Archipelago » qemu

qemu-io$(EXESUF): qemu-io.o qemu-io-cmds.o cmd.o $(block-obj-y) libqemuutil.a libqemustub.a

/*

 * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.

 *

 * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.

 * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.

 *

 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.

 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.

 */

#include "qemu-common.h"

#include "block/block_int.h"

#include "cmd.h"

#define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01

int qemuio_misalign;

static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)

{

    char *end;

    return strtosz_suffix(s, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);

}

/*

 * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.

 *

 * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate

 * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.

 */

static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)

{

    char *endptr = NULL;

    long pattern;

    pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);

    if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {

        printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);

        return -1;

    }

    return pattern;

}

/*

 * Memory allocation helpers.

 *

 * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if

 * that is specified on the command line.

 */

#define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16

static void *qemu_io_alloc(BlockDriverState *bs, size_t len, int pattern)

{

    void *buf;

    if (qemuio_misalign) {

        len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;

    }

    buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, len);

    memset(buf, pattern, len);

    if (qemuio_misalign) {

        buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;

    }

    return buf;

}

static void qemu_io_free(void *p)

{

    if (qemuio_misalign) {

        p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;

    }

    qemu_vfree(p);

}

static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int len)

{

    int i, j;

    const uint8_t *p;

    for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {

        const uint8_t *s = p;

        printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);

        for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {

            printf("%02x ", *p);

        }

        printf(" ");

        for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {

            if (isalnum(*s)) {

                printf("%c", *s);

            } else {

                printf(".");

            }

        }

        printf("\n");

    }

}

static void print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,

                         int count, int total, int cnt, int Cflag)

{

    char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];

    timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);

    if (!Cflag) {

        cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));

        cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));

        printf("%s %d/%d bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",

               op, total, count, offset);

        printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",

               s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));

    } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */

        printf("%d,%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",

            total, cnt, ts,

            tdiv((double)total, *t),

            tdiv((double)cnt, *t));

    }

}

/*

 * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O

 * vector matching it.

 */

static void *

create_iovec(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov,

             int pattern)

{

    size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);

    size_t count = 0;

    void *buf = NULL;

    void *p;

    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {

        char *arg = argv[i];

        int64_t len;

        len = cvtnum(arg);

        if (len < 0) {

            printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", arg);

            goto fail;

        }

        /* should be SIZE_T_MAX, but that doesn't exist */

        if (len > INT_MAX) {

            printf("too large length argument -- %s\n", arg);

            goto fail;

        }

        if (len & 0x1ff) {

            printf("length argument %" PRId64

                   " is not sector aligned\n", len);

            goto fail;

        }

        sizes[i] = len;

        count += len;

    }

    qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);

    buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(bs, count, pattern);

    for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {

        qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);

        p += sizes[i];

    }

fail:

    g_free(sizes);

    return buf;

}

static int do_read(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,

                   int *total)

{

    int ret;

    ret = bdrv_read(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);

    if (ret < 0) {

        return ret;

    }

    *total = count;

    return 1;

}

static int do_write(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,

                    int *total)

{

    int ret;

    ret = bdrv_write(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);

    if (ret < 0) {

        return ret;

    }

    *total = count;

    return 1;

}

static int do_pread(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,

                    int *total)

{

    *total = bdrv_pread(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);

    if (*total < 0) {

        return *total;

    }

    return 1;

}

static int do_pwrite(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset, int count,

                     int *total)

{

    *total = bdrv_pwrite(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);

    if (*total < 0) {

        return *total;

    }

    return 1;

}

typedef struct {

    BlockDriverState *bs;

    int64_t offset;

    int count;

    int *total;

    int ret;

    bool done;

} CoWriteZeroes;

static void coroutine_fn co_write_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)

{

    CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;

    data->ret = bdrv_co_write_zeroes(data->bs, data->offset / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,

                                     data->count / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);

    data->done = true;

    if (data->ret < 0) {

        *data->total = data->ret;

        return;

    }

    *data->total = data->count;

}

static int do_co_write_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int count,

                              int *total)

{

    Coroutine *co;

    CoWriteZeroes data = {

        .bs     = bs,

        .offset = offset,

        .count  = count,

        .total  = total,

        .done   = false,

    };

    co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_write_zeroes_entry);

    qemu_coroutine_enter(co, &data);

    while (!data.done) {

        qemu_aio_wait();

    }

    if (data.ret < 0) {

        return data.ret;

    } else {

        return 1;

    }

}

static int do_write_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset,

                               int count, int *total)

{

    int ret;

    ret = bdrv_write_compressed(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);

    if (ret < 0) {

        return ret;

    }

    *total = count;

    return 1;

}

static int do_load_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset,

                           int count, int *total)

{

    *total = bdrv_load_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);

    if (*total < 0) {

        return *total;

    }

    return 1;

}

static int do_save_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, char *buf, int64_t offset,

                           int count, int *total)

{

    *total = bdrv_save_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);

    if (*total < 0) {

        return *total;

    }

    return 1;

}

#define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff

static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)

{

    *(int *)opaque = ret;

}

static int do_aio_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov,

                        int64_t offset, int *total)

{

    int async_ret = NOT_DONE;

    bdrv_aio_readv(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,

                   aio_rw_done, &async_ret);

    while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {

        main_loop_wait(false);

    }

    *total = qiov->size;

    return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;

}

static int do_aio_writev(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov,

                         int64_t offset, int *total)

{

    int async_ret = NOT_DONE;

    bdrv_aio_writev(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,

                    aio_rw_done, &async_ret);

    while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {

        main_loop_wait(false);

    }

    *total = qiov->size;

    return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;

}

struct multiwrite_async_ret {

    int num_done;

    int error;

};

static void multiwrite_cb(void *opaque, int ret)

{

    struct multiwrite_async_ret *async_ret = opaque;

    async_ret->num_done++;

    if (ret < 0) {

        async_ret->error = ret;

    }

}

static int do_aio_multiwrite(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockRequest* reqs,

                             int num_reqs, int *total)

{

    int i, ret;

    struct multiwrite_async_ret async_ret = {

        .num_done = 0,

        .error = 0,

    };

    *total = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < num_reqs; i++) {

        reqs[i].cb = multiwrite_cb;

        reqs[i].opaque = &async_ret;

        *total += reqs[i].qiov->size;

    }

    ret = bdrv_aio_multiwrite(bs, reqs, num_reqs);

    if (ret < 0) {

        return ret;

    }

    while (async_ret.num_done < num_reqs) {

        main_loop_wait(false);

    }

    return async_ret.error < 0 ? async_ret.error : 1;

}

static void read_help(void)

{

    printf(

"\n"

" reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"

"\n"

" Example:\n"

" 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"

"\n"

" Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"

" standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"

" -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"

" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"

" -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"

" -p, -- use bdrv_pread to read the file\n"

" -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"

" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"

" -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"

" -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"

"\n");

}

static int read_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {

    .name       = "read",

    .altname    = "r",

    .cfunc      = read_f,

    .argmin     = 2,

    .argmax     = -1,

    .args       = "[-abCpqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",

    .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",

    .help       = read_help,

};

static int read_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    struct timeval t1, t2;

    int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;

    int Pflag = 0, sflag = 0, lflag = 0, bflag = 0;

    int c, cnt;

    char *buf;

    int64_t offset;

    int count;

    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */

    int total = 0;

    int pattern = 0, pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != EOF) {

        switch (c) {

        case 'b':

            bflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'C':

            Cflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'l':

            lflag = 1;

            pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);

            if (pattern_count < 0) {

                printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        case 'p':

            pflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'P':

            Pflag = 1;

            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);

            if (pattern < 0) {

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        case 'q':

            qflag = 1;

            break;

        case 's':

            sflag = 1;

            pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);

            if (pattern_offset < 0) {

                printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        case 'v':

            vflag = 1;

            break;

        default:

            return command_usage(&read_cmd);

        }

    }

    if (optind != argc - 2) {

        return command_usage(&read_cmd);

    }

    if (bflag && pflag) {

        printf("-b and -p cannot be specified at the same time\n");

        return 0;

    }

    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

    if (offset < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

        return 0;

    }

    optind++;

    count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

    if (count < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

        return 0;

    }

    if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {

        return command_usage(&read_cmd);

    }

    if (!lflag) {

        pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;

    }

    if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {

        printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");

        return 0;

    }

    if (!pflag) {

        if (offset & 0x1ff) {

            printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",

                   offset);

            return 0;

        }

        if (count & 0x1ff) {

            printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",

                   count);

            return 0;

        }

    }

    buf = qemu_io_alloc(bs, count, 0xab);

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);

    if (pflag) {

        cnt = do_pread(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);

    } else if (bflag) {

        cnt = do_load_vmstate(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);

    } else {

        cnt = do_read(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);

    }

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {

        printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));

        goto out;

    }

    if (Pflag) {

        void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);

        memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);

        if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {

            printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"

                   PRId64 ", %d bytes\n",

                   offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);

        }

        g_free(cmp_buf);

    }

    if (qflag) {

        goto out;

    }

    if (vflag) {

        dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);

    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */

    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);

    print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);

out:

    qemu_io_free(buf);

    return 0;

}

static void readv_help(void)

{

    printf(

"\n"

" reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"

"\n"

" Example:\n"

" 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"

"\n"

" Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"

" standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"

" Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"

" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"

" -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"

" -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"

" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"

"\n");

}

static int readv_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {

    .name       = "readv",

    .cfunc      = readv_f,

    .argmin     = 2,

    .argmax     = -1,

    .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",

    .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",

    .help       = readv_help,

};

static int readv_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    struct timeval t1, t2;

    int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;

    int c, cnt;

    char *buf;

    int64_t offset;

    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */

    int total = 0;

    int nr_iov;

    QEMUIOVector qiov;

    int pattern = 0;

    int Pflag = 0;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {

        switch (c) {

        case 'C':

            Cflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'P':

            Pflag = 1;

            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);

            if (pattern < 0) {

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        case 'q':

            qflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'v':

            vflag = 1;

            break;

        default:

            return command_usage(&readv_cmd);

        }

    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {

        return command_usage(&readv_cmd);

    }

    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

    if (offset < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

        return 0;

    }

    optind++;

    if (offset & 0x1ff) {

        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",

               offset);

        return 0;

    }

    nr_iov = argc - optind;

    buf = create_iovec(bs, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);

    if (buf == NULL) {

        return 0;

    }

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);

    cnt = do_aio_readv(bs, &qiov, offset, &total);

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {

        printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));

        goto out;

    }

    if (Pflag) {

        void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);

        memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);

        if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {

            printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"

                   PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);

        }

        g_free(cmp_buf);

    }

    if (qflag) {

        goto out;

    }

    if (vflag) {

        dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);

    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */

    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);

    print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);

out:

    qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);

    qemu_io_free(buf);

    return 0;

}

static void write_help(void)

{

    printf(

"\n"

" writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"

"\n"

" Example:\n"

" 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"

"\n"

" Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"

" filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"

" -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"

" -c, -- write compressed data with bdrv_write_compressed\n"

" -p, -- use bdrv_pwrite to write the file\n"

" -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"

" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"

" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"

" -z, -- write zeroes using bdrv_co_write_zeroes\n"

"\n");

}

static int write_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {

    .name       = "write",

    .altname    = "w",

    .cfunc      = write_f,

    .argmin     = 2,

    .argmax     = -1,

    .args       = "[-bcCpqz] [-P pattern ] off len",

    .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",

    .help       = write_help,

};

static int write_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    struct timeval t1, t2;

    int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, bflag = 0, Pflag = 0, zflag = 0;

    int cflag = 0;

    int c, cnt;

    char *buf = NULL;

    int64_t offset;

    int count;

    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */

    int total = 0;

    int pattern = 0xcd;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCpP:qz")) != EOF) {

        switch (c) {

        case 'b':

            bflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'c':

            cflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'C':

            Cflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'p':

            pflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'P':

            Pflag = 1;

            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);

            if (pattern < 0) {

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        case 'q':

            qflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'z':

            zflag = 1;

            break;

        default:

            return command_usage(&write_cmd);

        }

    }

    if (optind != argc - 2) {

        return command_usage(&write_cmd);

    }

    if (bflag + pflag + zflag > 1) {

        printf("-b, -p, or -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");

        return 0;

    }

    if (zflag && Pflag) {

        printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");

        return 0;

    }

    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

    if (offset < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

        return 0;

    }

    optind++;

    count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

    if (count < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

        return 0;

    }

    if (!pflag) {

        if (offset & 0x1ff) {

            printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",

                   offset);

            return 0;

        }

        if (count & 0x1ff) {

            printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",

                   count);

            return 0;

        }

    }

    if (!zflag) {

        buf = qemu_io_alloc(bs, count, pattern);

    }

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);

    if (pflag) {

        cnt = do_pwrite(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);

    } else if (bflag) {

        cnt = do_save_vmstate(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);

    } else if (zflag) {

        cnt = do_co_write_zeroes(bs, offset, count, &total);

    } else if (cflag) {

        cnt = do_write_compressed(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);

    } else {

        cnt = do_write(bs, buf, offset, count, &total);

    }

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {

        printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));

        goto out;

    }

    if (qflag) {

        goto out;

    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */

    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);

    print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);

out:

    if (!zflag) {

        qemu_io_free(buf);

    }

    return 0;

}

static void

writev_help(void)

{

    printf(

"\n"

" writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"

"\n"

" Example:\n"

" 'write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"

"\n"

" Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"

" filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"

" -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"

" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"

" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"

"\n");

}

static int writev_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {

    .name       = "writev",

    .cfunc      = writev_f,

    .argmin     = 2,

    .argmax     = -1,

    .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",

    .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",

    .help       = writev_help,

};

static int writev_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    struct timeval t1, t2;

    int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;

    int c, cnt;

    char *buf;

    int64_t offset;

    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */

    int total = 0;

    int nr_iov;

    int pattern = 0xcd;

    QEMUIOVector qiov;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {

        switch (c) {

        case 'C':

            Cflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'q':

            qflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'P':

            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);

            if (pattern < 0) {

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        default:

            return command_usage(&writev_cmd);

        }

    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {

        return command_usage(&writev_cmd);

    }

    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

    if (offset < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

        return 0;

    }

    optind++;

    if (offset & 0x1ff) {

        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",

               offset);

        return 0;

    }

    nr_iov = argc - optind;

    buf = create_iovec(bs, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);

    if (buf == NULL) {

        return 0;

    }

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);

    cnt = do_aio_writev(bs, &qiov, offset, &total);

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {

        printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));

        goto out;

    }

    if (qflag) {

        goto out;

    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */

    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);

    print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);

out:

    qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);

    qemu_io_free(buf);

    return 0;

}

static void multiwrite_help(void)

{

    printf(

"\n"

" writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers,\n"

" in a batch of requests that may be merged by qemu\n"

"\n"

" Example:\n"

" 'multiwrite 512 1k 1k ; 4k 1k'\n"

"  writes 2 kB at 512 bytes and 1 kB at 4 kB into the open file\n"

"\n"

" Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"

" filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd). The pattern byte is increased\n"

" by one for each request contained in the multiwrite command.\n"

" -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"

" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"

" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"

"\n");

}

static int multiwrite_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t multiwrite_cmd = {

    .name       = "multiwrite",

    .cfunc      = multiwrite_f,

    .argmin     = 2,

    .argmax     = -1,

    .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..] [; off len [len..]..]",

    .oneline    = "issues multiple write requests at once",

    .help       = multiwrite_help,

};

static int multiwrite_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    struct timeval t1, t2;

    int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;

    int c, cnt;

    char **buf;

    int64_t offset, first_offset = 0;

    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */

    int total = 0;

    int nr_iov;

    int nr_reqs;

    int pattern = 0xcd;

    QEMUIOVector *qiovs;

    int i;

    BlockRequest *reqs;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {

        switch (c) {

        case 'C':

            Cflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'q':

            qflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'P':

            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);

            if (pattern < 0) {

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        default:

            return command_usage(&writev_cmd);

        }

    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {

        return command_usage(&writev_cmd);

    }

    nr_reqs = 1;

    for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {

        if (!strcmp(argv[i], ";")) {

            nr_reqs++;

        }

    }

    reqs = g_malloc0(nr_reqs * sizeof(*reqs));

    buf = g_malloc0(nr_reqs * sizeof(*buf));

    qiovs = g_malloc(nr_reqs * sizeof(*qiovs));

    for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs && optind < argc; i++) {

        int j;

        /* Read the offset of the request */

        offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

        if (offset < 0) {

            printf("non-numeric offset argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

            goto out;

        }

        optind++;

        if (offset & 0x1ff) {

            printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",

                   (long long)offset);

            goto out;

        }

        if (i == 0) {

            first_offset = offset;

        }

        /* Read lengths for qiov entries */

        for (j = optind; j < argc; j++) {

            if (!strcmp(argv[j], ";")) {

                break;

            }

        }

        nr_iov = j - optind;

        /* Build request */

        buf[i] = create_iovec(bs, &qiovs[i], &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);

        if (buf[i] == NULL) {

            goto out;

        }

        reqs[i].qiov = &qiovs[i];

        reqs[i].sector = offset >> 9;

        reqs[i].nb_sectors = reqs[i].qiov->size >> 9;

        optind = j + 1;

        pattern++;

    }

    /* If there were empty requests at the end, ignore them */

    nr_reqs = i;

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);

    cnt = do_aio_multiwrite(bs, reqs, nr_reqs, &total);

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {

        printf("aio_multiwrite failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));

        goto out;

    }

    if (qflag) {

        goto out;

    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */

    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);

    print_report("wrote", &t2, first_offset, total, total, cnt, Cflag);

out:

    for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs; i++) {

        qemu_io_free(buf[i]);

        if (reqs[i].qiov != NULL) {

            qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiovs[i]);

        }

    }

    g_free(buf);

    g_free(reqs);

    g_free(qiovs);

    return 0;

}

struct aio_ctx {

    QEMUIOVector qiov;

    int64_t offset;

    char *buf;

    int qflag;

    int vflag;

    int Cflag;

    int Pflag;

    int pattern;

    struct timeval t1;

};

static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)

{

    struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;

    struct timeval t2;

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (ret < 0) {

        printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));

        goto out;

    }

    if (ctx->qflag) {

        goto out;

    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */

    t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);

    print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,

                 ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);

out:

    qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);

    qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);

    g_free(ctx);

}

static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)

{

    struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;

    struct timeval t2;

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (ret < 0) {

        printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));

        goto out;

    }

    if (ctx->Pflag) {

        void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);

        memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);

        if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {

            printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"

                   PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);

        }

        g_free(cmp_buf);

    }

    if (ctx->qflag) {

        goto out;

    }

    if (ctx->vflag) {

        dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);

    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */

    t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);

    print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,

                 ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);

out:

    qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);

    qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);

    g_free(ctx);

}

static void aio_read_help(void)

{

    printf(

"\n"

" asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"

"\n"

" Example:\n"

" 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"

"\n"

" Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"

" standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"

" The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"

" used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"

" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"

" -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"

" -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"

" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"

"\n");

}

static int aio_read_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {

    .name       = "aio_read",

    .cfunc      = aio_read_f,

    .argmin     = 2,

    .argmax     = -1,

    .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",

    .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",

    .help       = aio_read_help,

};

static int aio_read_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    int nr_iov, c;

    struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {

        switch (c) {

        case 'C':

            ctx->Cflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'P':

            ctx->Pflag = 1;

            ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);

            if (ctx->pattern < 0) {

                g_free(ctx);

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        case 'q':

            ctx->qflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'v':

            ctx->vflag = 1;

            break;

        default:

            g_free(ctx);

            return command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);

        }

    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {

        g_free(ctx);

        return command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);

    }

    ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

    if (ctx->offset < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

        g_free(ctx);

        return 0;

    }

    optind++;

    if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {

        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",

               ctx->offset);

        g_free(ctx);

        return 0;

    }

    nr_iov = argc - optind;

    ctx->buf = create_iovec(bs, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);

    if (ctx->buf == NULL) {

        g_free(ctx);

        return 0;

    }

    gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);

    bdrv_aio_readv(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,

                   ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_read_done, ctx);

    return 0;

}

static void aio_write_help(void)

{

    printf(

"\n"

" asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"

" from multiple buffers\n"

"\n"

" Example:\n"

" 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"

"\n"

" Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"

" filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"

" The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"

" used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"

" -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"

" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"

" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"

"\n");

}

static int aio_write_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {

    .name       = "aio_write",

    .cfunc      = aio_write_f,

    .argmin     = 2,

    .argmax     = -1,

    .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",

    .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",

    .help       = aio_write_help,

};

static int aio_write_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    int nr_iov, c;

    int pattern = 0xcd;

    struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {

        switch (c) {

        case 'C':

            ctx->Cflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'q':

            ctx->qflag = 1;

            break;

        case 'P':

            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);

            if (pattern < 0) {

                g_free(ctx);

                return 0;

            }

            break;

        default:

            g_free(ctx);

            return command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);

        }

    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {

        g_free(ctx);

        return command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);

    }

    ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);

    if (ctx->offset < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);

        g_free(ctx);

        return 0;

    }

    optind++;

    if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {

        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",

               ctx->offset);

        g_free(ctx);

        return 0;

    }

    nr_iov = argc - optind;

    ctx->buf = create_iovec(bs, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);

    if (ctx->buf == NULL) {

        g_free(ctx);

        return 0;

    }

    gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);

    bdrv_aio_writev(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,

                    ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_write_done, ctx);

    return 0;

}

static int aio_flush_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    bdrv_drain_all();

    return 0;

}

static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {

    .name       = "aio_flush",

    .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,

    .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"

};

static int flush_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    bdrv_flush(bs);

    return 0;

}

static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {

    .name       = "flush",

    .altname    = "f",

    .cfunc      = flush_f,

    .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",

};

static int truncate_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    int64_t offset;

    int ret;

    offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);

    if (offset < 0) {

        printf("non-numeric truncate argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);

        return 0;

    }

    ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, offset);

    if (ret < 0) {

        printf("truncate: %s\n", strerror(-ret));

        return 0;

    }

    return 0;

}

static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {

    .name       = "truncate",

    .altname    = "t",

    .cfunc      = truncate_f,

    .argmin     = 1,

    .argmax     = 1,

    .args       = "off",

    .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",

};

static int length_f(BlockDriverState *bs, int argc, char **argv)

{

    int64_t size;

    char s1[64];

    size = bdrv_getlength(bs);

    if (size < 0) {

        printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));

        return 0;

    }

    cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));

    printf("%s\n", s1);

    return 0;

}

static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {

    .name   = "length",

    .altname    = "l",

    .cfunc      = length_f,

    .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",

};