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\input texinfo @c -*- texinfo -*- |
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|
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@iftex |
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@settitle QEMU CPU Emulator User Documentation |
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@titlepage |
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@sp 7 |
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@center @titlefont{QEMU CPU Emulator User Documentation} |
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@sp 3 |
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@end titlepage |
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@end iftex |
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|
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@chapter Introduction |
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|
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@section Features |
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|
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QEMU is a FAST! processor emulator using dynamic translation to |
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achieve good emulation speed. |
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|
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QEMU has two operating modes: |
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|
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@itemize @minus |
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|
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@item |
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Full system emulation. In this mode, QEMU emulates a full system (for |
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example a PC), including a processor and various peripherals. It can |
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be used to launch different Operating Systems without rebooting the |
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PC or to debug system code. |
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|
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@item |
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User mode emulation (Linux host only). In this mode, QEMU can launch |
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Linux processes compiled for one CPU on another CPU. It can be used to |
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launch the Wine Windows API emulator (@url{http://www.winehq.org}) or |
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to ease cross-compilation and cross-debugging. |
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|
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@end itemize |
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|
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QEMU can run without an host kernel driver and yet gives acceptable |
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performance. |
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|
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For system emulation, the following hardware targets are supported: |
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@itemize |
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@item PC (x86 or x86_64 processor) |
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@item PREP (PowerPC processor) |
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@item G3 BW PowerMac (PowerPC processor) |
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@item Mac99 PowerMac (PowerPC processor, in progress) |
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@item Sun4m (32-bit Sparc processor) |
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@item Sun4u (64-bit Sparc processor, in progress) |
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@item Malta board (32-bit MIPS processor, in progress) |
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@end itemize |
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|
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For user emulation, x86, PowerPC, ARM, and Sparc32/64 CPUs are supported. |
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|
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@chapter Installation |
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|
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If you want to compile QEMU yourself, see @ref{compilation}. |
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|
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@section Linux |
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|
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If a precompiled package is available for your distribution - you just |
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have to install it. Otherwise, see @ref{compilation}. |
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|
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@section Windows |
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|
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Download the experimental binary installer at |
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@url{http://www.freeoszoo.org/download.php}. |
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|
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@section Mac OS X |
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|
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Download the experimental binary installer at |
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@url{http://www.freeoszoo.org/download.php}. |
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|
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@chapter QEMU PC System emulator invocation |
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|
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@section Introduction |
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|
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@c man begin DESCRIPTION |
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|
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The QEMU System emulator simulates the |
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following PC peripherals: |
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|
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@itemize @minus |
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@item |
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i440FX host PCI bridge and PIIX3 PCI to ISA bridge |
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@item |
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Cirrus CLGD 5446 PCI VGA card or dummy VGA card with Bochs VESA |
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extensions (hardware level, including all non standard modes). |
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@item |
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PS/2 mouse and keyboard |
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@item |
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2 PCI IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
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@item |
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Floppy disk |
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@item |
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NE2000 PCI network adapters |
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@item |
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Serial ports |
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@item |
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Soundblaster 16 card |
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@end itemize |
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|
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QEMU uses the PC BIOS from the Bochs project and the Plex86/Bochs LGPL |
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VGA BIOS. |
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|
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@c man end |
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|
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@section Quick Start |
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|
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Download and uncompress the linux image (@file{linux.img}) and type: |
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|
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@example |
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qemu linux.img |
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@end example |
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|
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Linux should boot and give you a prompt. |
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|
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@section Invocation |
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|
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@example |
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@c man begin SYNOPSIS |
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usage: qemu [options] [disk_image] |
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@c man end |
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@end example |
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|
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@c man begin OPTIONS |
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@var{disk_image} is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0. |
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|
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General options: |
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@table @option |
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@item -fda file |
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@item -fdb file |
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Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@xref{disk_images}). You can |
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use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename. |
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|
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@item -hda file |
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@item -hdb file |
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@item -hdc file |
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@item -hdd file |
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Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@xref{disk_images}). |
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|
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@item -cdrom file |
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Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and and |
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@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by |
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using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename. |
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|
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@item -boot [a|c|d] |
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Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c) or CD-ROM (d). Hard disk boot is |
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the default. |
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|
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@item -snapshot |
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Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, |
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the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force |
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the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@xref{disk_images}). |
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|
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@item -m megs |
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Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MB. |
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|
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@item -nographic |
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|
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Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, |
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you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple |
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command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on |
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the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel |
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with a serial console. |
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|
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@item -k language |
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|
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Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for |
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French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC |
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keycodes (e.g. on Macs or with some X11 servers). You don't need to |
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use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows hosts. |
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|
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The available layouts are: |
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@example |
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ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv |
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da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th |
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de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr |
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@end example |
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|
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The default is @code{en-us}. |
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|
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@item -enable-audio |
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|
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The SB16 emulation is disabled by default as it may give problems with |
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Windows. You can enable it manually with this option. |
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|
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@item -localtime |
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Set the real time clock to local time (the default is to UTC |
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time). This option is needed to have correct date in MS-DOS or |
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Windows. |
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|
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@item -full-screen |
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Start in full screen. |
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|
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@item -pidfile file |
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Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU |
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from a script. |
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|
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@item -win2k-hack |
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Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After |
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Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option |
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slows down the IDE transfers). |
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|
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@end table |
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|
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Network options: |
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|
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@table @option |
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|
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@item -n script |
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Set TUN/TAP network init script [default=/etc/qemu-ifup]. This script |
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is launched to configure the host network interface (usually tun0) |
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corresponding to the virtual NE2000 card. |
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|
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@item -nics n |
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|
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Simulate @var{n} network cards (the default is 1). |
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|
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@item -macaddr addr |
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|
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Set the mac address of the first interface (the format is |
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aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff in hexa). The mac address is incremented for each |
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new network interface. |
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|
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@item -tun-fd fd |
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Assumes @var{fd} talks to a tap/tun host network interface and use |
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it. Read @url{http://bellard.org/qemu/tetrinet.html} to have an |
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example of its use. |
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|
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@item -user-net |
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Use the user mode network stack. This is the default if no tun/tap |
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network init script is found. |
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|
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@item -tftp prefix |
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When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP |
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server. All filenames beginning with @var{prefix} can be downloaded |
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from the host to the guest using a TFTP client. The TFTP client on the |
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guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command @code{bin} of |
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the Unix TFTP client). The host IP address on the guest is as usual |
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10.0.2.2. |
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|
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@item -smb dir |
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When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB |
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server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{dir} |
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transparently. |
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|
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In the guest Windows OS, the line: |
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@example |
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10.0.2.4 smbserver |
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@end example |
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must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me) |
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or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000). |
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|
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Then @file{dir} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}. |
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|
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Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in |
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@file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested succesfully with smbd version |
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2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9. |
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|
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@item -redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port |
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|
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When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming TCP or UDP |
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connections to the host port @var{host-port} to the guest |
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@var{guest-host} on guest port @var{guest-port}. If @var{guest-host} |
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is not specified, its value is 10.0.2.15 (default address given by the |
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built-in DHCP server). |
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|
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For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest |
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screen 0, use the following: |
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|
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@example |
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# on the host |
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qemu -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...] |
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# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server |
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xterm -display :1 |
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@end example |
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|
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To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on |
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the guest, use the following: |
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|
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@example |
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# on the host |
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qemu -redir tcp:5555::23 [...] |
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telnet localhost 5555 |
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@end example |
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|
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Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you |
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connect to the guest telnet server. |
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|
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@item -dummy-net |
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Use the dummy network stack: no packet will be received by the network |
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cards. |
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|
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@end table |
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|
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Linux boot specific. When using this options, you can use a given |
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Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful |
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for easier testing of various kernels. |
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|
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@table @option |
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|
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@item -kernel bzImage |
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Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. |
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|
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@item -append cmdline |
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Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line |
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|
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@item -initrd file |
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Use @var{file} as initial ram disk. |
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|
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@end table |
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|
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Debug/Expert options: |
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@table @option |
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|
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@item -serial dev |
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Redirect the virtual serial port to host device @var{dev}. Available |
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devices are: |
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@table @code |
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@item vc |
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Virtual console |
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@item pty |
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[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated) |
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@item null |
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void device |
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@item stdio |
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[Unix only] standard input/output |
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@end table |
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The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in |
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non graphical mode. |
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|
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This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serials |
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ports. |
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|
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@item -monitor dev |
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Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the |
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serial port). |
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The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in |
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non graphical mode. |
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|
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@item -s |
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Wait gdb connection to port 1234 (@xref{gdb_usage}). |
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@item -p port |
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Change gdb connection port. |
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@item -S |
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Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor). |
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@item -d |
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Output log in /tmp/qemu.log |
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@item -hdachs c,h,s,[,t] |
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Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <= |
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@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS |
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translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess |
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all thoses parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk |
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images. |
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|
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@item -isa |
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Simulate an ISA-only system (default is PCI system). |
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@item -std-vga |
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Simulate a standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions (default is |
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Cirrus Logic GD5446 PCI VGA) |
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@item -loadvm file |
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Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor) |
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@end table |
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|
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@c man end |
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|
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@section Keys |
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|
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@c man begin OPTIONS |
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|
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During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys: |
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@table @key |
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@item Ctrl-Alt-f |
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Toggle full screen |
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|
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@item Ctrl-Alt-n |
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Switch to virtual console 'n'. Standard console mappings are: |
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@table @emph |
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@item 1 |
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Target system display |
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@item 2 |
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Monitor |
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@item 3 |
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Serial port |
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@end table |
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|
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@item Ctrl-Alt |
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Toggle mouse and keyboard grab. |
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@end table |
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|
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In the virtual consoles, you can use @key{Ctrl-Up}, @key{Ctrl-Down}, |
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@key{Ctrl-PageUp} and @key{Ctrl-PageDown} to move in the back log. |
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|
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During emulation, if you are using the @option{-nographic} option, use |
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@key{Ctrl-a h} to get terminal commands: |
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|
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@table @key |
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@item Ctrl-a h |
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Print this help |
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@item Ctrl-a x |
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Exit emulatior |
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@item Ctrl-a s |
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Save disk data back to file (if -snapshot) |
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@item Ctrl-a b |
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Send break (magic sysrq in Linux) |
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@item Ctrl-a c |
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Switch between console and monitor |
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@item Ctrl-a Ctrl-a |
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Send Ctrl-a |
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@end table |
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@c man end |
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|
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@ignore |
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|
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@setfilename qemu |
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@settitle QEMU System Emulator |
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|
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@c man begin SEEALSO |
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The HTML documentation of QEMU for more precise information and Linux |
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user mode emulator invocation. |
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@c man end |
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|
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@c man begin AUTHOR |
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Fabrice Bellard |
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@c man end |
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|
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@end ignore |
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|
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@end ignore |
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|
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@section QEMU Monitor |
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|
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The QEMU monitor is used to give complex commands to the QEMU |
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emulator. You can use it to: |
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|
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@itemize @minus |
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|
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@item |
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Remove or insert removable medias images |
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(such as CD-ROM or floppies) |
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|
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@item |
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Freeze/unfreeze the Virtual Machine (VM) and save or restore its state |
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from a disk file. |
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|
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@item Inspect the VM state without an external debugger. |
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|
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@end itemize |
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|
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@subsection Commands |
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|
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The following commands are available: |
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|
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@table @option |
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|
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@item help or ? [cmd] |
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Show the help for all commands or just for command @var{cmd}. |
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|
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@item commit |
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Commit changes to the disk images (if -snapshot is used) |
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|
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@item info subcommand |
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show various information about the system state |
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|
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@table @option |
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@item info network |
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show the network state |
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@item info block |
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show the block devices |
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@item info registers |
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show the cpu registers |
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@item info history |
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show the command line history |
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@end table |
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|
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@item q or quit |
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Quit the emulator. |
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|
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@item eject [-f] device |
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Eject a removable media (use -f to force it). |
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|
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@item change device filename |
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Change a removable media. |
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|
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@item screendump filename |
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Save screen into PPM image @var{filename}. |
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|
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@item log item1[,...] |
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Activate logging of the specified items to @file{/tmp/qemu.log}. |
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|
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@item savevm filename |
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Save the whole virtual machine state to @var{filename}. |
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|
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@item loadvm filename |
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Restore the whole virtual machine state from @var{filename}. |
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|
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@item stop |
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Stop emulation. |
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|
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@item c or cont |
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Resume emulation. |
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|
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@item gdbserver [port] |
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Start gdbserver session (default port=1234) |
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|
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@item x/fmt addr |
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Virtual memory dump starting at @var{addr}. |
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|
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@item xp /fmt addr |
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Physical memory dump starting at @var{addr}. |
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|
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@var{fmt} is a format which tells the command how to format the |
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data. Its syntax is: @option{/@{count@}@{format@}@{size@}} |
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|
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@table @var |
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@item count |
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is the number of items to be dumped. |
517 |
|
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@item format |
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can be x (hexa), d (signed decimal), u (unsigned decimal), o (octal), |
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c (char) or i (asm instruction). |
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|
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@item size |
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can be b (8 bits), h (16 bits), w (32 bits) or g (64 bits). On x86, |
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@code{h} or @code{w} can be specified with the @code{i} format to |
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respectively select 16 or 32 bit code instruction size. |
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|
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@end table |
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|
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Examples: |
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@itemize |
531 |
@item |
532 |
Dump 10 instructions at the current instruction pointer: |
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@example |
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(qemu) x/10i $eip |
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0x90107063: ret |
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0x90107064: sti |
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0x90107065: lea 0x0(%esi,1),%esi |
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0x90107069: lea 0x0(%edi,1),%edi |
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0x90107070: ret |
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0x90107071: jmp 0x90107080 |
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0x90107073: nop |
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0x90107074: nop |
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0x90107075: nop |
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0x90107076: nop |
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@end example |
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|
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@item |
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Dump 80 16 bit values at the start of the video memory. |
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@example |
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(qemu) xp/80hx 0xb8000 |
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0x000b8000: 0x0b50 0x0b6c 0x0b65 0x0b78 0x0b38 0x0b36 0x0b2f 0x0b42 |
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0x000b8010: 0x0b6f 0x0b63 0x0b68 0x0b73 0x0b20 0x0b56 0x0b47 0x0b41 |
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0x000b8020: 0x0b42 0x0b69 0x0b6f 0x0b73 0x0b20 0x0b63 0x0b75 0x0b72 |
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0x000b8030: 0x0b72 0x0b65 0x0b6e 0x0b74 0x0b2d 0x0b63 0x0b76 0x0b73 |
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0x000b8040: 0x0b20 0x0b30 0x0b35 0x0b20 0x0b4e 0x0b6f 0x0b76 0x0b20 |
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0x000b8050: 0x0b32 0x0b30 0x0b30 0x0b33 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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0x000b8060: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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0x000b8070: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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0x000b8080: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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0x000b8090: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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@end example |
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@end itemize |
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|
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@item p or print/fmt expr |
565 |
|
566 |
Print expression value. Only the @var{format} part of @var{fmt} is |
567 |
used. |
568 |
|
569 |
@item sendkey keys |
570 |
|
571 |
Send @var{keys} to the emulator. Use @code{-} to press several keys |
572 |
simultaneously. Example: |
573 |
@example |
574 |
sendkey ctrl-alt-f1 |
575 |
@end example |
576 |
|
577 |
This command is useful to send keys that your graphical user interface |
578 |
intercepts at low level, such as @code{ctrl-alt-f1} in X Window. |
579 |
|
580 |
@item system_reset |
581 |
|
582 |
Reset the system. |
583 |
|
584 |
@end table |
585 |
|
586 |
@subsection Integer expressions |
587 |
|
588 |
The monitor understands integers expressions for every integer |
589 |
argument. You can use register names to get the value of specifics |
590 |
CPU registers by prefixing them with @emph{$}. |
591 |
|
592 |
@node disk_images |
593 |
@section Disk Images |
594 |
|
595 |
Since version 0.6.1, QEMU supports many disk image formats, including |
596 |
growable disk images (their size increase as non empty sectors are |
597 |
written), compressed and encrypted disk images. |
598 |
|
599 |
@subsection Quick start for disk image creation |
600 |
|
601 |
You can create a disk image with the command: |
602 |
@example |
603 |
qemu-img create myimage.img mysize |
604 |
@end example |
605 |
where @var{myimage.img} is the disk image filename and @var{mysize} is its |
606 |
size in kilobytes. You can add an @code{M} suffix to give the size in |
607 |
megabytes and a @code{G} suffix for gigabytes. |
608 |
|
609 |
@xref{qemu_img_invocation} for more information. |
610 |
|
611 |
@subsection Snapshot mode |
612 |
|
613 |
If you use the option @option{-snapshot}, all disk images are |
614 |
considered as read only. When sectors in written, they are written in |
615 |
a temporary file created in @file{/tmp}. You can however force the |
616 |
write back to the raw disk images by using the @code{commit} monitor |
617 |
command (or @key{C-a s} in the serial console). |
618 |
|
619 |
@node qemu_img_invocation |
620 |
@subsection @code{qemu-img} Invocation |
621 |
|
622 |
@include qemu-img.texi |
623 |
|
624 |
@section Network emulation |
625 |
|
626 |
QEMU simulates up to 6 networks cards (NE2000 boards). Each card can |
627 |
be connected to a specific host network interface. |
628 |
|
629 |
@subsection Using tun/tap network interface |
630 |
|
631 |
This is the standard way to emulate network. QEMU adds a virtual |
632 |
network device on your host (called @code{tun0}), and you can then |
633 |
configure it as if it was a real ethernet card. |
634 |
|
635 |
As an example, you can download the @file{linux-test-xxx.tar.gz} |
636 |
archive and copy the script @file{qemu-ifup} in @file{/etc} and |
637 |
configure properly @code{sudo} so that the command @code{ifconfig} |
638 |
contained in @file{qemu-ifup} can be executed as root. You must verify |
639 |
that your host kernel supports the TUN/TAP network interfaces: the |
640 |
device @file{/dev/net/tun} must be present. |
641 |
|
642 |
See @ref{direct_linux_boot} to have an example of network use with a |
643 |
Linux distribution. |
644 |
|
645 |
@subsection Using the user mode network stack |
646 |
|
647 |
By using the option @option{-user-net} or if you have no tun/tap init |
648 |
script, QEMU uses a completely user mode network stack (you don't need |
649 |
root priviledge to use the virtual network). The virtual network |
650 |
configuration is the following: |
651 |
|
652 |
@example |
653 |
|
654 |
QEMU Virtual Machine <------> Firewall/DHCP server <-----> Internet |
655 |
(10.0.2.x) | (10.0.2.2) |
656 |
| |
657 |
----> DNS server (10.0.2.3) |
658 |
| |
659 |
----> SMB server (10.0.2.4) |
660 |
@end example |
661 |
|
662 |
The QEMU VM behaves as if it was behind a firewall which blocks all |
663 |
incoming connections. You can use a DHCP client to automatically |
664 |
configure the network in the QEMU VM. |
665 |
|
666 |
In order to check that the user mode network is working, you can ping |
667 |
the address 10.0.2.2 and verify that you got an address in the range |
668 |
10.0.2.x from the QEMU virtual DHCP server. |
669 |
|
670 |
Note that @code{ping} is not supported reliably to the internet as it |
671 |
would require root priviledges. It means you can only ping the local |
672 |
router (10.0.2.2). |
673 |
|
674 |
When using the built-in TFTP server, the router is also the TFTP |
675 |
server. |
676 |
|
677 |
When using the @option{-redir} option, TCP or UDP connections can be |
678 |
redirected from the host to the guest. It allows for example to |
679 |
redirect X11, telnet or SSH connections. |
680 |
|
681 |
@node direct_linux_boot |
682 |
@section Direct Linux Boot |
683 |
|
684 |
This section explains how to launch a Linux kernel inside QEMU without |
685 |
having to make a full bootable image. It is very useful for fast Linux |
686 |
kernel testing. The QEMU network configuration is also explained. |
687 |
|
688 |
@enumerate |
689 |
@item |
690 |
Download the archive @file{linux-test-xxx.tar.gz} containing a Linux |
691 |
kernel and a disk image. |
692 |
|
693 |
@item Optional: If you want network support (for example to launch X11 examples), you |
694 |
must copy the script @file{qemu-ifup} in @file{/etc} and configure |
695 |
properly @code{sudo} so that the command @code{ifconfig} contained in |
696 |
@file{qemu-ifup} can be executed as root. You must verify that your host |
697 |
kernel supports the TUN/TAP network interfaces: the device |
698 |
@file{/dev/net/tun} must be present. |
699 |
|
700 |
When network is enabled, there is a virtual network connection between |
701 |
the host kernel and the emulated kernel. The emulated kernel is seen |
702 |
from the host kernel at IP address 172.20.0.2 and the host kernel is |
703 |
seen from the emulated kernel at IP address 172.20.0.1. |
704 |
|
705 |
@item Launch @code{qemu.sh}. You should have the following output: |
706 |
|
707 |
@example |
708 |
> ./qemu.sh |
709 |
Connected to host network interface: tun0 |
710 |
Linux version 2.4.21 (bellard@voyager.localdomain) (gcc version 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-5)) #5 Tue Nov 11 18:18:53 CET 2003 |
711 |
BIOS-provided physical RAM map: |
712 |
BIOS-e801: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f000 (usable) |
713 |
BIOS-e801: 0000000000100000 - 0000000002000000 (usable) |
714 |
32MB LOWMEM available. |
715 |
On node 0 totalpages: 8192 |
716 |
zone(0): 4096 pages. |
717 |
zone(1): 4096 pages. |
718 |
zone(2): 0 pages. |
719 |
Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda sb=0x220,5,1,5 ide2=noprobe ide3=noprobe ide4=noprobe ide5=noprobe console=ttyS0 |
720 |
ide_setup: ide2=noprobe |
721 |
ide_setup: ide3=noprobe |
722 |
ide_setup: ide4=noprobe |
723 |
ide_setup: ide5=noprobe |
724 |
Initializing CPU#0 |
725 |
Detected 2399.621 MHz processor. |
726 |
Console: colour EGA 80x25 |
727 |
Calibrating delay loop... 4744.80 BogoMIPS |
728 |
Memory: 28872k/32768k available (1210k kernel code, 3508k reserved, 266k data, 64k init, 0k highmem) |
729 |
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) |
730 |
Inode cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) |
731 |
Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) |
732 |
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) |
733 |
Page-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) |
734 |
CPU: Intel Pentium Pro stepping 03 |
735 |
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK. |
736 |
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX |
737 |
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4 |
738 |
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039 |
739 |
Initializing RT netlink socket |
740 |
apm: BIOS not found. |
741 |
Starting kswapd |
742 |
Journalled Block Device driver loaded |
743 |
Detected PS/2 Mouse Port. |
744 |
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured |
745 |
Serial driver version 5.05c (2001-07-08) with no serial options enabled |
746 |
ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16450 |
747 |
ne.c:v1.10 9/23/94 Donald Becker (becker@scyld.com) |
748 |
Last modified Nov 1, 2000 by Paul Gortmaker |
749 |
NE*000 ethercard probe at 0x300: 52 54 00 12 34 56 |
750 |
eth0: NE2000 found at 0x300, using IRQ 9. |
751 |
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize |
752 |
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00beta4-2.4 |
753 |
ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx |
754 |
hda: QEMU HARDDISK, ATA DISK drive |
755 |
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14 |
756 |
hda: attached ide-disk driver. |
757 |
hda: 20480 sectors (10 MB) w/256KiB Cache, CHS=20/16/63 |
758 |
Partition check: |
759 |
hda: |
760 |
Soundblaster audio driver Copyright (C) by Hannu Savolainen 1993-1996 |
761 |
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0 |
762 |
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP |
763 |
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes |
764 |
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 4096) |
765 |
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0. |
766 |
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended |
767 |
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem). |
768 |
Freeing unused kernel memory: 64k freed |
769 |
|
770 |
Linux version 2.4.21 (bellard@voyager.localdomain) (gcc version 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-5)) #5 Tue Nov 11 18:18:53 CET 2003 |
771 |
|
772 |
QEMU Linux test distribution (based on Redhat 9) |
773 |
|
774 |
Type 'exit' to halt the system |
775 |
|
776 |
sh-2.05b# |
777 |
@end example |
778 |
|
779 |
@item |
780 |
Then you can play with the kernel inside the virtual serial console. You |
781 |
can launch @code{ls} for example. Type @key{Ctrl-a h} to have an help |
782 |
about the keys you can type inside the virtual serial console. In |
783 |
particular, use @key{Ctrl-a x} to exit QEMU and use @key{Ctrl-a b} as |
784 |
the Magic SysRq key. |
785 |
|
786 |
@item |
787 |
If the network is enabled, launch the script @file{/etc/linuxrc} in the |
788 |
emulator (don't forget the leading dot): |
789 |
@example |
790 |
. /etc/linuxrc |
791 |
@end example |
792 |
|
793 |
Then enable X11 connections on your PC from the emulated Linux: |
794 |
@example |
795 |
xhost +172.20.0.2 |
796 |
@end example |
797 |
|
798 |
You can now launch @file{xterm} or @file{xlogo} and verify that you have |
799 |
a real Virtual Linux system ! |
800 |
|
801 |
@end enumerate |
802 |
|
803 |
NOTES: |
804 |
@enumerate |
805 |
@item |
806 |
A 2.5.74 kernel is also included in the archive. Just |
807 |
replace the bzImage in qemu.sh to try it. |
808 |
|
809 |
@item |
810 |
In order to exit cleanly from qemu, you can do a @emph{shutdown} inside |
811 |
qemu. qemu will automatically exit when the Linux shutdown is done. |
812 |
|
813 |
@item |
814 |
You can boot slightly faster by disabling the probe of non present IDE |
815 |
interfaces. To do so, add the following options on the kernel command |
816 |
line: |
817 |
@example |
818 |
ide1=noprobe ide2=noprobe ide3=noprobe ide4=noprobe ide5=noprobe |
819 |
@end example |
820 |
|
821 |
@item |
822 |
The example disk image is a modified version of the one made by Kevin |
823 |
Lawton for the plex86 Project (@url{www.plex86.org}). |
824 |
|
825 |
@end enumerate |
826 |
|
827 |
@node gdb_usage |
828 |
@section GDB usage |
829 |
|
830 |
QEMU has a primitive support to work with gdb, so that you can do |
831 |
'Ctrl-C' while the virtual machine is running and inspect its state. |
832 |
|
833 |
In order to use gdb, launch qemu with the '-s' option. It will wait for a |
834 |
gdb connection: |
835 |
@example |
836 |
> qemu -s -kernel arch/i386/boot/bzImage -hda root-2.4.20.img -append "root=/dev/hda" |
837 |
Connected to host network interface: tun0 |
838 |
Waiting gdb connection on port 1234 |
839 |
@end example |
840 |
|
841 |
Then launch gdb on the 'vmlinux' executable: |
842 |
@example |
843 |
> gdb vmlinux |
844 |
@end example |
845 |
|
846 |
In gdb, connect to QEMU: |
847 |
@example |
848 |
(gdb) target remote localhost:1234 |
849 |
@end example |
850 |
|
851 |
Then you can use gdb normally. For example, type 'c' to launch the kernel: |
852 |
@example |
853 |
(gdb) c |
854 |
@end example |
855 |
|
856 |
Here are some useful tips in order to use gdb on system code: |
857 |
|
858 |
@enumerate |
859 |
@item |
860 |
Use @code{info reg} to display all the CPU registers. |
861 |
@item |
862 |
Use @code{x/10i $eip} to display the code at the PC position. |
863 |
@item |
864 |
Use @code{set architecture i8086} to dump 16 bit code. Then use |
865 |
@code{x/10i $cs*16+*eip} to dump the code at the PC position. |
866 |
@end enumerate |
867 |
|
868 |
@section Target OS specific information |
869 |
|
870 |
@subsection Linux |
871 |
|
872 |
To have access to SVGA graphic modes under X11, use the @code{vesa} or |
873 |
the @code{cirrus} X11 driver. For optimal performances, use 16 bit |
874 |
color depth in the guest and the host OS. |
875 |
|
876 |
When using a 2.6 guest Linux kernel, you should add the option |
877 |
@code{clock=pit} on the kernel command line because the 2.6 Linux |
878 |
kernels make very strict real time clock checks by default that QEMU |
879 |
cannot simulate exactly. |
880 |
|
881 |
When using a 2.6 guest Linux kernel, verify that the 4G/4G patch is |
882 |
not activated because QEMU is slower with this patch. The QEMU |
883 |
Accelerator Module is also much slower in this case. Earlier Fedora |
884 |
Core 3 Linux kernel (< 2.6.9-1.724_FC3) were known to incorporte this |
885 |
patch by default. Newer kernels don't have it. |
886 |
|
887 |
@subsection Windows |
888 |
|
889 |
If you have a slow host, using Windows 95 is better as it gives the |
890 |
best speed. Windows 2000 is also a good choice. |
891 |
|
892 |
@subsubsection SVGA graphic modes support |
893 |
|
894 |
QEMU emulates a Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video |
895 |
card. All Windows versions starting from Windows 95 should recognize |
896 |
and use this graphic card. For optimal performances, use 16 bit color |
897 |
depth in the guest and the host OS. |
898 |
|
899 |
@subsubsection CPU usage reduction |
900 |
|
901 |
Windows 9x does not correctly use the CPU HLT |
902 |
instruction. The result is that it takes host CPU cycles even when |
903 |
idle. You can install the utility from |
904 |
@url{http://www.user.cityline.ru/~maxamn/amnhltm.zip} to solve this |
905 |
problem. Note that no such tool is needed for NT, 2000 or XP. |
906 |
|
907 |
@subsubsection Windows 2000 disk full problem |
908 |
|
909 |
Windows 2000 has a bug which gives a disk full problem during its |
910 |
installation. When installing it, use the @option{-win2k-hack} QEMU |
911 |
option to enable a specific workaround. After Windows 2000 is |
912 |
installed, you no longer need this option (this option slows down the |
913 |
IDE transfers). |
914 |
|
915 |
@subsubsection Windows XP security problems |
916 |
|
917 |
Some releases of Windows XP install correctly but give a security |
918 |
error when booting: |
919 |
@example |
920 |
A problem is preventing Windows from accurately checking the |
921 |
license for this computer. Error code: 0x800703e6. |
922 |
@end example |
923 |
The only known workaround is to boot in Safe mode |
924 |
without networking support. |
925 |
|
926 |
Future QEMU releases are likely to correct this bug. |
927 |
|
928 |
@subsection MS-DOS and FreeDOS |
929 |
|
930 |
@subsubsection CPU usage reduction |
931 |
|
932 |
DOS does not correctly use the CPU HLT instruction. The result is that |
933 |
it takes host CPU cycles even when idle. You can install the utility |
934 |
from @url{http://www.vmware.com/software/dosidle210.zip} to solve this |
935 |
problem. |
936 |
|
937 |
@chapter QEMU PowerPC System emulator invocation |
938 |
|
939 |
Use the executable @file{qemu-system-ppc} to simulate a complete PREP |
940 |
or PowerMac PowerPC system. |
941 |
|
942 |
QEMU emulates the following PowerMac peripherals: |
943 |
|
944 |
@itemize @minus |
945 |
@item |
946 |
UniNorth PCI Bridge |
947 |
@item |
948 |
PCI VGA compatible card with VESA Bochs Extensions |
949 |
@item |
950 |
2 PMAC IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
951 |
@item |
952 |
NE2000 PCI adapters |
953 |
@item |
954 |
Non Volatile RAM |
955 |
@item |
956 |
VIA-CUDA with ADB keyboard and mouse. |
957 |
@end itemize |
958 |
|
959 |
QEMU emulates the following PREP peripherals: |
960 |
|
961 |
@itemize @minus |
962 |
@item |
963 |
PCI Bridge |
964 |
@item |
965 |
PCI VGA compatible card with VESA Bochs Extensions |
966 |
@item |
967 |
2 IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
968 |
@item |
969 |
Floppy disk |
970 |
@item |
971 |
NE2000 network adapters |
972 |
@item |
973 |
Serial port |
974 |
@item |
975 |
PREP Non Volatile RAM |
976 |
@item |
977 |
PC compatible keyboard and mouse. |
978 |
@end itemize |
979 |
|
980 |
QEMU uses the Open Hack'Ware Open Firmware Compatible BIOS available at |
981 |
@url{http://site.voila.fr/jmayer/OpenHackWare/index.htm}. |
982 |
|
983 |
You can read the qemu PC system emulation chapter to have more |
984 |
informations about QEMU usage. |
985 |
|
986 |
@c man begin OPTIONS |
987 |
|
988 |
The following options are specific to the PowerPC emulation: |
989 |
|
990 |
@table @option |
991 |
|
992 |
@item -prep |
993 |
Simulate a PREP system (default is PowerMAC) |
994 |
|
995 |
@item -g WxH[xDEPTH] |
996 |
|
997 |
Set the initial VGA graphic mode. The default is 800x600x15. |
998 |
|
999 |
@end table |
1000 |
|
1001 |
@c man end |
1002 |
|
1003 |
|
1004 |
More information is available at |
1005 |
@url{http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/}. |
1006 |
|
1007 |
@chapter Sparc32 System emulator invocation |
1008 |
|
1009 |
Use the executable @file{qemu-system-sparc} to simulate a JavaStation |
1010 |
(sun4m architecture). The emulation is somewhat complete. |
1011 |
|
1012 |
QEMU emulates the following sun4m peripherals: |
1013 |
|
1014 |
@itemize @minus |
1015 |
@item |
1016 |
IOMMU |
1017 |
@item |
1018 |
TCX Frame buffer |
1019 |
@item |
1020 |
Lance (Am7990) Ethernet |
1021 |
@item |
1022 |
Non Volatile RAM M48T08 |
1023 |
@item |
1024 |
Slave I/O: timers, interrupt controllers, Zilog serial ports, keyboard |
1025 |
and power/reset logic |
1026 |
@item |
1027 |
ESP SCSI controller with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
1028 |
@item |
1029 |
Floppy drive |
1030 |
@end itemize |
1031 |
|
1032 |
The number of peripherals is fixed in the architecture. |
1033 |
|
1034 |
QEMU uses the Proll, a PROM replacement available at |
1035 |
@url{http://people.redhat.com/zaitcev/linux/}. The required |
1036 |
QEMU-specific patches are included with the sources. |
1037 |
|
1038 |
A sample Linux 2.6 series kernel and ram disk image are available on |
1039 |
the QEMU web site. Please note that currently neither Linux 2.4 |
1040 |
series, NetBSD, nor OpenBSD kernels work. |
1041 |
|
1042 |
@c man begin OPTIONS |
1043 |
|
1044 |
The following options are specific to the Sparc emulation: |
1045 |
|
1046 |
@table @option |
1047 |
|
1048 |
@item -g WxH |
1049 |
|
1050 |
Set the initial TCX graphic mode. The default is 1024x768. |
1051 |
|
1052 |
@end table |
1053 |
|
1054 |
@c man end |
1055 |
|
1056 |
@chapter Sparc64 System emulator invocation |
1057 |
|
1058 |
Use the executable @file{qemu-system-sparc64} to simulate a Sun4u machine. |
1059 |
The emulator is not usable for anything yet. |
1060 |
|
1061 |
QEMU emulates the following sun4u peripherals: |
1062 |
|
1063 |
@itemize @minus |
1064 |
@item |
1065 |
UltraSparc IIi APB PCI Bridge |
1066 |
@item |
1067 |
PCI VGA compatible card with VESA Bochs Extensions |
1068 |
@item |
1069 |
Non Volatile RAM M48T59 |
1070 |
@item |
1071 |
PC-compatible serial ports |
1072 |
@end itemize |
1073 |
|
1074 |
@chapter MIPS System emulator invocation |
1075 |
|
1076 |
Use the executable @file{qemu-system-mips} to simulate a MIPS machine. |
1077 |
The emulator begins to launch a Linux kernel. |
1078 |
|
1079 |
@chapter QEMU User space emulator invocation |
1080 |
|
1081 |
@section Quick Start |
1082 |
|
1083 |
In order to launch a Linux process, QEMU needs the process executable |
1084 |
itself and all the target (x86) dynamic libraries used by it. |
1085 |
|
1086 |
@itemize |
1087 |
|
1088 |
@item On x86, you can just try to launch any process by using the native |
1089 |
libraries: |
1090 |
|
1091 |
@example |
1092 |
qemu-i386 -L / /bin/ls |
1093 |
@end example |
1094 |
|
1095 |
@code{-L /} tells that the x86 dynamic linker must be searched with a |
1096 |
@file{/} prefix. |
1097 |
|
1098 |
@item Since QEMU is also a linux process, you can launch qemu with qemu (NOTE: you can only do that if you compiled QEMU from the sources): |
1099 |
|
1100 |
@example |
1101 |
qemu-i386 -L / qemu-i386 -L / /bin/ls |
1102 |
@end example |
1103 |
|
1104 |
@item On non x86 CPUs, you need first to download at least an x86 glibc |
1105 |
(@file{qemu-runtime-i386-XXX-.tar.gz} on the QEMU web page). Ensure that |
1106 |
@code{LD_LIBRARY_PATH} is not set: |
1107 |
|
1108 |
@example |
1109 |
unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH |
1110 |
@end example |
1111 |
|
1112 |
Then you can launch the precompiled @file{ls} x86 executable: |
1113 |
|
1114 |
@example |
1115 |
qemu-i386 tests/i386/ls |
1116 |
@end example |
1117 |
You can look at @file{qemu-binfmt-conf.sh} so that |
1118 |
QEMU is automatically launched by the Linux kernel when you try to |
1119 |
launch x86 executables. It requires the @code{binfmt_misc} module in the |
1120 |
Linux kernel. |
1121 |
|
1122 |
@item The x86 version of QEMU is also included. You can try weird things such as: |
1123 |
@example |
1124 |
qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/ls-i386 |
1125 |
@end example |
1126 |
|
1127 |
@end itemize |
1128 |
|
1129 |
@section Wine launch |
1130 |
|
1131 |
@itemize |
1132 |
|
1133 |
@item Ensure that you have a working QEMU with the x86 glibc |
1134 |
distribution (see previous section). In order to verify it, you must be |
1135 |
able to do: |
1136 |
|
1137 |
@example |
1138 |
qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/ls-i386 |
1139 |
@end example |
1140 |
|
1141 |
@item Download the binary x86 Wine install |
1142 |
(@file{qemu-XXX-i386-wine.tar.gz} on the QEMU web page). |
1143 |
|
1144 |
@item Configure Wine on your account. Look at the provided script |
1145 |
@file{/usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/wine-conf.sh}. Your previous |
1146 |
@code{$@{HOME@}/.wine} directory is saved to @code{$@{HOME@}/.wine.org}. |
1147 |
|
1148 |
@item Then you can try the example @file{putty.exe}: |
1149 |
|
1150 |
@example |
1151 |
qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/wine/bin/wine /usr/local/qemu-i386/wine/c/Program\ Files/putty.exe |
1152 |
@end example |
1153 |
|
1154 |
@end itemize |
1155 |
|
1156 |
@section Command line options |
1157 |
|
1158 |
@example |
1159 |
usage: qemu-i386 [-h] [-d] [-L path] [-s size] program [arguments...] |
1160 |
@end example |
1161 |
|
1162 |
@table @option |
1163 |
@item -h |
1164 |
Print the help |
1165 |
@item -L path |
1166 |
Set the x86 elf interpreter prefix (default=/usr/local/qemu-i386) |
1167 |
@item -s size |
1168 |
Set the x86 stack size in bytes (default=524288) |
1169 |
@end table |
1170 |
|
1171 |
Debug options: |
1172 |
|
1173 |
@table @option |
1174 |
@item -d |
1175 |
Activate log (logfile=/tmp/qemu.log) |
1176 |
@item -p pagesize |
1177 |
Act as if the host page size was 'pagesize' bytes |
1178 |
@end table |
1179 |
|
1180 |
@node compilation |
1181 |
@chapter Compilation from the sources |
1182 |
|
1183 |
@section Linux/Unix |
1184 |
|
1185 |
@subsection Compilation |
1186 |
|
1187 |
First you must decompress the sources: |
1188 |
@example |
1189 |
cd /tmp |
1190 |
tar zxvf qemu-x.y.z.tar.gz |
1191 |
cd qemu-x.y.z |
1192 |
@end example |
1193 |
|
1194 |
Then you configure QEMU and build it (usually no options are needed): |
1195 |
@example |
1196 |
./configure |
1197 |
make |
1198 |
@end example |
1199 |
|
1200 |
Then type as root user: |
1201 |
@example |
1202 |
make install |
1203 |
@end example |
1204 |
to install QEMU in @file{/usr/local}. |
1205 |
|
1206 |
@subsection Tested tool versions |
1207 |
|
1208 |
In order to compile QEMU succesfully, it is very important that you |
1209 |
have the right tools. The most important one is gcc. I cannot guaranty |
1210 |
that QEMU works if you do not use a tested gcc version. Look at |
1211 |
'configure' and 'Makefile' if you want to make a different gcc |
1212 |
version work. |
1213 |
|
1214 |
@example |
1215 |
host gcc binutils glibc linux distribution |
1216 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
1217 |
x86 3.2 2.13.2 2.1.3 2.4.18 |
1218 |
2.96 2.11.93.0.2 2.2.5 2.4.18 Red Hat 7.3 |
1219 |
3.2.2 2.13.90.0.18 2.3.2 2.4.20 Red Hat 9 |
1220 |
|
1221 |
PowerPC 3.3 [4] 2.13.90.0.18 2.3.1 2.4.20briq |
1222 |
3.2 |
1223 |
|
1224 |
Alpha 3.3 [1] 2.14.90.0.4 2.2.5 2.2.20 [2] Debian 3.0 |
1225 |
|
1226 |
Sparc32 2.95.4 2.12.90.0.1 2.2.5 2.4.18 Debian 3.0 |
1227 |
|
1228 |
ARM 2.95.4 2.12.90.0.1 2.2.5 2.4.9 [3] Debian 3.0 |
1229 |
|
1230 |
[1] On Alpha, QEMU needs the gcc 'visibility' attribute only available |
1231 |
for gcc version >= 3.3. |
1232 |
[2] Linux >= 2.4.20 is necessary for precise exception support |
1233 |
(untested). |
1234 |
[3] 2.4.9-ac10-rmk2-np1-cerf2 |
1235 |
|
1236 |
[4] gcc 2.95.x generates invalid code when using too many register |
1237 |
variables. You must use gcc 3.x on PowerPC. |
1238 |
@end example |
1239 |
|
1240 |
@section Windows |
1241 |
|
1242 |
@itemize |
1243 |
@item Install the current versions of MSYS and MinGW from |
1244 |
@url{http://www.mingw.org/}. You can find detailed installation |
1245 |
instructions in the download section and the FAQ. |
1246 |
|
1247 |
@item Download |
1248 |
the MinGW development library of SDL 1.2.x |
1249 |
(@file{SDL-devel-1.2.x-mingw32.tar.gz}) from |
1250 |
@url{http://www.libsdl.org}. Unpack it in a temporary place, and |
1251 |
unpack the archive @file{i386-mingw32msvc.tar.gz} in the MinGW tool |
1252 |
directory. Edit the @file{sdl-config} script so that it gives the |
1253 |
correct SDL directory when invoked. |
1254 |
|
1255 |
@item Extract the current version of QEMU. |
1256 |
|
1257 |
@item Start the MSYS shell (file @file{msys.bat}). |
1258 |
|
1259 |
@item Change to the QEMU directory. Launch @file{./configure} and |
1260 |
@file{make}. If you have problems using SDL, verify that |
1261 |
@file{sdl-config} can be launched from the MSYS command line. |
1262 |
|
1263 |
@item You can install QEMU in @file{Program Files/Qemu} by typing |
1264 |
@file{make install}. Don't forget to copy @file{SDL.dll} in |
1265 |
@file{Program Files/Qemu}. |
1266 |
|
1267 |
@end itemize |
1268 |
|
1269 |
@section Cross compilation for Windows with Linux |
1270 |
|
1271 |
@itemize |
1272 |
@item |
1273 |
Install the MinGW cross compilation tools available at |
1274 |
@url{http://www.mingw.org/}. |
1275 |
|
1276 |
@item |
1277 |
Install the Win32 version of SDL (@url{http://www.libsdl.org}) by |
1278 |
unpacking @file{i386-mingw32msvc.tar.gz}. Set up the PATH environment |
1279 |
variable so that @file{i386-mingw32msvc-sdl-config} can be launched by |
1280 |
the QEMU configuration script. |
1281 |
|
1282 |
@item |
1283 |
Configure QEMU for Windows cross compilation: |
1284 |
@example |
1285 |
./configure --enable-mingw32 |
1286 |
@end example |
1287 |
If necessary, you can change the cross-prefix according to the prefix |
1288 |
choosen for the MinGW tools with --cross-prefix. You can also use |
1289 |
--prefix to set the Win32 install path. |
1290 |
|
1291 |
@item You can install QEMU in the installation directory by typing |
1292 |
@file{make install}. Don't forget to copy @file{SDL.dll} in the |
1293 |
installation directory. |
1294 |
|
1295 |
@end itemize |
1296 |
|
1297 |
Note: Currently, Wine does not seem able to launch |
1298 |
QEMU for Win32. |
1299 |
|
1300 |
@section Mac OS X |
1301 |
|
1302 |
The Mac OS X patches are not fully merged in QEMU, so you should look |
1303 |
at the QEMU mailing list archive to have all the necessary |
1304 |
information. |
1305 |
|