root / qemu-options.hx @ e8105ebb
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HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi |
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HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and |
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HXCOMM discarded from C version |
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HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help) is used to construct |
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HXCOMM option structures, enums and help message. |
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HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C |
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|
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DEFHEADING(Standard options:) |
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STEXI |
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@table @option |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, |
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"-h or -help display this help and exit\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -h |
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Display help and exit |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version, |
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"-version display version information and exit\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -version |
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Display version information and exit |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M, |
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"-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -M @var{machine} |
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Select the emulated @var{machine} (@code{-M ?} for list) |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu, |
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"-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -cpu @var{model} |
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Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection) |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp, |
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"-smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n" |
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" set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n" |
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" maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including\n" |
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" offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n" |
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" cores= number of CPU cores on one socket\n" |
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" threads= number of threads on one CPU core\n" |
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" sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -smp @var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}] |
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Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255 |
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CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs |
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to 4. |
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For the PC target, the number of @var{cores} per socket, the number |
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of @var{threads} per cores and the total number of @var{sockets} can be |
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specified. Missing values will be computed. If any on the three values is |
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given, the total number of CPUs @var{n} can be omitted. @var{maxcpus} |
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specifies the maximum number of hotpluggable CPUs. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa, |
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"-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -numa @var{opts} |
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Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If mem and cpus are omitted, resources |
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are split equally. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda, |
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"-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n") |
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DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "") |
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STEXI |
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@item -fda @var{file} |
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@item -fdb @var{file} |
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Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can |
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use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}). |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda, |
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"-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n") |
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DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "") |
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DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc, |
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"-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n") |
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DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "") |
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STEXI |
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@item -hda @var{file} |
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@item -hdb @var{file} |
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@item -hdc @var{file} |
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@item -hdd @var{file} |
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Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}). |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom, |
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"-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -cdrom @var{file} |
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Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and |
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@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by |
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using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}). |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive, |
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"-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n" |
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" [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n" |
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" [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none][,format=f][,serial=s]\n" |
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" [,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native][,readonly=on|off]\n" |
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" use 'file' as a drive image\n") |
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DEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set, |
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"-set group.id.arg=value\n" |
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" set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n" |
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" i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n") |
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DEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global, |
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"-global driver.property=value\n" |
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" set a global default for a driver property\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]] |
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|
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Define a new drive. Valid options are: |
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|
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@table @option |
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@item file=@var{file} |
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This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with |
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this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it |
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(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file"). |
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@item if=@var{interface} |
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This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected. |
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Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio. |
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@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit} |
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These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and |
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the unit id. |
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@item index=@var{index} |
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This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list |
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of available connectors of a given interface type. |
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@item media=@var{media} |
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This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom. |
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@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}] |
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These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}. |
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@item snapshot=@var{snapshot} |
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@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}). |
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@item cache=@var{cache} |
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@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data. |
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@item aio=@var{aio} |
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@var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO. |
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@item format=@var{format} |
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Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting |
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the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting |
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an untrusted format header. |
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@item serial=@var{serial} |
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This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device. |
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@item addr=@var{addr} |
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Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only). |
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@end table |
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|
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By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device. This means that |
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the host page cache will be used to read and write data but write notification |
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will be sent to the guest only when the data has been reported as written by |
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the storage subsystem. |
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|
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Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as the data is |
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present in the host page cache. This is safe as long as you trust your host. |
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If your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience data |
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corruption. When using the @option{-snapshot} option, writeback caching is |
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used by default. |
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|
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The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will |
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attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory. QEMU may still perform |
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an internal copy of the data. |
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|
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Some block drivers perform badly with @option{cache=writethrough}, most notably, |
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qcow2. If performance is more important than correctness, |
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@option{cache=writeback} should be used with qcow2. |
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|
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Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use: |
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@example |
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qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom |
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@end example |
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|
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Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can |
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use: |
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@example |
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qemu -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk |
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qemu -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk |
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qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk |
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qemu -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk |
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@end example |
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|
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You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0: |
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@example |
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qemu -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom |
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@end example |
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|
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If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive: |
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@example |
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qemu -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom |
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@end example |
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|
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You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0: |
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@example |
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qemu -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6 |
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@end example |
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|
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Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use: |
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@example |
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qemu -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy |
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qemu -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy |
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@end example |
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|
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By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically |
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incremented: |
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@example |
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qemu -drive file=a -drive file=b" |
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@end example |
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is interpreted like: |
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@example |
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qemu -hda a -hdb b |
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@end example |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock, |
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"-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n") |
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STEXI |
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|
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@item -mtdblock @var{file} |
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Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd, |
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"-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -sd @var{file} |
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Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash, |
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"-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -pflash @var{file} |
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Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot, |
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"-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n" |
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" 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off] |
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|
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Specify boot order @var{drives} as a string of drive letters. Valid |
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drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b |
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(floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherboot |
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from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. To apply a |
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particular boot order only on the first startup, specify it via |
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@option{once}. |
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|
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Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via @option{menu=on} as far |
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as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot. |
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|
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@example |
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# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk |
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qemu -boot order=nc |
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# boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot |
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qemu -boot once=d |
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@end example |
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|
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Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its |
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use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot, |
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"-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -snapshot |
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Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, |
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the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force |
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the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}). |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m, |
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"-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=" |
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stringify(DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE) "]\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -m @var{megs} |
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Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB. Optionally, |
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a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or |
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gigabytes respectively. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k, |
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"-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -k @var{language} |
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|
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Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for |
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French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC |
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keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC |
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display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows |
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hosts. |
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|
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The available layouts are: |
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@example |
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ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv |
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da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th |
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de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr |
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@end example |
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|
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The default is @code{en-us}. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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|
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#ifdef HAS_AUDIO |
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DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help, |
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"-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options\n") |
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#endif |
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STEXI |
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@item -audio-help |
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|
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Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable |
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parameters. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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#ifdef HAS_AUDIO |
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DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw, |
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"-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n" |
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" and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n" |
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" use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards\n" |
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" use -soundhw all to enable all of them\n") |
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#endif |
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STEXI |
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@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all |
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|
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Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all |
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available sound hardware. |
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|
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@example |
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qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img |
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qemu -soundhw es1370 disk.img |
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qemu -soundhw ac97 disk.img |
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qemu -soundhw all disk.img |
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qemu -soundhw ? |
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@end example |
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|
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Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might |
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require manually specifying clocking. |
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|
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@example |
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modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000 |
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@end example |
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ETEXI |
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|
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STEXI |
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@end table |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb, |
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"-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n") |
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STEXI |
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USB options: |
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@table @option |
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|
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@item -usb |
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Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon) |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice, |
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"-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n") |
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STEXI |
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|
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@item -usbdevice @var{devname} |
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Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}. |
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|
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@table @option |
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|
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@item mouse |
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Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated. |
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|
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@item tablet |
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Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This |
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means qemu is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the |
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mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated. |
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|
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@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file} |
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Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument |
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will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy |
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@code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header. |
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|
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@item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr} |
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Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only). |
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|
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@item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id} |
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Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id} |
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(Linux only). |
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|
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@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev} |
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Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the |
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available devices. |
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|
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@item braille |
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Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real |
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or fake device. |
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|
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@item net:@var{options} |
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Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols. |
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|
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@end table |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device, |
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"-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" |
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" add device (based on driver)\n" |
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" prop=value,... sets driver properties\n" |
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" use -device ? to print all possible drivers\n" |
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" use -device driver,? to print all possible properties\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -device @var{driver}[,@var{prop}[=@var{value}][,...]] |
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Add device @var{driver}. @var{prop}=@var{value} sets driver |
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properties. Valid properties depend on the driver. To get help on |
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possible drivers and properties, use @code{-device ?} and |
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@code{-device @var{driver},?}. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name, |
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"-name string1[,process=string2]\n" |
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" set the name of the guest\n" |
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" string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -name @var{name} |
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Sets the @var{name} of the guest. |
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This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption. |
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The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server. |
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Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid, |
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"-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n" |
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" specify machine UUID\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -uuid @var{uuid} |
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Set system UUID. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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STEXI |
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@end table |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEFHEADING() |
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|
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DEFHEADING(Display options:) |
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|
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STEXI |
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@table @option |
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ETEXI |
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|
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DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic, |
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"-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n") |
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STEXI |
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@item -nographic |
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|
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Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, |
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you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple |
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command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on |
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the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel |
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with a serial console. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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#ifdef CONFIG_CURSES |
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DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses, |
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"-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n") |
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#endif |
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STEXI |
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@item -curses |
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|
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Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, |
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QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a |
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curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode. |
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ETEXI |
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|
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#ifdef CONFIG_SDL |
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DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame, |
478 |
"-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n") |
479 |
#endif |
480 |
STEXI |
481 |
@item -no-frame |
482 |
|
483 |
Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole |
484 |
available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop |
485 |
workspace more convenient. |
486 |
ETEXI |
487 |
|
488 |
#ifdef CONFIG_SDL |
489 |
DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab, |
490 |
"-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n") |
491 |
#endif |
492 |
STEXI |
493 |
@item -alt-grab |
494 |
|
495 |
Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). |
496 |
ETEXI |
497 |
|
498 |
#ifdef CONFIG_SDL |
499 |
DEF("ctrl-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab, |
500 |
"-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n") |
501 |
#endif |
502 |
STEXI |
503 |
@item -ctrl-grab |
504 |
|
505 |
Use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). |
506 |
ETEXI |
507 |
|
508 |
#ifdef CONFIG_SDL |
509 |
DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit, |
510 |
"-no-quit disable SDL window close capability\n") |
511 |
#endif |
512 |
STEXI |
513 |
@item -no-quit |
514 |
|
515 |
Disable SDL window close capability. |
516 |
ETEXI |
517 |
|
518 |
#ifdef CONFIG_SDL |
519 |
DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl, |
520 |
"-sdl enable SDL\n") |
521 |
#endif |
522 |
STEXI |
523 |
@item -sdl |
524 |
|
525 |
Enable SDL. |
526 |
ETEXI |
527 |
|
528 |
DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait, |
529 |
"-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n") |
530 |
STEXI |
531 |
@item -portrait |
532 |
|
533 |
Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD). |
534 |
ETEXI |
535 |
|
536 |
DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga, |
537 |
"-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|xenfb|none]\n" |
538 |
" select video card type\n") |
539 |
STEXI |
540 |
@item -vga @var{type} |
541 |
Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are |
542 |
@table @option |
543 |
@item cirrus |
544 |
Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from |
545 |
Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal |
546 |
performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS. |
547 |
(This one is the default) |
548 |
@item std |
549 |
Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS |
550 |
supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want |
551 |
to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use |
552 |
this option. |
553 |
@item vmware |
554 |
VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently |
555 |
recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this |
556 |
card. |
557 |
@item none |
558 |
Disable VGA card. |
559 |
@end table |
560 |
ETEXI |
561 |
|
562 |
DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen, |
563 |
"-full-screen start in full screen\n") |
564 |
STEXI |
565 |
@item -full-screen |
566 |
Start in full screen. |
567 |
ETEXI |
568 |
|
569 |
#if defined(TARGET_PPC) || defined(TARGET_SPARC) |
570 |
DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g , |
571 |
"-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n") |
572 |
#endif |
573 |
STEXI |
574 |
@item -g @var{width}x@var{height}[x@var{depth}] |
575 |
Set the initial graphical resolution and depth (PPC, SPARC only). |
576 |
ETEXI |
577 |
|
578 |
DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc , |
579 |
"-vnc display start a VNC server on display\n") |
580 |
STEXI |
581 |
@item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]] |
582 |
|
583 |
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, |
584 |
you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA |
585 |
display over the VNC session. It is very useful to enable the usb |
586 |
tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice |
587 |
tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k} |
588 |
parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid |
589 |
syntax for the @var{display} is |
590 |
|
591 |
@table @option |
592 |
|
593 |
@item @var{host}:@var{d} |
594 |
|
595 |
TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}. |
596 |
By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can |
597 |
be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host. |
598 |
|
599 |
@item unix:@var{path} |
600 |
|
601 |
Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the |
602 |
location of a unix socket to listen for connections on. |
603 |
|
604 |
@item none |
605 |
|
606 |
VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command |
607 |
can be used to later start the VNC server. |
608 |
|
609 |
@end table |
610 |
|
611 |
Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags |
612 |
separated by commas. Valid options are |
613 |
|
614 |
@table @option |
615 |
|
616 |
@item reverse |
617 |
|
618 |
Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The |
619 |
client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network |
620 |
connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument |
621 |
is a TCP port number, not a display number. |
622 |
|
623 |
@item password |
624 |
|
625 |
Require that password based authentication is used for client connections. |
626 |
The password must be set separately using the @code{change} command in the |
627 |
@ref{pcsys_monitor} |
628 |
|
629 |
@item tls |
630 |
|
631 |
Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This |
632 |
uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle |
633 |
attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the |
634 |
@option{x509} or @option{x509verify} options. |
635 |
|
636 |
@item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir} |
637 |
|
638 |
Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used |
639 |
for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate |
640 |
to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server |
641 |
to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following |
642 |
this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from. |
643 |
See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates. |
644 |
|
645 |
@item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir} |
646 |
|
647 |
Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used |
648 |
for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate |
649 |
to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate. |
650 |
The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate, |
651 |
and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is |
652 |
trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish |
653 |
to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The |
654 |
path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to |
655 |
be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating |
656 |
certificates. |
657 |
|
658 |
@item sasl |
659 |
|
660 |
Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server. |
661 |
The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the |
662 |
system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This |
663 |
is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an |
664 |
unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used |
665 |
to make it search alternate locations for the service config. |
666 |
While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), |
667 |
it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and |
668 |
'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This |
669 |
ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication |
670 |
credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using |
671 |
SASL authentication. |
672 |
|
673 |
@item acl |
674 |
|
675 |
Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate |
676 |
and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the |
677 |
certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like |
678 |
@code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is |
679 |
made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may |
680 |
include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}. |
681 |
When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be |
682 |
empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to |
683 |
use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be |
684 |
achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command. |
685 |
|
686 |
@end table |
687 |
ETEXI |
688 |
|
689 |
STEXI |
690 |
@end table |
691 |
ETEXI |
692 |
|
693 |
DEFHEADING() |
694 |
|
695 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
696 |
DEFHEADING(i386 target only:) |
697 |
#endif |
698 |
STEXI |
699 |
@table @option |
700 |
ETEXI |
701 |
|
702 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
703 |
DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack, |
704 |
"-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n") |
705 |
#endif |
706 |
STEXI |
707 |
@item -win2k-hack |
708 |
Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After |
709 |
Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option |
710 |
slows down the IDE transfers). |
711 |
ETEXI |
712 |
|
713 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
714 |
HXCOMM Deprecated by -rtc |
715 |
DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack, "") |
716 |
#endif |
717 |
|
718 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
719 |
DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk, |
720 |
"-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n") |
721 |
#endif |
722 |
STEXI |
723 |
@item -no-fd-bootchk |
724 |
Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may |
725 |
be needed to boot from old floppy disks. |
726 |
ETEXI |
727 |
|
728 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
729 |
DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi, |
730 |
"-no-acpi disable ACPI\n") |
731 |
#endif |
732 |
STEXI |
733 |
@item -no-acpi |
734 |
Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use |
735 |
it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine |
736 |
only). |
737 |
ETEXI |
738 |
|
739 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
740 |
DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet, |
741 |
"-no-hpet disable HPET\n") |
742 |
#endif |
743 |
STEXI |
744 |
@item -no-hpet |
745 |
Disable HPET support. |
746 |
ETEXI |
747 |
|
748 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
749 |
DEF("balloon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_balloon, |
750 |
"-balloon none disable balloon device\n" |
751 |
"-balloon virtio[,addr=str]\n" |
752 |
" enable virtio balloon device (default)\n") |
753 |
#endif |
754 |
STEXI |
755 |
@item -balloon none |
756 |
Disable balloon device. |
757 |
@item -balloon virtio[,addr=@var{addr}] |
758 |
Enable virtio balloon device (default), optionally with PCI address |
759 |
@var{addr}. |
760 |
ETEXI |
761 |
|
762 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
763 |
DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable, |
764 |
"-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]\n" |
765 |
" ACPI table description\n") |
766 |
#endif |
767 |
STEXI |
768 |
@item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...] |
769 |
Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files. |
770 |
ETEXI |
771 |
|
772 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
773 |
DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios, |
774 |
"-smbios file=binary\n" |
775 |
" load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n" |
776 |
"-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]\n" |
777 |
" specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n" |
778 |
"-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" |
779 |
" [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n" |
780 |
" specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n") |
781 |
#endif |
782 |
STEXI |
783 |
@item -smbios file=@var{binary} |
784 |
Load SMBIOS entry from binary file. |
785 |
|
786 |
@item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}] |
787 |
Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields |
788 |
|
789 |
@item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}][,family=@var{str}] |
790 |
Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields |
791 |
ETEXI |
792 |
|
793 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
794 |
DEFHEADING() |
795 |
#endif |
796 |
STEXI |
797 |
@end table |
798 |
ETEXI |
799 |
|
800 |
DEFHEADING(Network options:) |
801 |
STEXI |
802 |
@table @option |
803 |
ETEXI |
804 |
|
805 |
HXCOMM Legacy slirp options (now moved to -net user): |
806 |
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP |
807 |
DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, "") |
808 |
DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, "") |
809 |
DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, "") |
810 |
#ifndef _WIN32 |
811 |
DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, "") |
812 |
#endif |
813 |
#endif |
814 |
|
815 |
DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net, |
816 |
"-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n" |
817 |
" create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n" |
818 |
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP |
819 |
"-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=y|n]\n" |
820 |
" [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,tftp=dir][,bootfile=f]\n" |
821 |
" [,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]" |
822 |
#ifndef _WIN32 |
823 |
"[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n" |
824 |
#endif |
825 |
" connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n', configure its\n" |
826 |
" DHCP server and enabled optional services\n" |
827 |
#endif |
828 |
#ifdef _WIN32 |
829 |
"-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n" |
830 |
" connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n" |
831 |
#else |
832 |
"-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off]\n" |
833 |
" connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the\n" |
834 |
" network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n" |
835 |
" and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n" |
836 |
" use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution\n" |
837 |
" use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n" |
838 |
" use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n" |
839 |
" default of 'sndbuf=1048576' can be disabled using 'sndbuf=0')\n" |
840 |
" use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n" |
841 |
" use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition\n" |
842 |
#endif |
843 |
"-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n" |
844 |
" connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection\n" |
845 |
"-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]\n" |
846 |
" connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port\n" |
847 |
#ifdef CONFIG_VDE |
848 |
"-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n" |
849 |
" connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running\n" |
850 |
" on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n" |
851 |
" Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n" |
852 |
" ownership and permissions for communication port.\n" |
853 |
#endif |
854 |
"-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n" |
855 |
" dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n" |
856 |
"-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option\n" |
857 |
" is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n") |
858 |
DEF("netdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_netdev, |
859 |
"-netdev [" |
860 |
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP |
861 |
"user|" |
862 |
#endif |
863 |
"tap|" |
864 |
#ifdef CONFIG_VDE |
865 |
"vde|" |
866 |
#endif |
867 |
"socket],id=str[,option][,option][,...]\n") |
868 |
STEXI |
869 |
@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}][,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}] |
870 |
Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} |
871 |
= 0 is the default). The NIC is an e1000 by default on the PC |
872 |
target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{mac}, the |
873 |
device address set to @var{addr} (PCI cards only), |
874 |
and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands. |
875 |
Optionally, for PCI cards, you can specify the number @var{v} of MSI-X vectors |
876 |
that the card should have; this option currently only affects virtio cards; set |
877 |
@var{v} = 0 to disable MSI-X. If no @option{-net} option is specified, a single |
878 |
NIC is created. Qemu can emulate several different models of network card. |
879 |
Valid values for @var{type} are |
880 |
@code{virtio}, @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er}, |
881 |
@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139}, |
882 |
@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}. |
883 |
Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use -net nic,model=? |
884 |
for a list of available devices for your target. |
885 |
|
886 |
@item -net user[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...] |
887 |
Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator |
888 |
privilege to run. Valid options are: |
889 |
|
890 |
@table @option |
891 |
@item vlan=@var{n} |
892 |
Connect user mode stack to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default). |
893 |
|
894 |
@item name=@var{name} |
895 |
Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands. |
896 |
|
897 |
@item net=@var{addr}[/@var{mask}] |
898 |
Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify the netmask, |
899 |
either in the form a.b.c.d or as number of valid top-most bits. Default is |
900 |
10.0.2.0/8. |
901 |
|
902 |
@item host=@var{addr} |
903 |
Specify the guest-visible address of the host. Default is the 2nd IP in the |
904 |
guest network, i.e. x.x.x.2. |
905 |
|
906 |
@item restrict=y|yes|n|no |
907 |
If this options is enabled, the guest will be isolated, i.e. it will not be |
908 |
able to contact the host and no guest IP packets will be routed over the host |
909 |
to the outside. This option does not affect explicitly set forwarding rule. |
910 |
|
911 |
@item hostname=@var{name} |
912 |
Specifies the client hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server. |
913 |
|
914 |
@item dhcpstart=@var{addr} |
915 |
Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can assign. Default |
916 |
is the 16th to 31st IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.16 to x.x.x.31. |
917 |
|
918 |
@item dns=@var{addr} |
919 |
Specify the guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver. The address must |
920 |
be different from the host address. Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network, |
921 |
i.e. x.x.x.3. |
922 |
|
923 |
@item tftp=@var{dir} |
924 |
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP |
925 |
server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server. |
926 |
The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command |
927 |
@code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client). |
928 |
|
929 |
@item bootfile=@var{file} |
930 |
When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP |
931 |
filename. In conjunction with @option{tftp}, this can be used to network boot |
932 |
a guest from a local directory. |
933 |
|
934 |
Example (using pxelinux): |
935 |
@example |
936 |
qemu -hda linux.img -boot n -net user,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0 |
937 |
@end example |
938 |
|
939 |
@item smb=@var{dir}[,smbserver=@var{addr}] |
940 |
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB |
941 |
server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}} |
942 |
transparently. The IP address of the SMB server can be set to @var{addr}. By |
943 |
default the 4th IP in the guest network is used, i.e. x.x.x.4. |
944 |
|
945 |
In the guest Windows OS, the line: |
946 |
@example |
947 |
10.0.2.4 smbserver |
948 |
@end example |
949 |
must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me) |
950 |
or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000). |
951 |
|
952 |
Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}. |
953 |
|
954 |
Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in |
955 |
@file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested successfully with smbd versions from |
956 |
Red Hat 9, Fedora Core 3 and OpenSUSE 11.x. |
957 |
|
958 |
@item hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[@var{hostaddr}]:@var{hostport}-[@var{guestaddr}]:@var{guestport} |
959 |
Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port @var{hostport} to |
960 |
the guest IP address @var{guestaddr} on guest port @var{guestport}. If |
961 |
@var{guestaddr} is not specified, its value is x.x.x.15 (default first address |
962 |
given by the built-in DHCP server). By specifying @var{hostaddr}, the rule can |
963 |
be bound to a specific host interface. If no connection type is set, TCP is |
964 |
used. This option can be given multiple times. |
965 |
|
966 |
For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest |
967 |
screen 0, use the following: |
968 |
|
969 |
@example |
970 |
# on the host |
971 |
qemu -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 [...] |
972 |
# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server |
973 |
xterm -display :1 |
974 |
@end example |
975 |
|
976 |
To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on |
977 |
the guest, use the following: |
978 |
|
979 |
@example |
980 |
# on the host |
981 |
qemu -net user,hostfwd=tcp:5555::23 [...] |
982 |
telnet localhost 5555 |
983 |
@end example |
984 |
|
985 |
Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you |
986 |
connect to the guest telnet server. |
987 |
|
988 |
@item guestfwd=[tcp]:@var{server}:@var{port}-@var{dev} |
989 |
Forward guest TCP connections to the IP address @var{server} on port @var{port} |
990 |
to the character device @var{dev}. This option can be given multiple times. |
991 |
|
992 |
@end table |
993 |
|
994 |
Note: Legacy stand-alone options -tftp, -bootp, -smb and -redir are still |
995 |
processed and applied to -net user. Mixing them with the new configuration |
996 |
syntax gives undefined results. Their use for new applications is discouraged |
997 |
as they will be removed from future versions. |
998 |
|
999 |
@item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}] |
1000 |
Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}, use |
1001 |
the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script |
1002 |
@var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS |
1003 |
automatically provides one. @option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify |
1004 |
the handle of an already opened host TAP interface. The default network |
1005 |
configure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network |
1006 |
deconfigure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no} |
1007 |
or @option{downscript=no} to disable script execution. Example: |
1008 |
|
1009 |
@example |
1010 |
qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap |
1011 |
@end example |
1012 |
|
1013 |
More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP device) |
1014 |
@example |
1015 |
qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \ |
1016 |
-net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1 |
1017 |
@end example |
1018 |
|
1019 |
@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}] |
1020 |
|
1021 |
Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual |
1022 |
machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is |
1023 |
specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port} |
1024 |
(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to |
1025 |
another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h} |
1026 |
specifies an already opened TCP socket. |
1027 |
|
1028 |
Example: |
1029 |
@example |
1030 |
# launch a first QEMU instance |
1031 |
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ |
1032 |
-net socket,listen=:1234 |
1033 |
# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0 |
1034 |
# of the first instance |
1035 |
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \ |
1036 |
-net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234 |
1037 |
@end example |
1038 |
|
1039 |
@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}] |
1040 |
|
1041 |
Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual |
1042 |
machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for |
1043 |
every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}. |
1044 |
NOTES: |
1045 |
@enumerate |
1046 |
@item |
1047 |
Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming |
1048 |
correct multicast setup for these hosts). |
1049 |
@item |
1050 |
mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see |
1051 |
@url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}. |
1052 |
@item |
1053 |
Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket. |
1054 |
@end enumerate |
1055 |
|
1056 |
Example: |
1057 |
@example |
1058 |
# launch one QEMU instance |
1059 |
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ |
1060 |
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 |
1061 |
# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus" |
1062 |
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \ |
1063 |
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 |
1064 |
# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus" |
1065 |
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \ |
1066 |
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 |
1067 |
@end example |
1068 |
|
1069 |
Example (User Mode Linux compat.): |
1070 |
@example |
1071 |
# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected |
1072 |
# is UML's default) |
1073 |
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ |
1074 |
-net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102 |
1075 |
# launch UML |
1076 |
/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast |
1077 |
@end example |
1078 |
|
1079 |
@item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}] |
1080 |
Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and |
1081 |
listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname} |
1082 |
and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for |
1083 |
communication port. This option is available only if QEMU has been compiled |
1084 |
with vde support enabled. |
1085 |
|
1086 |
Example: |
1087 |
@example |
1088 |
# launch vde switch |
1089 |
vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch |
1090 |
# launch QEMU instance |
1091 |
qemu linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch |
1092 |
@end example |
1093 |
|
1094 |
@item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}] |
1095 |
Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default). |
1096 |
At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is |
1097 |
libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark. |
1098 |
|
1099 |
@item -net none |
1100 |
Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to |
1101 |
override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which |
1102 |
is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided. |
1103 |
|
1104 |
@end table |
1105 |
ETEXI |
1106 |
|
1107 |
DEFHEADING() |
1108 |
|
1109 |
DEFHEADING(Character device options:) |
1110 |
|
1111 |
DEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev, |
1112 |
"-chardev null,id=id\n" |
1113 |
"-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=host[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay]\n" |
1114 |
" [,server][,nowait][,telnet] (tcp)\n" |
1115 |
"-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet] (unix)\n" |
1116 |
"-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]\n" |
1117 |
" [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6]\n" |
1118 |
"-chardev msmouse,id=id\n" |
1119 |
"-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n" |
1120 |
"-chardev file,id=id,path=path\n" |
1121 |
"-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path\n" |
1122 |
#ifdef _WIN32 |
1123 |
"-chardev console,id=id\n" |
1124 |
"-chardev serial,id=id,path=path\n" |
1125 |
#else |
1126 |
"-chardev pty,id=id\n" |
1127 |
"-chardev stdio,id=id\n" |
1128 |
#endif |
1129 |
#ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI |
1130 |
"-chardev braille,id=id\n" |
1131 |
#endif |
1132 |
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \ |
1133 |
|| defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) |
1134 |
"-chardev tty,id=id,path=path\n" |
1135 |
#endif |
1136 |
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) |
1137 |
"-chardev parport,id=id,path=path\n" |
1138 |
#endif |
1139 |
) |
1140 |
|
1141 |
STEXI |
1142 |
|
1143 |
The general form of a character device option is: |
1144 |
@table @option |
1145 |
|
1146 |
@item -chardev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,@var{options}] |
1147 |
|
1148 |
Backend is one of: |
1149 |
@option{null}, |
1150 |
@option{socket}, |
1151 |
@option{udp}, |
1152 |
@option{msmouse}, |
1153 |
@option{vc}, |
1154 |
@option{file}, |
1155 |
@option{pipe}, |
1156 |
@option{console}, |
1157 |
@option{serial}, |
1158 |
@option{pty}, |
1159 |
@option{stdio}, |
1160 |
@option{braille}, |
1161 |
@option{tty}, |
1162 |
@option{parport}. |
1163 |
The specific backend will determine the applicable options. |
1164 |
|
1165 |
All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 characters long. |
1166 |
It is used to uniquely identify this device in other command line directives. |
1167 |
|
1168 |
Options to each backend are described below. |
1169 |
|
1170 |
@item -chardev null ,id=@var{id} |
1171 |
A void device. This device will not emit any data, and will drop any data it |
1172 |
receives. The null backend does not take any options. |
1173 |
|
1174 |
@item -chardev socket ,id=@var{id} [@var{TCP options} or @var{unix options}] [,server] [,nowait] [,telnet] |
1175 |
|
1176 |
Create a two-way stream socket, which can be either a TCP or a unix socket. A |
1177 |
unix socket will be created if @option{path} is specified. Behaviour is |
1178 |
undefined if TCP options are specified for a unix socket. |
1179 |
|
1180 |
@option{server} specifies that the socket shall be a listening socket. |
1181 |
|
1182 |
@option{nowait} specifies that QEMU should not block waiting for a client to |
1183 |
connect to a listening socket. |
1184 |
|
1185 |
@option{telnet} specifies that traffic on the socket should interpret telnet |
1186 |
escape sequences. |
1187 |
|
1188 |
TCP and unix socket options are given below: |
1189 |
|
1190 |
@table @option |
1191 |
|
1192 |
@item TCP options: port=@var{host} [,host=@var{host}] [,to=@var{to}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] [,nodelay] |
1193 |
|
1194 |
@option{host} for a listening socket specifies the local address to be bound. |
1195 |
For a connecting socket species the remote host to connect to. @option{host} is |
1196 |
optional for listening sockets. If not specified it defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}. |
1197 |
|
1198 |
@option{port} for a listening socket specifies the local port to be bound. For a |
1199 |
connecting socket specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. |
1200 |
@option{port} can be given as either a port number or a service name. |
1201 |
@option{port} is required. |
1202 |
|
1203 |
@option{to} is only relevant to listening sockets. If it is specified, and |
1204 |
@option{port} cannot be bound, QEMU will attempt to bind to subsequent ports up |
1205 |
to and including @option{to} until it succeeds. @option{to} must be specified |
1206 |
as a port number. |
1207 |
|
1208 |
@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used. |
1209 |
If neither is specified the socket may use either protocol. |
1210 |
|
1211 |
@option{nodelay} disables the Nagle algorithm. |
1212 |
|
1213 |
@item unix options: path=@var{path} |
1214 |
|
1215 |
@option{path} specifies the local path of the unix socket. @option{path} is |
1216 |
required. |
1217 |
|
1218 |
@end table |
1219 |
|
1220 |
@item -chardev udp ,id=@var{id} [,host=@var{host}] ,port=@var{port} [,localaddr=@var{localaddr}] [,localport=@var{localport}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] |
1221 |
|
1222 |
Sends all traffic from the guest to a remote host over UDP. |
1223 |
|
1224 |
@option{host} specifies the remote host to connect to. If not specified it |
1225 |
defaults to @code{localhost}. |
1226 |
|
1227 |
@option{port} specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. @option{port} |
1228 |
is required. |
1229 |
|
1230 |
@option{localaddr} specifies the local address to bind to. If not specified it |
1231 |
defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}. |
1232 |
|
1233 |
@option{localport} specifies the local port to bind to. If not specified any |
1234 |
available local port will be used. |
1235 |
|
1236 |
@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used. |
1237 |
If neither is specified the device may use either protocol. |
1238 |
|
1239 |
@item -chardev msmouse ,id=@var{id} |
1240 |
|
1241 |
Forward QEMU's emulated msmouse events to the guest. @option{msmouse} does not |
1242 |
take any options. |
1243 |
|
1244 |
@item -chardev vc ,id=@var{id} [[,width=@var{width}] [,height=@var{height}]] [[,cols=@var{cols}] [,rows=@var{rows}]] |
1245 |
|
1246 |
Connect to a QEMU text console. @option{vc} may optionally be given a specific |
1247 |
size. |
1248 |
|
1249 |
@option{width} and @option{height} specify the width and height respectively of |
1250 |
the console, in pixels. |
1251 |
|
1252 |
@option{cols} and @option{rows} specify that the console be sized to fit a text |
1253 |
console with the given dimensions. |
1254 |
|
1255 |
@item -chardev file ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} |
1256 |
|
1257 |
Log all traffic received from the guest to a file. |
1258 |
|
1259 |
@option{path} specifies the path of the file to be opened. This file will be |
1260 |
created if it does not already exist, and overwritten if it does. @option{path} |
1261 |
is required. |
1262 |
|
1263 |
@item -chardev pipe ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} |
1264 |
|
1265 |
Create a two-way connection to the guest. The behaviour differs slightly between |
1266 |
Windows hosts and other hosts: |
1267 |
|
1268 |
On Windows, a single duplex pipe will be created at |
1269 |
@file{\\.pipe\@option{path}}. |
1270 |
|
1271 |
On other hosts, 2 pipes will be created called @file{@option{path}.in} and |
1272 |
@file{@option{path}.out}. Data written to @file{@option{path}.in} will be |
1273 |
received by the guest. Data written by the guest can be read from |
1274 |
@file{@option{path}.out}. QEMU will not create these fifos, and requires them to |
1275 |
be present. |
1276 |
|
1277 |
@option{path} forms part of the pipe path as described above. @option{path} is |
1278 |
required. |
1279 |
|
1280 |
@item -chardev console ,id=@var{id} |
1281 |
|
1282 |
Send traffic from the guest to QEMU's standard output. @option{console} does not |
1283 |
take any options. |
1284 |
|
1285 |
@option{console} is only available on Windows hosts. |
1286 |
|
1287 |
@item -chardev serial ,id=@var{id} ,path=@option{path} |
1288 |
|
1289 |
Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host. |
1290 |
|
1291 |
@option{serial} is |
1292 |
only available on Windows hosts. |
1293 |
|
1294 |
@option{path} specifies the name of the serial device to open. |
1295 |
|
1296 |
@item -chardev pty ,id=@var{id} |
1297 |
|
1298 |
Create a new pseudo-terminal on the host and connect to it. @option{pty} does |
1299 |
not take any options. |
1300 |
|
1301 |
@option{pty} is not available on Windows hosts. |
1302 |
|
1303 |
@item -chardev stdio ,id=@var{id} |
1304 |
Connect to standard input and standard output of the qemu process. |
1305 |
@option{stdio} does not take any options. @option{stdio} is not available on |
1306 |
Windows hosts. |
1307 |
|
1308 |
@item -chardev braille ,id=@var{id} |
1309 |
|
1310 |
Connect to a local BrlAPI server. @option{braille} does not take any options. |
1311 |
|
1312 |
@item -chardev tty ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} |
1313 |
|
1314 |
Connect to a local tty device. |
1315 |
|
1316 |
@option{tty} is only available on Linux, Sun, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and |
1317 |
DragonFlyBSD hosts. |
1318 |
|
1319 |
@option{path} specifies the path to the tty. @option{path} is required. |
1320 |
|
1321 |
@item -chardev parport ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} |
1322 |
|
1323 |
@option{parport} is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD hosts. |
1324 |
|
1325 |
Connect to a local parallel port. |
1326 |
|
1327 |
@option{path} specifies the path to the parallel port device. @option{path} is |
1328 |
required. |
1329 |
|
1330 |
@end table |
1331 |
ETEXI |
1332 |
|
1333 |
DEFHEADING() |
1334 |
|
1335 |
DEFHEADING(Bluetooth(R) options:) |
1336 |
|
1337 |
DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \ |
1338 |
"-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \ |
1339 |
"-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \ |
1340 |
" use host's HCI with the given name\n" \ |
1341 |
"-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \ |
1342 |
" emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \ |
1343 |
"-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \ |
1344 |
" add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \ |
1345 |
"-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \ |
1346 |
" emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n") |
1347 |
STEXI |
1348 |
@table @option |
1349 |
|
1350 |
@item -bt hci[...] |
1351 |
Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI. -bt options |
1352 |
are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine type. For |
1353 |
example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built into it, only |
1354 |
the first @code{-bt hci[...]} option is valid and defines the HCI's |
1355 |
logic. The Transport Layer is decided by the machine type. Currently |
1356 |
the machines @code{n800} and @code{n810} have one HCI and all other |
1357 |
machines have none. |
1358 |
|
1359 |
@anchor{bt-hcis} |
1360 |
The following three types are recognized: |
1361 |
|
1362 |
@table @option |
1363 |
@item -bt hci,null |
1364 |
(default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal logic |
1365 |
and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events. |
1366 |
|
1367 |
@item -bt hci,host[:@var{id}] |
1368 |
(@code{bluez} only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events |
1369 |
to / from the physical HCI identified by the name @var{id} (default: |
1370 |
@code{hci0}) on the computer running QEMU. Only available on @code{bluez} |
1371 |
capable systems like Linux. |
1372 |
|
1373 |
@item -bt hci[,vlan=@var{n}] |
1374 |
Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the Bluetooth |
1375 |
scatternet @var{n} (default @code{0}). Similarly to @option{-net} |
1376 |
VLANs, devices inside a bluetooth network @var{n} can only communicate |
1377 |
with other devices in the same network (scatternet). |
1378 |
@end table |
1379 |
|
1380 |
@item -bt vhci[,vlan=@var{n}] |
1381 |
(Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet @var{n} (default 0) attached |
1382 |
to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target. This |
1383 |
allows the host and target machines to participate in a common scatternet |
1384 |
and communicate. Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed. Can |
1385 |
be used as following: |
1386 |
|
1387 |
@example |
1388 |
qemu [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5 |
1389 |
@end example |
1390 |
|
1391 |
@item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}] |
1392 |
Emulate a bluetooth device @var{dev} and place it in network @var{n} |
1393 |
(default @code{0}). QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices |
1394 |
currently: |
1395 |
|
1396 |
@table @option |
1397 |
@item keyboard |
1398 |
Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile. |
1399 |
@end table |
1400 |
@end table |
1401 |
ETEXI |
1402 |
|
1403 |
DEFHEADING() |
1404 |
|
1405 |
DEFHEADING(Linux/Multiboot boot specific:) |
1406 |
STEXI |
1407 |
|
1408 |
When using these options, you can use a given Linux or Multiboot |
1409 |
kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful |
1410 |
for easier testing of various kernels. |
1411 |
|
1412 |
@table @option |
1413 |
ETEXI |
1414 |
|
1415 |
DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \ |
1416 |
"-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n") |
1417 |
STEXI |
1418 |
@item -kernel @var{bzImage} |
1419 |
Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. The kernel can be either a Linux kernel |
1420 |
or in multiboot format. |
1421 |
ETEXI |
1422 |
|
1423 |
DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \ |
1424 |
"-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n") |
1425 |
STEXI |
1426 |
@item -append @var{cmdline} |
1427 |
Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line |
1428 |
ETEXI |
1429 |
|
1430 |
DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \ |
1431 |
"-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk\n") |
1432 |
STEXI |
1433 |
@item -initrd @var{file} |
1434 |
Use @var{file} as initial ram disk. |
1435 |
|
1436 |
@item -initrd "@var{file1} arg=foo,@var{file2}" |
1437 |
|
1438 |
This syntax is only available with multiboot. |
1439 |
|
1440 |
Use @var{file1} and @var{file2} as modules and pass arg=foo as parameter to the |
1441 |
first module. |
1442 |
ETEXI |
1443 |
|
1444 |
STEXI |
1445 |
@end table |
1446 |
ETEXI |
1447 |
|
1448 |
DEFHEADING() |
1449 |
|
1450 |
DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:) |
1451 |
|
1452 |
STEXI |
1453 |
@table @option |
1454 |
ETEXI |
1455 |
|
1456 |
DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \ |
1457 |
"-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n") |
1458 |
STEXI |
1459 |
@item -serial @var{dev} |
1460 |
Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device |
1461 |
@var{dev}. The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and |
1462 |
@code{stdio} in non graphical mode. |
1463 |
|
1464 |
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial |
1465 |
ports. |
1466 |
|
1467 |
Use @code{-serial none} to disable all serial ports. |
1468 |
|
1469 |
Available character devices are: |
1470 |
@table @option |
1471 |
@item vc[:@var{W}x@var{H}] |
1472 |
Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in pixel with |
1473 |
@example |
1474 |
vc:800x600 |
1475 |
@end example |
1476 |
It is also possible to specify width or height in characters: |
1477 |
@example |
1478 |
vc:80Cx24C |
1479 |
@end example |
1480 |
@item pty |
1481 |
[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated) |
1482 |
@item none |
1483 |
No device is allocated. |
1484 |
@item null |
1485 |
void device |
1486 |
@item /dev/XXX |
1487 |
[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port |
1488 |
parameters are set according to the emulated ones. |
1489 |
@item /dev/parport@var{N} |
1490 |
[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port |
1491 |
@var{N}. Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used. |
1492 |
@item file:@var{filename} |
1493 |
Write output to @var{filename}. No character can be read. |
1494 |
@item stdio |
1495 |
[Unix only] standard input/output |
1496 |
@item pipe:@var{filename} |
1497 |
name pipe @var{filename} |
1498 |
@item COM@var{n} |
1499 |
[Windows only] Use host serial port @var{n} |
1500 |
@item udp:[@var{remote_host}]:@var{remote_port}[@@[@var{src_ip}]:@var{src_port}] |
1501 |
This implements UDP Net Console. |
1502 |
When @var{remote_host} or @var{src_ip} are not specified |
1503 |
they default to @code{0.0.0.0}. |
1504 |
When not using a specified @var{src_port} a random port is automatically chosen. |
1505 |
|
1506 |
If you just want a simple readonly console you can use @code{netcat} or |
1507 |
@code{nc}, by starting qemu with: @code{-serial udp::4555} and nc as: |
1508 |
@code{nc -u -l -p 4555}. Any time qemu writes something to that port it |
1509 |
will appear in the netconsole session. |
1510 |
|
1511 |
If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want to stop |
1512 |
and start qemu a lot of times, you should have qemu use the same |
1513 |
source port each time by using something like @code{-serial |
1514 |
udp::4555@@:4556} to qemu. Another approach is to use a patched |
1515 |
version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and receive |
1516 |
characters via udp. If you have a patched version of netcat which |
1517 |
activates telnet remote echo and single char transfer, then you can |
1518 |
use the following options to step up a netcat redirector to allow |
1519 |
telnet on port 5555 to access the qemu port. |
1520 |
@table @code |
1521 |
@item Qemu Options: |
1522 |
-serial udp::4555@@:4556 |
1523 |
@item netcat options: |
1524 |
-u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T |
1525 |
@item telnet options: |
1526 |
localhost 5555 |
1527 |
@end table |
1528 |
|
1529 |
@item tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,@var{server}][,nowait][,nodelay] |
1530 |
The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send the serial |
1531 |
I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a location. By default |
1532 |
the TCP Net Console is sent to @var{host} at the @var{port}. If you use |
1533 |
the @var{server} option QEMU will wait for a client socket application |
1534 |
to connect to the port before continuing, unless the @code{nowait} |
1535 |
option was specified. The @code{nodelay} option disables the Nagle buffering |
1536 |
algorithm. If @var{host} is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only |
1537 |
one TCP connection at a time is accepted. You can use @code{telnet} to |
1538 |
connect to the corresponding character device. |
1539 |
@table @code |
1540 |
@item Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444 |
1541 |
-serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444 |
1542 |
@item Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection |
1543 |
-serial tcp::4444,server |
1544 |
@item Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444 |
1545 |
-serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server,nowait |
1546 |
@end table |
1547 |
|
1548 |
@item telnet:@var{host}:@var{port}[,server][,nowait][,nodelay] |
1549 |
The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The options |
1550 |
work the same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp}. The |
1551 |
difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or client using |
1552 |
telnet option negotiation. This will also allow you to send the |
1553 |
MAGIC_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that supports sending the break |
1554 |
sequence. Typically in unix telnet you do it with Control-] and then |
1555 |
type "send break" followed by pressing the enter key. |
1556 |
|
1557 |
@item unix:@var{path}[,server][,nowait] |
1558 |
A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The option works the |
1559 |
same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp} except the unix domain socket |
1560 |
@var{path} is used for connections. |
1561 |
|
1562 |
@item mon:@var{dev_string} |
1563 |
This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed onto |
1564 |
another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key sequence of |
1565 |
@key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}. See monitor access |
1566 |
@ref{pcsys_keys} in the -nographic section for more keys. |
1567 |
@var{dev_string} should be any one of the serial devices specified |
1568 |
above. An example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server |
1569 |
listening on port 4444 would be: |
1570 |
@table @code |
1571 |
@item -serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait |
1572 |
@end table |
1573 |
|
1574 |
@item braille |
1575 |
Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real |
1576 |
or fake device. |
1577 |
|
1578 |
@item msmouse |
1579 |
Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft protocol. |
1580 |
@end table |
1581 |
ETEXI |
1582 |
|
1583 |
DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \ |
1584 |
"-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n") |
1585 |
STEXI |
1586 |
@item -parallel @var{dev} |
1587 |
Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device @var{dev} (same |
1588 |
devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, @file{/dev/parportN} can |
1589 |
be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host |
1590 |
parallel port. |
1591 |
|
1592 |
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel |
1593 |
ports. |
1594 |
|
1595 |
Use @code{-parallel none} to disable all parallel ports. |
1596 |
ETEXI |
1597 |
|
1598 |
DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \ |
1599 |
"-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n") |
1600 |
STEXI |
1601 |
@item -monitor @var{dev} |
1602 |
Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the |
1603 |
serial port). |
1604 |
The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in |
1605 |
non graphical mode. |
1606 |
ETEXI |
1607 |
DEF("qmp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp, \ |
1608 |
"-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode\n") |
1609 |
STEXI |
1610 |
@item -qmp @var{dev} |
1611 |
Like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode. |
1612 |
ETEXI |
1613 |
|
1614 |
DEF("mon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mon, \ |
1615 |
"-mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default]\n") |
1616 |
STEXI |
1617 |
@item -mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default] |
1618 |
Setup monitor on chardev @var{name}. |
1619 |
ETEXI |
1620 |
|
1621 |
DEF("debugcon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_debugcon, \ |
1622 |
"-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'\n") |
1623 |
STEXI |
1624 |
@item -debugcon @var{dev} |
1625 |
Redirect the debug console to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the |
1626 |
serial port). The debug console is an I/O port which is typically port |
1627 |
0xe9; writing to that I/O port sends output to this device. |
1628 |
The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in |
1629 |
non graphical mode. |
1630 |
ETEXI |
1631 |
|
1632 |
DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \ |
1633 |
"-pidfile file write PID to 'file'\n") |
1634 |
STEXI |
1635 |
@item -pidfile @var{file} |
1636 |
Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU |
1637 |
from a script. |
1638 |
ETEXI |
1639 |
|
1640 |
DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \ |
1641 |
"-singlestep always run in singlestep mode\n") |
1642 |
STEXI |
1643 |
@item -singlestep |
1644 |
Run the emulation in single step mode. |
1645 |
ETEXI |
1646 |
|
1647 |
DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \ |
1648 |
"-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n") |
1649 |
STEXI |
1650 |
@item -S |
1651 |
Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor). |
1652 |
ETEXI |
1653 |
|
1654 |
DEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \ |
1655 |
"-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'\n") |
1656 |
STEXI |
1657 |
@item -gdb @var{dev} |
1658 |
Wait for gdb connection on device @var{dev} (@pxref{gdb_usage}). Typical |
1659 |
connections will likely be TCP-based, but also UDP, pseudo TTY, or even |
1660 |
stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start qemu from |
1661 |
within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe: |
1662 |
@example |
1663 |
(gdb) target remote | exec qemu -gdb stdio ... |
1664 |
@end example |
1665 |
ETEXI |
1666 |
|
1667 |
DEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \ |
1668 |
"-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT "\n") |
1669 |
STEXI |
1670 |
@item -s |
1671 |
Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234 |
1672 |
(@pxref{gdb_usage}). |
1673 |
ETEXI |
1674 |
|
1675 |
DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \ |
1676 |
"-d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use -d ? for a list of log items)\n") |
1677 |
STEXI |
1678 |
@item -d |
1679 |
Output log in /tmp/qemu.log |
1680 |
ETEXI |
1681 |
|
1682 |
DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \ |
1683 |
"-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \ |
1684 |
" force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \ |
1685 |
" translation (t=none or lba) (usually qemu can guess them)\n") |
1686 |
STEXI |
1687 |
@item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}] |
1688 |
Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <= |
1689 |
@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS |
1690 |
translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess |
1691 |
all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk |
1692 |
images. |
1693 |
ETEXI |
1694 |
|
1695 |
DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \ |
1696 |
"-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n") |
1697 |
STEXI |
1698 |
@item -L @var{path} |
1699 |
Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps. |
1700 |
ETEXI |
1701 |
|
1702 |
DEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \ |
1703 |
"-bios file set the filename for the BIOS\n") |
1704 |
STEXI |
1705 |
@item -bios @var{file} |
1706 |
Set the filename for the BIOS. |
1707 |
ETEXI |
1708 |
|
1709 |
#ifdef CONFIG_KVM |
1710 |
DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \ |
1711 |
"-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support\n") |
1712 |
#endif |
1713 |
STEXI |
1714 |
@item -enable-kvm |
1715 |
Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only available |
1716 |
if KVM support is enabled when compiling. |
1717 |
ETEXI |
1718 |
|
1719 |
#ifdef CONFIG_XEN |
1720 |
DEF("xen-domid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid, |
1721 |
"-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id\n") |
1722 |
DEF("xen-create", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_create, |
1723 |
"-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend\n" |
1724 |
" warning: should not be used when xend is in use\n") |
1725 |
DEF("xen-attach", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach, |
1726 |
"-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain\n" |
1727 |
" xend will use this when starting qemu\n") |
1728 |
#endif |
1729 |
STEXI |
1730 |
@item -xen-domid @var{id} |
1731 |
Specify xen guest domain @var{id} (XEN only). |
1732 |
@item -xen-create |
1733 |
Create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend. |
1734 |
Warning: should not be used when xend is in use (XEN only). |
1735 |
@item -xen-attach |
1736 |
Attach to existing xen domain. |
1737 |
xend will use this when starting qemu (XEN only). |
1738 |
ETEXI |
1739 |
|
1740 |
DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \ |
1741 |
"-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting\n") |
1742 |
STEXI |
1743 |
@item -no-reboot |
1744 |
Exit instead of rebooting. |
1745 |
ETEXI |
1746 |
|
1747 |
DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \ |
1748 |
"-no-shutdown stop before shutdown\n") |
1749 |
STEXI |
1750 |
@item -no-shutdown |
1751 |
Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the emulation. |
1752 |
This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit changes to the |
1753 |
disk image. |
1754 |
ETEXI |
1755 |
|
1756 |
DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \ |
1757 |
"-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \ |
1758 |
" start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n") |
1759 |
STEXI |
1760 |
@item -loadvm @var{file} |
1761 |
Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor) |
1762 |
ETEXI |
1763 |
|
1764 |
#ifndef _WIN32 |
1765 |
DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \ |
1766 |
"-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing\n") |
1767 |
#endif |
1768 |
STEXI |
1769 |
@item -daemonize |
1770 |
Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not detach from |
1771 |
standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on any of its devices. |
1772 |
This option is a useful way for external programs to launch QEMU without having |
1773 |
to cope with initialization race conditions. |
1774 |
ETEXI |
1775 |
|
1776 |
DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \ |
1777 |
"-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n") |
1778 |
STEXI |
1779 |
@item -option-rom @var{file} |
1780 |
Load the contents of @var{file} as an option ROM. |
1781 |
This option is useful to load things like EtherBoot. |
1782 |
ETEXI |
1783 |
|
1784 |
DEF("clock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_clock, \ |
1785 |
"-clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.\n" \ |
1786 |
" To see what timers are available use -clock ?\n") |
1787 |
STEXI |
1788 |
@item -clock @var{method} |
1789 |
Force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers |
1790 |
are available use -clock ?. |
1791 |
ETEXI |
1792 |
|
1793 |
HXCOMM Options deprecated by -rtc |
1794 |
DEF("localtime", 0, QEMU_OPTION_localtime, "") |
1795 |
DEF("startdate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_startdate, "") |
1796 |
|
1797 |
#ifdef TARGET_I386 |
1798 |
DEF("rtc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rtc, \ |
1799 |
"-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]\n" \ |
1800 |
" set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks\n") |
1801 |
#else |
1802 |
DEF("rtc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rtc, \ |
1803 |
"-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|vm]\n" \ |
1804 |
" set the RTC base and clock\n") |
1805 |
#endif |
1806 |
|
1807 |
STEXI |
1808 |
|
1809 |
@item -rtc [base=utc|localtime|@var{date}][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew] |
1810 |
Specify @option{base} as @code{utc} or @code{localtime} to let the RTC start at the current |
1811 |
UTC or local time, respectively. @code{localtime} is required for correct date in |
1812 |
MS-DOS or Windows. To start at a specific point in time, provide @var{date} in the |
1813 |
format @code{2006-06-17T16:01:21} or @code{2006-06-17}. The default base is UTC. |
1814 |
|
1815 |
By default the RTC is driven by the host system time. This allows to use the |
1816 |
RTC as accurate reference clock inside the guest, specifically if the host |
1817 |
time is smoothly following an accurate external reference clock, e.g. via NTP. |
1818 |
If you want to isolate the guest time from the host, even prevent it from |
1819 |
progressing during suspension, you can set @option{clock} to @code{vm} instead. |
1820 |
|
1821 |
Enable @option{driftfix} (i386 targets only) if you experience time drift problems, |
1822 |
specifically with Windows' ACPI HAL. This option will try to figure out how |
1823 |
many timer interrupts were not processed by the Windows guest and will |
1824 |
re-inject them. |
1825 |
ETEXI |
1826 |
|
1827 |
DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \ |
1828 |
"-icount [N|auto]\n" \ |
1829 |
" enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \ |
1830 |
" instruction\n") |
1831 |
STEXI |
1832 |
@item -icount [@var{N}|auto] |
1833 |
Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute one |
1834 |
instruction every 2^@var{N} ns of virtual time. If @code{auto} is specified |
1835 |
then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep virtual |
1836 |
time within a few seconds of real time. |
1837 |
|
1838 |
Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does not |
1839 |
provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain superscalar out of |
1840 |
order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The number of instructions |
1841 |
executed often has little or no correlation with actual performance. |
1842 |
ETEXI |
1843 |
|
1844 |
DEF("watchdog", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog, \ |
1845 |
"-watchdog i6300esb|ib700\n" \ |
1846 |
" enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]\n") |
1847 |
STEXI |
1848 |
@item -watchdog @var{model} |
1849 |
Create a virtual hardware watchdog device. Once enabled (by a guest |
1850 |
action), the watchdog must be periodically polled by an agent inside |
1851 |
the guest or else the guest will be restarted. |
1852 |
|
1853 |
The @var{model} is the model of hardware watchdog to emulate. Choices |
1854 |
for model are: @code{ib700} (iBASE 700) which is a very simple ISA |
1855 |
watchdog with a single timer, or @code{i6300esb} (Intel 6300ESB I/O |
1856 |
controller hub) which is a much more featureful PCI-based dual-timer |
1857 |
watchdog. Choose a model for which your guest has drivers. |
1858 |
|
1859 |
Use @code{-watchdog ?} to list available hardware models. Only one |
1860 |
watchdog can be enabled for a guest. |
1861 |
ETEXI |
1862 |
|
1863 |
DEF("watchdog-action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action, \ |
1864 |
"-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none\n" \ |
1865 |
" action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n") |
1866 |
STEXI |
1867 |
@item -watchdog-action @var{action} |
1868 |
|
1869 |
The @var{action} controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer |
1870 |
expires. |
1871 |
The default is |
1872 |
@code{reset} (forcefully reset the guest). |
1873 |
Other possible actions are: |
1874 |
@code{shutdown} (attempt to gracefully shutdown the guest), |
1875 |
@code{poweroff} (forcefully poweroff the guest), |
1876 |
@code{pause} (pause the guest), |
1877 |
@code{debug} (print a debug message and continue), or |
1878 |
@code{none} (do nothing). |
1879 |
|
1880 |
Note that the @code{shutdown} action requires that the guest responds |
1881 |
to ACPI signals, which it may not be able to do in the sort of |
1882 |
situations where the watchdog would have expired, and thus |
1883 |
@code{-watchdog-action shutdown} is not recommended for production use. |
1884 |
|
1885 |
Examples: |
1886 |
|
1887 |
@table @code |
1888 |
@item -watchdog i6300esb -watchdog-action pause |
1889 |
@item -watchdog ib700 |
1890 |
@end table |
1891 |
ETEXI |
1892 |
|
1893 |
DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \ |
1894 |
"-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n") |
1895 |
STEXI |
1896 |
|
1897 |
@item -echr @var{numeric_ascii_value} |
1898 |
Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when using |
1899 |
monitor and serial sharing. The default is @code{0x01} when using the |
1900 |
@code{-nographic} option. @code{0x01} is equal to pressing |
1901 |
@code{Control-a}. You can select a different character from the ascii |
1902 |
control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. For |
1903 |
instance you could use the either of the following to change the escape |
1904 |
character to Control-t. |
1905 |
@table @code |
1906 |
@item -echr 0x14 |
1907 |
@item -echr 20 |
1908 |
@end table |
1909 |
ETEXI |
1910 |
|
1911 |
DEF("virtioconsole", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtiocon, \ |
1912 |
"-virtioconsole c\n" \ |
1913 |
" set virtio console\n") |
1914 |
STEXI |
1915 |
@item -virtioconsole @var{c} |
1916 |
Set virtio console. |
1917 |
|
1918 |
This option is maintained for backward compatibility. |
1919 |
|
1920 |
Please use @code{-device virtconsole} for the new way of invocation. |
1921 |
ETEXI |
1922 |
|
1923 |
DEF("show-cursor", 0, QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor, \ |
1924 |
"-show-cursor show cursor\n") |
1925 |
STEXI |
1926 |
@item -show-cursor |
1927 |
Show cursor. |
1928 |
ETEXI |
1929 |
|
1930 |
DEF("tb-size", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tb_size, \ |
1931 |
"-tb-size n set TB size\n") |
1932 |
STEXI |
1933 |
@item -tb-size @var{n} |
1934 |
Set TB size. |
1935 |
ETEXI |
1936 |
|
1937 |
DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \ |
1938 |
"-incoming p prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p\n") |
1939 |
STEXI |
1940 |
@item -incoming @var{port} |
1941 |
Prepare for incoming migration, listen on @var{port}. |
1942 |
ETEXI |
1943 |
|
1944 |
DEF("nodefaults", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults, \ |
1945 |
"-nodefaults don't create default devices\n") |
1946 |
STEXI |
1947 |
@item -nodefaults |
1948 |
Don't create default devices. |
1949 |
ETEXI |
1950 |
|
1951 |
#ifndef _WIN32 |
1952 |
DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \ |
1953 |
"-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM\n") |
1954 |
#endif |
1955 |
STEXI |
1956 |
@item -chroot @var{dir} |
1957 |
Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified |
1958 |
directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas. |
1959 |
ETEXI |
1960 |
|
1961 |
#ifndef _WIN32 |
1962 |
DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \ |
1963 |
"-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n") |
1964 |
#endif |
1965 |
STEXI |
1966 |
@item -runas @var{user} |
1967 |
Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, switching |
1968 |
to the specified user. |
1969 |
ETEXI |
1970 |
|
1971 |
#if defined(TARGET_SPARC) || defined(TARGET_PPC) |
1972 |
DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env, |
1973 |
"-prom-env variable=value\n" |
1974 |
" set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n") |
1975 |
#endif |
1976 |
STEXI |
1977 |
@item -prom-env @var{variable}=@var{value} |
1978 |
Set OpenBIOS nvram @var{variable} to given @var{value} (PPC, SPARC only). |
1979 |
ETEXI |
1980 |
#if defined(TARGET_ARM) || defined(TARGET_M68K) |
1981 |
DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting, |
1982 |
"-semihosting semihosting mode\n") |
1983 |
#endif |
1984 |
STEXI |
1985 |
@item -semihosting |
1986 |
Semihosting mode (ARM, M68K only). |
1987 |
ETEXI |
1988 |
#if defined(TARGET_ARM) |
1989 |
DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param, |
1990 |
"-old-param old param mode\n") |
1991 |
#endif |
1992 |
STEXI |
1993 |
@item -old-param |
1994 |
Old param mode (ARM only). |
1995 |
ETEXI |
1996 |
|
1997 |
DEF("readconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_readconfig, |
1998 |
"-readconfig <file>\n") |
1999 |
STEXI |
2000 |
@item -readconfig @var{file} |
2001 |
Read device configuration from @var{file}. |
2002 |
ETEXI |
2003 |
DEF("writeconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig, |
2004 |
"-writeconfig <file>\n" |
2005 |
" read/write config file\n") |
2006 |
STEXI |
2007 |
@item -writeconfig @var{file} |
2008 |
Write device configuration to @var{file}. |
2009 |
ETEXI |
2010 |
DEF("nodefconfig", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefconfig, |
2011 |
"-nodefconfig\n" |
2012 |
" do not load default config files at startup\n") |
2013 |
STEXI |
2014 |
@item -nodefconfig |
2015 |
Normally QEMU loads a configuration file from @var{sysconfdir}/qemu.conf and |
2016 |
@var{sysconfdir}/target-@var{ARCH}.conf on startup. The @code{-nodefconfig} |
2017 |
option will prevent QEMU from loading these configuration files at startup. |
2018 |
ETEXI |
2019 |
|
2020 |
HXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line! |
2021 |
STEXI |
2022 |
@end table |
2023 |
ETEXI |