Synnefo » snf-ganeti

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# Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Google Inc.

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"""Functions to bootstrap a new cluster.

"""

import os

import os.path

import re

import logging

import time

from ganeti import rpc

from ganeti import ssh

from ganeti import utils

from ganeti import errors

from ganeti import config

from ganeti import constants

from ganeti import objects

from ganeti import ssconf

from ganeti import serializer

from ganeti import hypervisor

from ganeti import bdev

from ganeti import netutils

from ganeti import backend

def _InitSSHSetup():

  """Setup the SSH configuration for the cluster.

  This generates a dsa keypair for root, adds the pub key to the

  permitted hosts and adds the hostkey to its own known hosts.

  """

  priv_key, pub_key, auth_keys = ssh.GetUserFiles(constants.GANETI_RUNAS)

  for name in priv_key, pub_key:

    if os.path.exists(name):

      utils.CreateBackup(name)

    utils.RemoveFile(name)

  result = utils.RunCmd(["ssh-keygen", "-t", "dsa",

                         "-f", priv_key,

                         "-q", "-N", ""])

  if result.failed:

    raise errors.OpExecError("Could not generate ssh keypair, error %s" %

                             result.output)

  utils.AddAuthorizedKey(auth_keys, utils.ReadFile(pub_key))

def GenerateHmacKey(file_name):

  """Writes a new HMAC key.

  @type file_name: str

  @param file_name: Path to output file

  """

  utils.WriteFile(file_name, data="%s\n" % utils.GenerateSecret(), mode=0400,

                  backup=True)

def GenerateClusterCrypto(new_cluster_cert, new_rapi_cert, new_confd_hmac_key,

                          new_cds, rapi_cert_pem=None, cds=None,

                          nodecert_file=constants.NODED_CERT_FILE,

                          rapicert_file=constants.RAPI_CERT_FILE,

                          hmackey_file=constants.CONFD_HMAC_KEY,

                          cds_file=constants.CLUSTER_DOMAIN_SECRET_FILE):

  """Updates the cluster certificates, keys and secrets.

  @type new_cluster_cert: bool

  @param new_cluster_cert: Whether to generate a new cluster certificate

  @type new_rapi_cert: bool

  @param new_rapi_cert: Whether to generate a new RAPI certificate

  @type new_confd_hmac_key: bool

  @param new_confd_hmac_key: Whether to generate a new HMAC key

  @type new_cds: bool

  @param new_cds: Whether to generate a new cluster domain secret

  @type rapi_cert_pem: string

  @param rapi_cert_pem: New RAPI certificate in PEM format

  @type cds: string

  @param cds: New cluster domain secret

  @type nodecert_file: string

  @param nodecert_file: optional override of the node cert file path

  @type rapicert_file: string

  @param rapicert_file: optional override of the rapi cert file path

  @type hmackey_file: string

  @param hmackey_file: optional override of the hmac key file path

  """

  # noded SSL certificate

  cluster_cert_exists = os.path.exists(nodecert_file)

  if new_cluster_cert or not cluster_cert_exists:

    if cluster_cert_exists:

      utils.CreateBackup(nodecert_file)

    logging.debug("Generating new cluster certificate at %s", nodecert_file)

    utils.GenerateSelfSignedSslCert(nodecert_file)

  # confd HMAC key

  if new_confd_hmac_key or not os.path.exists(hmackey_file):

    logging.debug("Writing new confd HMAC key to %s", hmackey_file)

    GenerateHmacKey(hmackey_file)

  # RAPI

  rapi_cert_exists = os.path.exists(rapicert_file)

  if rapi_cert_pem:

    # Assume rapi_pem contains a valid PEM-formatted certificate and key

    logging.debug("Writing RAPI certificate at %s", rapicert_file)

    utils.WriteFile(rapicert_file, data=rapi_cert_pem, backup=True)

  elif new_rapi_cert or not rapi_cert_exists:

    if rapi_cert_exists:

      utils.CreateBackup(rapicert_file)

    logging.debug("Generating new RAPI certificate at %s", rapicert_file)

    utils.GenerateSelfSignedSslCert(rapicert_file)

  # Cluster domain secret

  if cds:

    logging.debug("Writing cluster domain secret to %s", cds_file)

    utils.WriteFile(cds_file, data=cds, backup=True)

  elif new_cds or not os.path.exists(cds_file):

    logging.debug("Generating new cluster domain secret at %s", cds_file)

    GenerateHmacKey(cds_file)

def _InitGanetiServerSetup(master_name):

  """Setup the necessary configuration for the initial node daemon.

  This creates the nodepass file containing the shared password for

  the cluster, generates the SSL certificate and starts the node daemon.

  @type master_name: str

  @param master_name: Name of the master node

  """

  # Generate cluster secrets

  GenerateClusterCrypto(True, False, False, False)

  result = utils.RunCmd([constants.DAEMON_UTIL, "start", constants.NODED])

  if result.failed:

    raise errors.OpExecError("Could not start the node daemon, command %s"

                             " had exitcode %s and error %s" %

                             (result.cmd, result.exit_code, result.output))

  _WaitForNodeDaemon(master_name)

def _WaitForNodeDaemon(node_name):

  """Wait for node daemon to become responsive.

  """

  def _CheckNodeDaemon():

    result = rpc.RpcRunner.call_version([node_name])[node_name]

    if result.fail_msg:

      raise utils.RetryAgain()

  try:

    utils.Retry(_CheckNodeDaemon, 1.0, 10.0)

  except utils.RetryTimeout:

    raise errors.OpExecError("Node daemon on %s didn't answer queries within"

                             " 10 seconds" % node_name)

def _InitFileStorage(file_storage_dir):

  """Initialize if needed the file storage.

  @param file_storage_dir: the user-supplied value

  @return: either empty string (if file storage was disabled at build

      time) or the normalized path to the storage directory

  """

  if not constants.ENABLE_FILE_STORAGE:

    return ""

  file_storage_dir = os.path.normpath(file_storage_dir)

  if not os.path.isabs(file_storage_dir):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("The file storage directory you passed is"

                               " not an absolute path.", errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  if not os.path.exists(file_storage_dir):

    try:

      os.makedirs(file_storage_dir, 0750)

    except OSError, err:

      raise errors.OpPrereqError("Cannot create file storage directory"

                                 " '%s': %s" % (file_storage_dir, err),

                                 errors.ECODE_ENVIRON)

  if not os.path.isdir(file_storage_dir):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("The file storage directory '%s' is not"

                               " a directory." % file_storage_dir,

                               errors.ECODE_ENVIRON)

  return file_storage_dir

#pylint: disable-msg=R0913

def InitCluster(cluster_name, mac_prefix,

                master_netdev, file_storage_dir, candidate_pool_size,

                secondary_ip=None, vg_name=None, beparams=None,

                nicparams=None, hvparams=None, enabled_hypervisors=None,

                modify_etc_hosts=True, modify_ssh_setup=True,

                maintain_node_health=False, drbd_helper=None,

                uid_pool=None, default_iallocator=None,

                primary_ip_version=None):

  """Initialise the cluster.

  @type candidate_pool_size: int

  @param candidate_pool_size: master candidate pool size

  """

  # TODO: complete the docstring

  if config.ConfigWriter.IsCluster():

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Cluster is already initialised",

                               errors.ECODE_STATE)

  if not enabled_hypervisors:

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Enabled hypervisors list must contain at"

                               " least one member", errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  invalid_hvs = set(enabled_hypervisors) - constants.HYPER_TYPES

  if invalid_hvs:

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Enabled hypervisors contains invalid"

                               " entries: %s" % invalid_hvs,

                               errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  ipcls = None

  if primary_ip_version == constants.IP4_VERSION:

    ipcls = netutils.IP4Address

  elif primary_ip_version == constants.IP6_VERSION:

    ipcls = netutils.IP6Address

  else:

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Invalid primary ip version: %d." %

                               primary_ip_version)

  hostname = netutils.GetHostname(family=ipcls.family)

  if not ipcls.IsValid(hostname.ip):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("This host's IP (%s) is not a valid IPv%d"

                               " address." % (hostname.ip, primary_ip_version))

  if ipcls.IsLoopback(hostname.ip):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("This host's IP (%s) resolves to a loopback"

                               " address. Please fix DNS or %s." %

                               (hostname.ip, constants.ETC_HOSTS),

                               errors.ECODE_ENVIRON)

  if not ipcls.Own(hostname.ip):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Inconsistency: this host's name resolves"

                               " to %s,\nbut this ip address does not"

                               " belong to this host" %

                               hostname.ip, errors.ECODE_ENVIRON)

  clustername = netutils.GetHostname(name=cluster_name, family=ipcls.family)

  if netutils.TcpPing(clustername.ip, constants.DEFAULT_NODED_PORT, timeout=5):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Cluster IP already active",

                               errors.ECODE_NOTUNIQUE)

  if not secondary_ip:

    if primary_ip_version == constants.IP6_VERSION:

      raise errors.OpPrereqError("When using a IPv6 primary address, a valid"

                                 " IPv4 address must be given as secondary",

                                 errors.ECODE_INVAL)

    secondary_ip = hostname.ip

  if not netutils.IP4Address.IsValid(secondary_ip):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Secondary IP address (%s) has to be a valid"

                               " IPv4 address." % secondary_ip,

                               errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  if not netutils.IP4Address.Own(secondary_ip):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("You gave %s as secondary IP,"

                               " but it does not belong to this host." %

                               secondary_ip, errors.ECODE_ENVIRON)

  if vg_name is not None:

    # Check if volume group is valid

    vgstatus = utils.CheckVolumeGroupSize(utils.ListVolumeGroups(), vg_name,

                                          constants.MIN_VG_SIZE)

    if vgstatus:

      raise errors.OpPrereqError("Error: %s\nspecify --no-lvm-storage if"

                                 " you are not using lvm" % vgstatus,

                                 errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  if drbd_helper is not None:

    try:

      curr_helper = bdev.BaseDRBD.GetUsermodeHelper()

    except errors.BlockDeviceError, err:

      raise errors.OpPrereqError("Error while checking drbd helper"

                                 " (specify --no-drbd-storage if you are not"

                                 " using drbd): %s" % str(err),

                                 errors.ECODE_ENVIRON)

    if drbd_helper != curr_helper:

      raise errors.OpPrereqError("Error: requiring %s as drbd helper but %s"

                                 " is the current helper" % (drbd_helper,

                                                             curr_helper),

                                 errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  file_storage_dir = _InitFileStorage(file_storage_dir)

  if not re.match("^[0-9a-z]{2}:[0-9a-z]{2}:[0-9a-z]{2}$", mac_prefix):

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Invalid mac prefix given '%s'" % mac_prefix,

                               errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  result = utils.RunCmd(["ip", "link", "show", "dev", master_netdev])

  if result.failed:

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("Invalid master netdev given (%s): '%s'" %

                               (master_netdev,

                                result.output.strip()), errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  dirs = [(constants.RUN_GANETI_DIR, constants.RUN_DIRS_MODE)]

  utils.EnsureDirs(dirs)

  utils.ForceDictType(beparams, constants.BES_PARAMETER_TYPES)

  utils.ForceDictType(nicparams, constants.NICS_PARAMETER_TYPES)

  objects.NIC.CheckParameterSyntax(nicparams)

  # hvparams is a mapping of hypervisor->hvparams dict

  for hv_name, hv_params in hvparams.iteritems():

    utils.ForceDictType(hv_params, constants.HVS_PARAMETER_TYPES)

    hv_class = hypervisor.GetHypervisor(hv_name)

    hv_class.CheckParameterSyntax(hv_params)

  # set up ssh config and /etc/hosts

  sshline = utils.ReadFile(constants.SSH_HOST_RSA_PUB)

  sshkey = sshline.split(" ")[1]

  if modify_etc_hosts:

    utils.AddHostToEtcHosts(hostname)

  if modify_ssh_setup:

    _InitSSHSetup()

  if default_iallocator is not None:

    alloc_script = utils.FindFile(default_iallocator,

                                  constants.IALLOCATOR_SEARCH_PATH,

                                  os.path.isfile)

    if alloc_script is None:

      raise errors.OpPrereqError("Invalid default iallocator script '%s'"

                                 " specified" % default_iallocator,

                                 errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  now = time.time()

  # init of cluster config file

  cluster_config = objects.Cluster(

    serial_no=1,

    rsahostkeypub=sshkey,

    highest_used_port=(constants.FIRST_DRBD_PORT - 1),

    mac_prefix=mac_prefix,

    volume_group_name=vg_name,

    tcpudp_port_pool=set(),

    master_node=hostname.name,

    master_ip=clustername.ip,

    master_netdev=master_netdev,

    cluster_name=clustername.name,

    file_storage_dir=file_storage_dir,

    enabled_hypervisors=enabled_hypervisors,

    beparams={constants.PP_DEFAULT: beparams},

    nicparams={constants.PP_DEFAULT: nicparams},

    hvparams=hvparams,

    candidate_pool_size=candidate_pool_size,

    modify_etc_hosts=modify_etc_hosts,

    modify_ssh_setup=modify_ssh_setup,

    uid_pool=uid_pool,

    ctime=now,

    mtime=now,

    uuid=utils.NewUUID(),

    maintain_node_health=maintain_node_health,

    drbd_usermode_helper=drbd_helper,

    default_iallocator=default_iallocator,

    primary_ip_family=ipcls.family,

    )

  master_node_config = objects.Node(name=hostname.name,

                                    primary_ip=hostname.ip,

                                    secondary_ip=secondary_ip,

                                    serial_no=1,

                                    master_candidate=True,

                                    offline=False, drained=False,

                                    )

  InitConfig(constants.CONFIG_VERSION, cluster_config, master_node_config)

  cfg = config.ConfigWriter(offline=True)

  ssh.WriteKnownHostsFile(cfg, constants.SSH_KNOWN_HOSTS_FILE)

  cfg.Update(cfg.GetClusterInfo(), logging.error)

  backend.WriteSsconfFiles(cfg.GetSsconfValues())

  # set up the inter-node password and certificate

  _InitGanetiServerSetup(hostname.name)

  # start the master ip

  # TODO: Review rpc call from bootstrap

  # TODO: Warn on failed start master

  rpc.RpcRunner.call_node_start_master(hostname.name, True, False)

def InitConfig(version, cluster_config, master_node_config,

               cfg_file=constants.CLUSTER_CONF_FILE):

  """Create the initial cluster configuration.

  It will contain the current node, which will also be the master

  node, and no instances.

  @type version: int

  @param version: configuration version

  @type cluster_config: L{objects.Cluster}

  @param cluster_config: cluster configuration

  @type master_node_config: L{objects.Node}

  @param master_node_config: master node configuration

  @type cfg_file: string

  @param cfg_file: configuration file path

  """

  nodes = {

    master_node_config.name: master_node_config,

    }

  now = time.time()

  config_data = objects.ConfigData(version=version,

                                   cluster=cluster_config,

                                   nodes=nodes,

                                   instances={},

                                   serial_no=1,

                                   ctime=now, mtime=now)

  utils.WriteFile(cfg_file,

                  data=serializer.Dump(config_data.ToDict()),

                  mode=0600)

def FinalizeClusterDestroy(master):

  """Execute the last steps of cluster destroy

  This function shuts down all the daemons, completing the destroy

  begun in cmdlib.LUDestroyOpcode.

  """

  cfg = config.ConfigWriter()

  modify_ssh_setup = cfg.GetClusterInfo().modify_ssh_setup

  result = rpc.RpcRunner.call_node_stop_master(master, True)

  msg = result.fail_msg

  if msg:

    logging.warning("Could not disable the master role: %s", msg)

  result = rpc.RpcRunner.call_node_leave_cluster(master, modify_ssh_setup)

  msg = result.fail_msg

  if msg:

    logging.warning("Could not shutdown the node daemon and cleanup"

                    " the node: %s", msg)

def SetupNodeDaemon(cluster_name, node, ssh_key_check):

  """Add a node to the cluster.

  This function must be called before the actual opcode, and will ssh

  to the remote node, copy the needed files, and start ganeti-noded,

  allowing the master to do the rest via normal rpc calls.

  @param cluster_name: the cluster name

  @param node: the name of the new node

  @param ssh_key_check: whether to do a strict key check

  """

  family = ssconf.SimpleStore().GetPrimaryIPFamily()

  sshrunner = ssh.SshRunner(cluster_name,

                            ipv6=family==netutils.IP6Address.family)

  noded_cert = utils.ReadFile(constants.NODED_CERT_FILE)

  rapi_cert = utils.ReadFile(constants.RAPI_CERT_FILE)

  confd_hmac_key = utils.ReadFile(constants.CONFD_HMAC_KEY)

  # in the base64 pem encoding, neither '!' nor '.' are valid chars,

  # so we use this to detect an invalid certificate; as long as the

  # cert doesn't contain this, the here-document will be correctly

  # parsed by the shell sequence below. HMAC keys are hexadecimal strings,

  # so the same restrictions apply.

  for content in (noded_cert, rapi_cert, confd_hmac_key):

    if re.search('^!EOF\.', content, re.MULTILINE):

      raise errors.OpExecError("invalid SSL certificate or HMAC key")

  if not noded_cert.endswith("\n"):

    noded_cert += "\n"

  if not rapi_cert.endswith("\n"):

    rapi_cert += "\n"

  if not confd_hmac_key.endswith("\n"):

    confd_hmac_key += "\n"

  bind_address = constants.IP4_ADDRESS_ANY

  if family == netutils.IP6Address.family:

    bind_address = constants.IP6_ADDRESS_ANY

  # set up inter-node password and certificate and restarts the node daemon

  # and then connect with ssh to set password and start ganeti-noded

  # note that all the below variables are sanitized at this point,

  # either by being constants or by the checks above

  # TODO: Could this command exceed a shell's maximum command length?

  mycommand = ("umask 077 && "

               "cat > '%s' << '!EOF.' && \n"

               "%s!EOF.\n"

               "cat > '%s' << '!EOF.' && \n"

               "%s!EOF.\n"

               "cat > '%s' << '!EOF.' && \n"

               "%s!EOF.\n"

               "chmod 0400 %s %s %s && "

               "%s start %s -b '%s'" %

               (constants.NODED_CERT_FILE, noded_cert,

                constants.RAPI_CERT_FILE, rapi_cert,

                constants.CONFD_HMAC_KEY, confd_hmac_key,

                constants.NODED_CERT_FILE, constants.RAPI_CERT_FILE,

                constants.CONFD_HMAC_KEY,

                constants.DAEMON_UTIL, constants.NODED, bind_address))

  result = sshrunner.Run(node, 'root', mycommand, batch=False,

                         ask_key=ssh_key_check,

                         use_cluster_key=False,

                         strict_host_check=ssh_key_check)

  if result.failed:

    raise errors.OpExecError("Remote command on node %s, error: %s,"

                             " output: %s" %

                             (node, result.fail_reason, result.output))

  _WaitForNodeDaemon(node)

def MasterFailover(no_voting=False):

  """Failover the master node.

  This checks that we are not already the master, and will cause the

  current master to cease being master, and the non-master to become

  new master.

  @type no_voting: boolean

  @param no_voting: force the operation without remote nodes agreement

                      (dangerous)

  """

  sstore = ssconf.SimpleStore()

  old_master, new_master = ssconf.GetMasterAndMyself(sstore)

  node_list = sstore.GetNodeList()

  mc_list = sstore.GetMasterCandidates()

  if old_master == new_master:

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("This commands must be run on the node"

                               " where you want the new master to be."

                               " %s is already the master" %

                               old_master, errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  if new_master not in mc_list:

    mc_no_master = [name for name in mc_list if name != old_master]

    raise errors.OpPrereqError("This node is not among the nodes marked"

                               " as master candidates. Only these nodes"

                               " can become masters. Current list of"

                               " master candidates is:\n"

                               "%s" % ('\n'.join(mc_no_master)),

                               errors.ECODE_STATE)

  if not no_voting:

    vote_list = GatherMasterVotes(node_list)

    if vote_list:

      voted_master = vote_list[0][0]

      if voted_master is None:

        raise errors.OpPrereqError("Cluster is inconsistent, most nodes did"

                                   " not respond.", errors.ECODE_ENVIRON)

      elif voted_master != old_master:

        raise errors.OpPrereqError("I have a wrong configuration, I believe"

                                   " the master is %s but the other nodes"

                                   " voted %s. Please resync the configuration"

                                   " of this node." %

                                   (old_master, voted_master),

                                   errors.ECODE_STATE)

  # end checks

  rcode = 0

  logging.info("Setting master to %s, old master: %s", new_master, old_master)

  result = rpc.RpcRunner.call_node_stop_master(old_master, True)

  msg = result.fail_msg

  if msg:

    logging.error("Could not disable the master role on the old master"

                 " %s, please disable manually: %s", old_master, msg)

  master_ip = sstore.GetMasterIP()

  total_timeout = 30

  # Here we have a phase where no master should be running

  def _check_ip():

    if netutils.TcpPing(master_ip, constants.DEFAULT_NODED_PORT):

      raise utils.RetryAgain()

  try:

    utils.Retry(_check_ip, (1, 1.5, 5), total_timeout)

  except utils.RetryTimeout:

    logging.warning("The master IP is still reachable after %s seconds,"

                    " continuing but activating the master on the current"

                    " node will probably fail", total_timeout)

  # instantiate a real config writer, as we now know we have the

  # configuration data

  cfg = config.ConfigWriter()

  cluster_info = cfg.GetClusterInfo()

  cluster_info.master_node = new_master

  # this will also regenerate the ssconf files, since we updated the

  # cluster info

  cfg.Update(cluster_info, logging.error)

  result = rpc.RpcRunner.call_node_start_master(new_master, True, no_voting)

  msg = result.fail_msg

  if msg:

    logging.error("Could not start the master role on the new master"

                  " %s, please check: %s", new_master, msg)

    rcode = 1

  return rcode

def GetMaster():

  """Returns the current master node.

  This is a separate function in bootstrap since it's needed by

  gnt-cluster, and instead of importing directly ssconf, it's better

  to abstract it in bootstrap, where we do use ssconf in other

  functions too.

  """

  sstore = ssconf.SimpleStore()

  old_master, _ = ssconf.GetMasterAndMyself(sstore)

  return old_master

def GatherMasterVotes(node_list):

  """Check the agreement on who is the master.

  This function will return a list of (node, number of votes), ordered

  by the number of votes. Errors will be denoted by the key 'None'.

  Note that the sum of votes is the number of nodes this machine

  knows, whereas the number of entries in the list could be different

  (if some nodes vote for another master).

  We remove ourselves from the list since we know that (bugs aside)

  since we use the same source for configuration information for both

  backend and boostrap, we'll always vote for ourselves.

  @type node_list: list

  @param node_list: the list of nodes to query for master info; the current

      node will be removed if it is in the list

  @rtype: list

  @return: list of (node, votes)

  """

  myself = netutils.Hostname.GetSysName()

  try:

    node_list.remove(myself)

  except ValueError:

    pass

  if not node_list:

    # no nodes left (eventually after removing myself)

    return []

  results = rpc.RpcRunner.call_master_info(node_list)

  if not isinstance(results, dict):

    # this should not happen (unless internal error in rpc)

    logging.critical("Can't complete rpc call, aborting master startup")

    return [(None, len(node_list))]

  votes = {}

  for node in results:

    nres = results[node]

    data = nres.payload

    msg = nres.fail_msg

    fail = False

    if msg:

      logging.warning("Error contacting node %s: %s", node, msg)

      fail = True

    # for now we accept both length 3 and 4 (data[3] is primary ip version)

    elif not isinstance(data, (tuple, list)) or len(data) < 3:

      logging.warning("Invalid data received from node %s: %s", node, data)

      fail = True

    if fail:

      if None not in votes:

        votes[None] = 0

      votes[None] += 1

      continue

    master_node = data[2]

    if master_node not in votes:

      votes[master_node] = 0

    votes[master_node] += 1

  vote_list = [v for v in votes.items()]

  # sort first on number of votes then on name, since we want None

  # sorted later if we have the half of the nodes not responding, and

  # half voting all for the same master

  vote_list.sort(key=lambda x: (x[1], x[0]), reverse=True)

  return vote_list