disks already exists, the operation will fail.  While

this is suboptimal, recreate-disks should hopefully not be needed in

normal operation and as such the impact of this is low.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

Normally the failover will check the consistency of the disks before

failing over the instance. If you are trying to migrate instances off

a dead node, this will fail. Use the ``--ignore-consistency`` option

for this purpose. Note that this option can be dangerous as errors in

shutting down the instance will be ignored, resulting in possibly

having the instance running on two machines in parallel (on

disconnected DRBD drives).

process, for kvm). By default two minutes are given to each instance

to stop.

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

shutdown. It only works for instances having the drbd8 disk template

type.

The migration command needs a perfectly healthy instance, as we rely

on the dual-master capability of drbd8 and the disks of the instance

are not allowed to be degraded.

(i.e. the interruption is as minimal as possible) migration and one in

which the instance is frozen, its state saved and transported to the

remote node, and then resumed there. This all depends on the

hypervisor support for two different methods. In any case, it is not

an error to pass this parameter (it will just be ignored if the

hypervisor doesn't support it). The option ``--migration-mode=live``

option will request a fully-live migration. The default, when neither

option is passed, depends on the hypervisor parameters (and can be

viewed with the **gnt-cluster info** command).

migration to attempting recovery from a failed previous migration.  In

this mode, Ganeti checks if the instance runs on the correct node (and

updates its configuration if not) and ensures the instances's disks

are configured correctly. In this mode, the ``--non-live`` option is

ignored.

Move will move the instance to an arbitrary node in the cluster.  This

works only for instances having a plain or file disk template.

Note that since this operation is done via data copy, it will take a

long time for big disks (similar to replace-disks for a drbd

The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon

but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it

can be examined via **gnt-job info**.

If the ``--from`` option is given, the list of tags will be extended

with the contents of that file (each line becomes a tag).  In this

case, there is not need to pass tags on the command line (if you do,

both sources will be used). A file name of ``-`` will be interpreted

as stdin.