Archipelago » qemu

/*

 * QEMU PC System Emulator

 *

 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard

 *

 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights

 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell

 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is

 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

 *

 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in

 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 *

 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL

 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN

 * THE SOFTWARE.

 */

#include "hw.h"

#include "pc.h"

#include "fdc.h"

#include "pci.h"

#include "block.h"

#include "sysemu.h"

#include "audio/audio.h"

#include "net.h"

#include "smbus.h"

#include "boards.h"

#include "console.h"

#include "fw_cfg.h"

#include "virtio-blk.h"

/* output Bochs bios info messages */

//#define DEBUG_BIOS

#define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"

#define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"

#define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"

#define PC_MAX_BIOS_SIZE (4 * 1024 * 1024)

/* Leave a chunk of memory at the top of RAM for the BIOS ACPI tables.  */

#define ACPI_DATA_SIZE       0x10000

#define BIOS_CFG_IOPORT 0x510

#define MAX_IDE_BUS 2

static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;

static RTCState *rtc_state;

static PITState *pit;

static IOAPICState *ioapic;

static PCIDevice *i440fx_state;

static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)

{

}

/* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */

static qemu_irq ferr_irq;

/* XXX: add IGNNE support */

void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)

{

    qemu_irq_raise(ferr_irq);

}

static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)

{

    qemu_irq_lower(ferr_irq);

}

/* TSC handling */

uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)

{

    /* Note: when using kqemu, it is more logical to return the host TSC

       because kqemu does not trap the RDTSC instruction for

       performance reasons */

#ifdef USE_KQEMU

    if (env->kqemu_enabled) {

        return cpu_get_real_ticks();

    } else

#endif

    {

        return cpu_get_ticks();

    }

}

/* SMM support */

void cpu_smm_update(CPUState *env)

{

    if (i440fx_state && env == first_cpu)

        i440fx_set_smm(i440fx_state, (env->hflags >> HF_SMM_SHIFT) & 1);

}

/* IRQ handling */

int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)

{

    int intno;

    intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);

    if (intno >= 0) {

        /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */

        /* XXX: improve that */

        pic_update_irq(isa_pic);

        return intno;

    }

    /* read the irq from the PIC */

    if (!apic_accept_pic_intr(env))

        return -1;

    intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);

    return intno;

}

static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int irq, int level)

{

    CPUState *env = first_cpu;

    if (env->apic_state) {

        while (env) {

            if (apic_accept_pic_intr(env))

                apic_deliver_pic_intr(env, level);

            env = env->next_cpu;

        }

    } else {

        if (level)

            cpu_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);

        else

            cpu_reset_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);

    }

}

/* PC cmos mappings */

#define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14

static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)

{

    int val;

    switch (fd0) {

    case 0:

        /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */

        val = 4;

        break;

    case 1:

        /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */

        val = 5;

        break;

    case 2:

        /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */

        val = 2;

        break;

    default:

        val = 0;

        break;

    }

    return val;

}

static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)

{

    RTCState *s = rtc_state;

    int cylinders, heads, sectors;

    bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);

    rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);

    rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);

}

/* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */

static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)

{

    switch(boot_device) {

    case 'a':

    case 'b':

        return 0x01; /* floppy boot */

    case 'c':

        return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */

    case 'd':

        return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */

    case 'n':

        return 0x04; /* Network boot */

    }

    return 0;

}

/* copy/pasted from cmos_init, should be made a general function

 and used there as well */

static int pc_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device)

{

#define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3

    RTCState *s = (RTCState *)opaque;

    int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };

    int i;

    nbds = strlen(boot_device);

    if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {

        term_printf("Too many boot devices for PC\n");

        return(1);

    }

    for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {

        bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);

        if (bds[i] == 0) {

            term_printf("Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'\n",

                    boot_device[i]);

            return(1);

        }

    }

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4));

    return(0);

}

/* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */

static void cmos_init(ram_addr_t ram_size, ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size,

                      const char *boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table)

{

    RTCState *s = rtc_state;

    int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };

    int val;

    int fd0, fd1, nb;

    int i;

    /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */

    /* memory size */

    val = 640; /* base memory in K */

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);

    val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;

    if (val > 65535)

        val = 65535;

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);

    if (above_4g_mem_size) {

        rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5b, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 16);

        rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5c, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 24);

        rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5d, (uint64_t)above_4g_mem_size >> 32);

    }

    if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))

        val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);

    else

        val = 0;

    if (val > 65535)

        val = 65535;

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);

    /* set the number of CPU */

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5f, smp_cpus - 1);

    /* set boot devices, and disable floppy signature check if requested */

#define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3

    nbds = strlen(boot_device);

    if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {

        fprintf(stderr, "Too many boot devices for PC\n");

        exit(1);

    }

    for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {

        bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);

        if (bds[i] == 0) {

            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'\n",

                    boot_device[i]);

            exit(1);

        }

    }

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ?  0x0 : 0x1));

    /* floppy type */

    fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);

    fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);

    val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);

    val = 0;

    nb = 0;

    if (fd0 < 3)

        nb++;

    if (fd1 < 3)

        nb++;

    switch (nb) {

    case 0:

        break;

    case 1:

        val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */

        break;

    case 2:

        val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */

        break;

    }

    val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */

    val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */

    rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);

    /* hard drives */

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));

    if (hd_table[0])

        cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);

    if (hd_table[1])

        cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);

    val = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

        if (hd_table[i]) {

            int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;

            /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical

                geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1

                <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS

                geometry can be different if a translation is done. */

            translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);

            if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {

                bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);

                if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {

                    /* No translation. */

                    translation = 0;

                } else {

                    /* LBA translation. */

                    translation = 1;

                }

            } else {

                translation--;

            }

            val |= translation << (i * 2);

        }

    }

    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);

}

void ioport_set_a20(int enable)

{

    /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */

    cpu_x86_set_a20(first_cpu, enable);

}

int ioport_get_a20(void)

{

    return ((first_cpu->a20_mask >> 20) & 1);

}

static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)

{

    ioport_set_a20((val >> 1) & 1);

    /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */

}

static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)

{

    return ioport_get_a20() << 1;

}

/***********************************************************/

/* Bochs BIOS debug ports */

static void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)

{

    static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";

    static int shutdown_index = 0;

    switch(addr) {

        /* Bochs BIOS messages */

    case 0x400:

    case 0x401:

        fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);

        exit(1);

    case 0x402:

    case 0x403:

#ifdef DEBUG_BIOS

        fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);

#endif

        break;

    case 0x8900:

        /* same as Bochs power off */

        if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {

            shutdown_index++;

            if (shutdown_index == 8) {

                shutdown_index = 0;

                qemu_system_shutdown_request();

            }

        } else {

            shutdown_index = 0;

        }

        break;

        /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */

    case 0x501:

    case 0x502:

        fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);

        exit(1);

    case 0x500:

    case 0x503:

#ifdef DEBUG_BIOS

        fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);

#endif

        break;

    }

}

static void bochs_bios_init(void)

{

    void *fw_cfg;

    register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);

    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init(BIOS_CFG_IOPORT, BIOS_CFG_IOPORT + 1, 0, 0);

    fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ID, 1);

    fw_cfg_add_i64(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_RAM_SIZE, (uint64_t)ram_size);

}

/* Generate an initial boot sector which sets state and jump to

   a specified vector */

static void generate_bootsect(uint8_t *option_rom,

                              uint32_t gpr[8], uint16_t segs[6], uint16_t ip)

{

    uint8_t rom[512], *p, *reloc;

    uint8_t sum;

    int i;

    memset(rom, 0, sizeof(rom));

    p = rom;

    /* Make sure we have an option rom signature */

    *p++ = 0x55;

    *p++ = 0xaa;

    /* ROM size in sectors*/

    *p++ = 1;

    /* Hook int19 */

    *p++ = 0x50;                /* push ax */

    *p++ = 0x1e;                /* push ds */

    *p++ = 0x31; *p++ = 0xc0;        /* xor ax, ax */

    *p++ = 0x8e; *p++ = 0xd8;        /* mov ax, ds */

    *p++ = 0xc7; *p++ = 0x06;   /* movvw _start,0x64 */

    *p++ = 0x64; *p++ = 0x00;

    reloc = p;

    *p++ = 0x00; *p++ = 0x00;

    *p++ = 0x8c; *p++ = 0x0e;   /* mov cs,0x66 */

    *p++ = 0x66; *p++ = 0x00;

    *p++ = 0x1f;                /* pop ds */

    *p++ = 0x58;                /* pop ax */

    *p++ = 0xcb;                /* lret */

    /* Actual code */

    *reloc = (p - rom);

    *p++ = 0xfa;                /* CLI */

    *p++ = 0xfc;                /* CLD */

    for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

        if (i == 1)                /* Skip CS */

            continue;

        *p++ = 0xb8;                /* MOV AX,imm16 */

        *p++ = segs[i];

        *p++ = segs[i] >> 8;

        *p++ = 0x8e;                /* MOV <seg>,AX */

        *p++ = 0xc0 + (i << 3);

    }

    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {

        *p++ = 0x66;                /* 32-bit operand size */

        *p++ = 0xb8 + i;        /* MOV <reg>,imm32 */

        *p++ = gpr[i];

        *p++ = gpr[i] >> 8;

        *p++ = gpr[i] >> 16;

        *p++ = gpr[i] >> 24;

    }

    *p++ = 0xea;                /* JMP FAR */

    *p++ = ip;                        /* IP */

    *p++ = ip >> 8;

    *p++ = segs[1];                /* CS */

    *p++ = segs[1] >> 8;

    /* sign rom */

    sum = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(rom) - 1); i++)

        sum += rom[i];

    rom[sizeof(rom) - 1] = -sum;

    memcpy(option_rom, rom, sizeof(rom));

}

static long get_file_size(FILE *f)

{

    long where, size;

    /* XXX: on Unix systems, using fstat() probably makes more sense */

    where = ftell(f);

    fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);

    size = ftell(f);

    fseek(f, where, SEEK_SET);

    return size;

}

static void load_linux(uint8_t *option_rom,

                       const char *kernel_filename,

                       const char *initrd_filename,

                       const char *kernel_cmdline)

{

    uint16_t protocol;

    uint32_t gpr[8];

    uint16_t seg[6];

    uint16_t real_seg;

    int setup_size, kernel_size, initrd_size, cmdline_size;

    uint32_t initrd_max;

    uint8_t header[1024];

    target_phys_addr_t real_addr, prot_addr, cmdline_addr, initrd_addr;

    FILE *f, *fi;

    /* Align to 16 bytes as a paranoia measure */

    cmdline_size = (strlen(kernel_cmdline)+16) & ~15;

    /* load the kernel header */

    f = fopen(kernel_filename, "rb");

    if (!f || !(kernel_size = get_file_size(f)) ||

        fread(header, 1, 1024, f) != 1024) {

        fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",

                kernel_filename);

        exit(1);

    }

    /* kernel protocol version */

#if 0

    fprintf(stderr, "header magic: %#x\n", ldl_p(header+0x202));

#endif

    if (ldl_p(header+0x202) == 0x53726448)

        protocol = lduw_p(header+0x206);

    else

        protocol = 0;

    if (protocol < 0x200 || !(header[0x211] & 0x01)) {

        /* Low kernel */

        real_addr    = 0x90000;

        cmdline_addr = 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;

        prot_addr    = 0x10000;

    } else if (protocol < 0x202) {

        /* High but ancient kernel */

        real_addr    = 0x90000;

        cmdline_addr = 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;

        prot_addr    = 0x100000;

    } else {

        /* High and recent kernel */

        real_addr    = 0x10000;

        cmdline_addr = 0x20000;

        prot_addr    = 0x100000;

    }

#if 0

    fprintf(stderr,

            "qemu: real_addr     = 0x" TARGET_FMT_plx "\n"

            "qemu: cmdline_addr  = 0x" TARGET_FMT_plx "\n"

            "qemu: prot_addr     = 0x" TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",

            real_addr,

            cmdline_addr,

            prot_addr);

#endif

    /* highest address for loading the initrd */

    if (protocol >= 0x203)

        initrd_max = ldl_p(header+0x22c);

    else

        initrd_max = 0x37ffffff;

    if (initrd_max >= ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE)

        initrd_max = ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE-1;

    /* kernel command line */

    pstrcpy_targphys(cmdline_addr, 4096, kernel_cmdline);

    if (protocol >= 0x202) {

        stl_p(header+0x228, cmdline_addr);

    } else {

        stw_p(header+0x20, 0xA33F);

        stw_p(header+0x22, cmdline_addr-real_addr);

    }

    /* loader type */

    /* High nybble = B reserved for Qemu; low nybble is revision number.

       If this code is substantially changed, you may want to consider

       incrementing the revision. */

    if (protocol >= 0x200)

        header[0x210] = 0xB0;

    /* heap */

    if (protocol >= 0x201) {

        header[0x211] |= 0x80;        /* CAN_USE_HEAP */

        stw_p(header+0x224, cmdline_addr-real_addr-0x200);

    }

    /* load initrd */

    if (initrd_filename) {

        if (protocol < 0x200) {

            fprintf(stderr, "qemu: linux kernel too old to load a ram disk\n");

            exit(1);

        }

        fi = fopen(initrd_filename, "rb");

        if (!fi) {

            fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",

                    initrd_filename);

            exit(1);

        }

        initrd_size = get_file_size(fi);

        initrd_addr = (initrd_max-initrd_size) & ~4095;

        fprintf(stderr, "qemu: loading initrd (%#x bytes) at 0x" TARGET_FMT_plx

                "\n", initrd_size, initrd_addr);

        if (!fread_targphys_ok(initrd_addr, initrd_size, fi)) {

            fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on initial ram disk '%s'\n",

                    initrd_filename);

            exit(1);

        }

        fclose(fi);

        stl_p(header+0x218, initrd_addr);

        stl_p(header+0x21c, initrd_size);

    }

    /* store the finalized header and load the rest of the kernel */

    cpu_physical_memory_write(real_addr, header, 1024);

    setup_size = header[0x1f1];

    if (setup_size == 0)

        setup_size = 4;

    setup_size = (setup_size+1)*512;

    kernel_size -= setup_size;        /* Size of protected-mode code */

    if (!fread_targphys_ok(real_addr+1024, setup_size-1024, f) ||

        !fread_targphys_ok(prot_addr, kernel_size, f)) {

        fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on kernel '%s'\n",

                kernel_filename);

        exit(1);

    }

    fclose(f);

    /* generate bootsector to set up the initial register state */

    real_seg = real_addr >> 4;

    seg[0] = seg[2] = seg[3] = seg[4] = seg[4] = real_seg;

    seg[1] = real_seg+0x20;        /* CS */

    memset(gpr, 0, sizeof gpr);

    gpr[4] = cmdline_addr-real_addr-16;        /* SP (-16 is paranoia) */

    generate_bootsect(option_rom, gpr, seg, 0);

}

static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)

{

    CPUState *env = opaque;

    cpu_reset(env);

}

static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };

static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };

static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };

#define NE2000_NB_MAX 6

static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };

static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };

static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };

static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };

static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };

static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };

#ifdef HAS_AUDIO

static void audio_init (PCIBus *pci_bus, qemu_irq *pic)

{

    struct soundhw *c;

    int audio_enabled = 0;

    for (c = soundhw; !audio_enabled && c->name; ++c) {

        audio_enabled = c->enabled;

    }

    if (audio_enabled) {

        AudioState *s;

        s = AUD_init ();

        if (s) {

            for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {

                if (c->enabled) {

                    if (c->isa) {

                        c->init.init_isa (s, pic);

                    }

                    else {

                        if (pci_bus) {

                            c->init.init_pci (pci_bus, s);

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

#endif

static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(NICInfo *nd, qemu_irq *pic)

{

    static int nb_ne2k = 0;

    if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)

        return;

    isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[nb_ne2k], pic[ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k]], nd);

    nb_ne2k++;

}

/* PC hardware initialisation */

static void pc_init1(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,

                     const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,

                     const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,

                     const char *initrd_filename,

                     int pci_enabled, const char *cpu_model)

{

    char buf[1024];

    int ret, linux_boot, i;

    ram_addr_t ram_addr, vga_ram_addr, bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;

    ram_addr_t below_4g_mem_size, above_4g_mem_size = 0;

    int bios_size, isa_bios_size, vga_bios_size;

    PCIBus *pci_bus;

    int piix3_devfn = -1;

    CPUState *env;

    NICInfo *nd;

    qemu_irq *cpu_irq;

    qemu_irq *i8259;

    int index;

    BlockDriverState *hd[MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS];

    BlockDriverState *fd[MAX_FD];

    if (ram_size >= 0xe0000000 ) {

        above_4g_mem_size = ram_size - 0xe0000000;

        below_4g_mem_size = 0xe0000000;

    } else {

        below_4g_mem_size = ram_size;

    }

    linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);

    /* init CPUs */

    if (cpu_model == NULL) {

#ifdef TARGET_X86_64

        cpu_model = "qemu64";

#else

        cpu_model = "qemu32";

#endif

    }

    for(i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {

        env = cpu_init(cpu_model);

        if (!env) {

            fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find x86 CPU definition\n");

            exit(1);

        }

        if (i != 0)

            env->halted = 1;

        if (smp_cpus > 1) {

            /* XXX: enable it in all cases */

            env->cpuid_features |= CPUID_APIC;

        }

        qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, env);

        if (pci_enabled) {

            apic_init(env);

        }

    }

    vmport_init();

    /* allocate RAM */

    ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0xa0000);

    cpu_register_physical_memory(0, 0xa0000, ram_addr);

    /* Allocate, even though we won't register, so we don't break the

     * phys_ram_base + PA assumption. This range includes vga (0xa0000 - 0xc0000),

     * and some bios areas, which will be registered later

     */

    ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0x100000 - 0xa0000);

    ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(below_4g_mem_size - 0x100000);

    cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000,

                 below_4g_mem_size - 0x100000,

                 ram_addr);

    /* above 4giga memory allocation */

    if (above_4g_mem_size > 0) {

        ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(above_4g_mem_size);

        cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000ULL,

                                     above_4g_mem_size,

                                     ram_addr);

    }

    /* allocate VGA RAM */

    vga_ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(vga_ram_size);

    /* BIOS load */

    if (bios_name == NULL)

        bios_name = BIOS_FILENAME;

    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, bios_name);

    bios_size = get_image_size(buf);

    if (bios_size <= 0 ||

        (bios_size % 65536) != 0) {

        goto bios_error;

    }

    bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(bios_size);

    ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);

    if (ret != bios_size) {

    bios_error:

        fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC BIOS '%s'\n", buf);

        exit(1);

    }

    /* VGA BIOS load */

    if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {

        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);

    } else {

        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);

    }

    vga_bios_size = get_image_size(buf);

    if (vga_bios_size <= 0 || vga_bios_size > 65536)

        goto vga_bios_error;

    vga_bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(65536);

    ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);

    if (ret != vga_bios_size) {

    vga_bios_error:

        fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load VGA BIOS '%s'\n", buf);

        exit(1);

    }

    /* setup basic memory access */

    cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,

                                 vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);

    /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */

    isa_bios_size = bios_size;

    if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))

        isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;

    cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,

                                 isa_bios_size,

                                 (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);

    {

        ram_addr_t option_rom_offset;

        int size, offset;

        offset = 0;

        if (linux_boot) {

            option_rom_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);

            load_linux(phys_ram_base + option_rom_offset,

                       kernel_filename, initrd_filename, kernel_cmdline);

            cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE,

                                         option_rom_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);

            offset = TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;

        }

        for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {

            size = get_image_size(option_rom[i]);

            if (size < 0) {

                fprintf(stderr, "Could not load option rom '%s'\n",

                        option_rom[i]);

                exit(1);

            }

            if (size > (0x10000 - offset))

                goto option_rom_error;

            option_rom_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(size);

            ret = load_image(option_rom[i], phys_ram_base + option_rom_offset);

            if (ret != size) {

            option_rom_error:

                fprintf(stderr, "Too many option ROMS\n");

                exit(1);

            }

            size = (size + 4095) & ~4095;

            cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000 + offset,

                                         size, option_rom_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);

            offset += size;

        }

    }

    /* map all the bios at the top of memory */

    cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),

                                 bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);

    bochs_bios_init();

    cpu_irq = qemu_allocate_irqs(pic_irq_request, NULL, 1);

    i8259 = i8259_init(cpu_irq[0]);

    ferr_irq = i8259[13];

    if (pci_enabled) {

        pci_bus = i440fx_init(&i440fx_state, i8259);

        piix3_devfn = piix3_init(pci_bus, -1);

    } else {

        pci_bus = NULL;

    }

    /* init basic PC hardware */

    register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);

    if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {

        if (pci_enabled) {

            pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,

                                ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,

                                vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);

        } else {

            isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,

                                vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);

        }

    } else if (vmsvga_enabled) {

        if (pci_enabled)

            pci_vmsvga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,

                            vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);

        else

            fprintf(stderr, "%s: vmware_vga: no PCI bus\n", __FUNCTION__);

    } else {

        if (pci_enabled) {

            pci_vga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,

                         vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size, 0, 0);

        } else {

            isa_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,

                         vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);

        }

    }

    rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, i8259[8]);

    qemu_register_boot_set(pc_boot_set, rtc_state);

    register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);

    register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);

    if (pci_enabled) {

        ioapic = ioapic_init();

    }

    pit = pit_init(0x40, i8259[0]);

    pcspk_init(pit);

    if (pci_enabled) {

        pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic, ioapic_set_irq, ioapic);

    }

    for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {

        if (serial_hds[i]) {

            serial_init(serial_io[i], i8259[serial_irq[i]], 115200,

                        serial_hds[i]);

        }

    }

    for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {

        if (parallel_hds[i]) {

            parallel_init(parallel_io[i], i8259[parallel_irq[i]],

                          parallel_hds[i]);

        }

    }

    for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {

        nd = &nd_table[i];

        if (!nd->model) {

            if (pci_enabled) {

                nd->model = "ne2k_pci";

            } else {

                nd->model = "ne2k_isa";

            }

        }

        if (strcmp(nd->model, "ne2k_isa") == 0) {

            pc_init_ne2k_isa(nd, i8259);

        } else if (pci_enabled) {

            if (strcmp(nd->model, "?") == 0)

                fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported ISA NICs: ne2k_isa\n");

            pci_nic_init(pci_bus, nd, -1);

        } else if (strcmp(nd->model, "?") == 0) {

            fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported ISA NICs: ne2k_isa\n");

            exit(1);

        } else {

            fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Unsupported NIC: %s\n", nd->model);

            exit(1);

        }

    }

    if (drive_get_max_bus(IF_IDE) >= MAX_IDE_BUS) {

        fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many IDE bus\n");

        exit(1);

    }

    for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS; i++) {

        index = drive_get_index(IF_IDE, i / MAX_IDE_DEVS, i % MAX_IDE_DEVS);

        if (index != -1)

            hd[i] = drives_table[index].bdrv;

        else

            hd[i] = NULL;

    }

    if (pci_enabled) {

        pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, hd, piix3_devfn + 1, i8259);

    } else {

        for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS; i++) {

            isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], i8259[ide_irq[i]],

                         hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i], hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i + 1]);

        }

    }

    i8042_init(i8259[1], i8259[12], 0x60);

    DMA_init(0);

#ifdef HAS_AUDIO

    audio_init(pci_enabled ? pci_bus : NULL, i8259);

#endif

    for(i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {

        index = drive_get_index(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);

        if (index != -1)

            fd[i] = drives_table[index].bdrv;

        else

            fd[i] = NULL;

    }

    floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(i8259[6], 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd);

    cmos_init(below_4g_mem_size, above_4g_mem_size, boot_device, hd);

    if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled) {

        usb_uhci_piix3_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2);

    }

    if (pci_enabled && acpi_enabled) {

        uint8_t *eeprom_buf = qemu_mallocz(8 * 256); /* XXX: make this persistent */

        i2c_bus *smbus;

        /* TODO: Populate SPD eeprom data.  */

        smbus = piix4_pm_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 3, 0xb100, i8259[9]);

        for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {

            smbus_eeprom_device_init(smbus, 0x50 + i, eeprom_buf + (i * 256));

        }

    }

    if (i440fx_state) {

        i440fx_init_memory_mappings(i440fx_state);

    }

    if (pci_enabled) {

        int max_bus;

        int bus, unit;

        void *scsi;

        max_bus = drive_get_max_bus(IF_SCSI);

        for (bus = 0; bus <= max_bus; bus++) {

            scsi = lsi_scsi_init(pci_bus, -1);

            for (unit = 0; unit < LSI_MAX_DEVS; unit++) {

                index = drive_get_index(IF_SCSI, bus, unit);

                if (index == -1)

                    continue;

                lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, drives_table[index].bdrv, unit);

            }

        }

    }

    /* Add virtio block devices */

    if (pci_enabled) {

        int index;

        int unit_id = 0;

        while ((index = drive_get_index(IF_VIRTIO, 0, unit_id)) != -1) {

            virtio_blk_init(pci_bus, 0x1AF4, 0x1001,

                            drives_table[index].bdrv);

            unit_id++;

        }

    }

}

static void pc_init_pci(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,

                        const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,

                        const char *kernel_filename,

                        const char *kernel_cmdline,

                        const char *initrd_filename,

                        const char *cpu_model)

{

    pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds,

             kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,

             initrd_filename, 1, cpu_model);

}

static void pc_init_isa(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,

                        const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,

                        const char *kernel_filename,

                        const char *kernel_cmdline,

                        const char *initrd_filename,

                        const char *cpu_model)

{

    pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds,

             kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,

             initrd_filename, 0, cpu_model);

}

QEMUMachine pc_machine = {

    .name = "pc",

    .desc = "Standard PC",

    .init = pc_init_pci,

    .ram_require = VGA_RAM_SIZE + PC_MAX_BIOS_SIZE,

    .max_cpus = 255,

};

QEMUMachine isapc_machine = {

    .name = "isapc",

    .desc = "ISA-only PC",

    .init = pc_init_isa,

    .ram_require = VGA_RAM_SIZE + PC_MAX_BIOS_SIZE,

    .max_cpus = 1,

};