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gnt-instance(8) Ganeti | Version @GANETI_VERSION@ |
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================================================= |
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|
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Name |
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---- |
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|
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gnt-instance - Ganeti instance administration |
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|
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Synopsis |
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-------- |
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|
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**gnt-instance** {command} [arguments...] |
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|
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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|
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The **gnt-instance** command is used for instance administration in |
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the Ganeti system. |
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|
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COMMANDS |
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-------- |
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|
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Creation/removal/querying |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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ADD |
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^^^ |
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|
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| **add** |
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| {-t|--disk-template {diskless | file \| plain \| drbd \| rbd}} |
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| {--disk=*N*: {size=*VAL* \| adopt=*LV*}[,vg=*VG*][,metavg=*VG*][,mode=*ro\|rw*] |
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| \| {-s|--os-size} *SIZE*} |
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| [--no-ip-check] [--no-name-check] [--no-start] [--no-install] |
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| [--net=*N* [:options...] \| --no-nics] |
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| [{-B|--backend-parameters} *BEPARAMS*] |
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| [{-H|--hypervisor-parameters} *HYPERVISOR* [: option=*value*... ]] |
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| [{-O|--os-parameters} *param*=*value*... ] |
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| [--file-storage-dir *dir\_path*] [--file-driver {loop \| blktap}] |
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| {{-n|--node} *node[:secondary-node]* \| {-I|--iallocator} *name*} |
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| {{-o|--os-type} *os-type*} |
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| [--submit] |
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| [--ignore-ipolicy] |
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| {*instance*} |
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|
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Creates a new instance on the specified host. The *instance* argument |
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must be in DNS, but depending on the bridge/routing setup, need not be |
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in the same network as the nodes in the cluster. |
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|
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The ``disk`` option specifies the parameters for the disks of the |
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instance. The numbering of disks starts at zero, and at least one disk |
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needs to be passed. For each disk, either the size or the adoption |
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source needs to be given, and optionally the access mode (read-only or |
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the default of read-write) and the LVM volume group can also be |
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specified (via the ``vg`` key). For DRBD devices, a different VG can |
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be specified for the metadata device using the ``metavg`` key. The |
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size is interpreted (when no unit is given) in mebibytes. You can also |
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use one of the suffixes *m*, *g* or *t* to specify the exact the units |
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used; these suffixes map to mebibytes, gibibytes and tebibytes. |
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|
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When using the ``adopt`` key in the disk definition, Ganeti will |
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reuse those volumes (instead of creating new ones) as the |
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instance's disks. Ganeti will rename these volumes to the standard |
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format, and (without installing the OS) will use them as-is for the |
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instance. This allows migrating instances from non-managed mode |
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(e.g. plain KVM with LVM) to being managed via Ganeti. Please note that |
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this works only for the \`plain' disk template (see below for |
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template details). |
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|
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Alternatively, a single-disk instance can be created via the ``-s`` |
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option which takes a single argument, the size of the disk. This is |
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similar to the Ganeti 1.2 version (but will only create one disk). |
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|
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The minimum disk specification is therefore ``--disk 0:size=20G`` (or |
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``-s 20G`` when using the ``-s`` option), and a three-disk instance |
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can be specified as ``--disk 0:size=20G --disk 1:size=4G --disk |
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2:size=100G``. |
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|
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The ``--no-ip-check`` skips the checks that are done to see if the |
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instance's IP is not already alive (i.e. reachable from the master |
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node). |
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|
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The ``--no-name-check`` skips the check for the instance name via |
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the resolver (e.g. in DNS or /etc/hosts, depending on your setup). |
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Since the name check is used to compute the IP address, if you pass |
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this option you must also pass the ``--no-ip-check`` option. |
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|
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If you don't wat the instance to automatically start after |
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creation, this is possible via the ``--no-start`` option. This will |
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leave the instance down until a subsequent **gnt-instance start** |
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command. |
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|
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The NICs of the instances can be specified via the ``--net`` |
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option. By default, one NIC is created for the instance, with a |
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random MAC, and set up according the the cluster level nic |
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parameters. Each NIC can take these parameters (all optional): |
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|
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mac |
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either a value or 'generate' to generate a new unique MAC |
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|
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ip |
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specifies the IP address assigned to the instance from the Ganeti |
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side (this is not necessarily what the instance will use, but what |
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the node expects the instance to use) |
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|
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mode |
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specifies the connection mode for this nic: routed or bridged. |
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|
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link |
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in bridged mode specifies the bridge to attach this NIC to, in |
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routed mode it's intended to differentiate between different |
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routing tables/instance groups (but the meaning is dependent on |
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the network script, see gnt-cluster(8) for more details) |
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|
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|
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Of these "mode" and "link" are nic parameters, and inherit their |
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default at cluster level. Alternatively, if no network is desired for |
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the instance, you can prevent the default of one NIC with the |
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``--no-nics`` option. |
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|
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The ``-o (--os-type)`` option specifies the operating system to be |
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installed. The available operating systems can be listed with |
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**gnt-os list**. Passing ``--no-install`` will however skip the OS |
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installation, allowing a manual import if so desired. Note that the |
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no-installation mode will automatically disable the start-up of the |
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instance (without an OS, it most likely won't be able to start-up |
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successfully). |
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|
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The ``-B (--backend-parameters)`` option specifies the backend |
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parameters for the instance. If no such parameters are specified, the |
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values are inherited from the cluster. Possible parameters are: |
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|
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maxmem |
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the maximum memory size of the instance; as usual, suffixes can be |
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used to denote the unit, otherwise the value is taken in mebibytes |
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|
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minmem |
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the minimum memory size of the instance; as usual, suffixes can be |
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used to denote the unit, otherwise the value is taken in mebibytes |
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|
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vcpus |
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the number of VCPUs to assign to the instance (if this value makes |
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sense for the hypervisor) |
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|
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auto\_balance |
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whether the instance is considered in the N+1 cluster checks |
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(enough redundancy in the cluster to survive a node failure) |
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|
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always\_failover |
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``True`` or ``False``, whether the instance must be failed over |
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(shut down and rebooted) always or it may be migrated (briefly |
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suspended) |
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|
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Note that before 2.6 Ganeti had a ``memory`` parameter, which was the |
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only value of memory an instance could have. With the |
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``maxmem``/``minmem`` change Ganeti guarantees that at least the minimum |
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memory is always available for an instance, but allows more memory to be |
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used (up to the maximum memory) should it be free. |
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|
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The ``-H (--hypervisor-parameters)`` option specified the hypervisor |
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to use for the instance (must be one of the enabled hypervisors on the |
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cluster) and optionally custom parameters for this instance. If not |
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other options are used (i.e. the invocation is just -H *NAME*) the |
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instance will inherit the cluster options. The defaults below show the |
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cluster defaults at cluster creation time. |
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|
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The possible hypervisor options are as follows: |
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|
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boot\_order |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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A string value denoting the boot order. This has different meaning |
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for the Xen HVM hypervisor and for the KVM one. |
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|
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For Xen HVM, The boot order is a string of letters listing the boot |
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devices, with valid device letters being: |
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|
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a |
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floppy drive |
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|
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c |
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hard disk |
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|
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d |
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CDROM drive |
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|
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n |
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network boot (PXE) |
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|
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The default is not to set an HVM boot order, which is interpreted |
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as 'dc'. |
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|
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For KVM the boot order is either "floppy", "cdrom", "disk" or |
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"network". Please note that older versions of KVM couldn't |
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netboot from virtio interfaces. This has been fixed in more recent |
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versions and is confirmed to work at least with qemu-kvm 0.11.1. |
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|
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blockdev\_prefix |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and PVM hypervisors. |
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|
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Relevant to non-pvops guest kernels, in which the disk device names |
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are given by the host. Allows one to specify 'xvd', which helps run |
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Red Hat based installers, driven by anaconda. |
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|
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floppy\_image\_path |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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The path to a floppy disk image to attach to the instance. This |
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is useful to install Windows operating systems on Virt/IO disks |
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because you can specify here the floppy for the drivers at |
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installation time. |
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|
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cdrom\_image\_path |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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The path to a CDROM image to attach to the instance. |
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|
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cdrom2\_image\_path |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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The path to a second CDROM image to attach to the instance. |
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**NOTE**: This image can't be used to boot the system. To do that |
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you have to use the 'cdrom\_image\_path' option. |
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|
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nic\_type |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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This parameter determines the way the network cards are presented |
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to the instance. The possible options are: |
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|
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- rtl8139 (default for Xen HVM) (HVM & KVM) |
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- ne2k\_isa (HVM & KVM) |
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- ne2k\_pci (HVM & KVM) |
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- i82551 (KVM) |
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- i82557b (KVM) |
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- i82559er (KVM) |
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- pcnet (KVM) |
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- e1000 (KVM) |
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- paravirtual (default for KVM) (HVM & KVM) |
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|
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disk\_type |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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This parameter determines the way the disks are presented to the |
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instance. The possible options are: |
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|
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- ioemu [default] (HVM & KVM) |
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- ide (HVM & KVM) |
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- scsi (KVM) |
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- sd (KVM) |
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- mtd (KVM) |
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- pflash (KVM) |
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|
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|
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cdrom\_disk\_type |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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This parameter determines the way the cdroms disks are presented |
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to the instance. The default behavior is to get the same value of |
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the eariler parameter (disk_type). The possible options are: |
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|
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- paravirtual |
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- ide |
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- scsi |
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- sd |
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- mtd |
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- pflash |
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|
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|
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vnc\_bind\_address |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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Specifies the address that the VNC listener for this instance |
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should bind to. Valid values are IPv4 addresses. Use the address |
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0.0.0.0 to bind to all available interfaces (this is the default) |
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or specify the address of one of the interfaces on the node to |
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restrict listening to that interface. |
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|
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vnc\_tls |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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A boolean option that controls whether the VNC connection is |
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secured with TLS. |
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|
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vnc\_x509\_path |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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If ``vnc_tls`` is enabled, this options specifies the path to the |
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x509 certificate to use. |
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|
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vnc\_x509\_verify |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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spice\_bind |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Specifies the address or interface on which the SPICE server will |
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listen. Valid values are: |
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|
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- IPv4 addresses, including 0.0.0.0 and 127.0.0.1 |
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- IPv6 addresses, including :: and ::1 |
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- names of network interfaces |
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|
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If a network interface is specified, the SPICE server will be bound |
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to one of the addresses of that interface. |
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|
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spice\_ip\_version |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Specifies which version of the IP protocol should be used by the |
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SPICE server. |
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|
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It is mainly intended to be used for specifying what kind of IP |
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addresses should be used if a network interface with both IPv4 and |
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IPv6 addresses is specified via the ``spice_bind`` parameter. In |
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this case, if the ``spice_ip_version`` parameter is not used, the |
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default IP version of the cluster will be used. |
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|
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spice\_password\_file |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Specifies a file containing the password that must be used when |
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connecting via the SPICE protocol. If the option is not specified, |
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passwordless connections are allowed. |
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|
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spice\_image\_compression |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Configures the SPICE lossless image compression. Valid values are: |
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|
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- auto_glz |
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- auto_lz |
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- quic |
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- glz |
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- lz |
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- off |
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|
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spice\_jpeg\_wan\_compression |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Configures how SPICE should use the jpeg algorithm for lossy image |
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compression on slow links. Valid values are: |
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|
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- auto |
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- never |
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- always |
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|
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spice\_zlib\_glz\_wan\_compression |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Configures how SPICE should use the zlib-glz algorithm for lossy image |
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compression on slow links. Valid values are: |
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|
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- auto |
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- never |
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- always |
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|
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spice\_streaming\_video |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Configures how SPICE should detect video streams. Valid values are: |
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|
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- off |
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- all |
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- filter |
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|
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spice\_playback\_compression |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Configures whether SPICE should compress audio streams or not. |
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|
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spice\_use\_tls |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Specifies that the SPICE server must use TLS to encrypt all the |
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traffic with the client. |
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|
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spice\_tls\_ciphers |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Specifies a list of comma-separated ciphers that SPICE should use |
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for TLS connections. For the format, see man cipher(1). |
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|
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spice\_use\_vdagent |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Enables or disables passing mouse events via SPICE vdagent. |
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|
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acpi |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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A boolean option that specifies if the hypervisor should enable |
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ACPI support for this instance. By default, ACPI is disabled. |
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|
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pae |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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A boolean option that specifies if the hypervisor should enabled |
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PAE support for this instance. The default is false, disabling PAE |
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support. |
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|
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use\_localtime |
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Valid for the Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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A boolean option that specifies if the instance should be started |
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with its clock set to the localtime of the machine (when true) or |
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to the UTC (When false). The default is false, which is useful for |
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Linux/Unix machines; for Windows OSes, it is recommended to enable |
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this parameter. |
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|
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kernel\_path |
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Valid for the Xen PVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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This option specifies the path (on the node) to the kernel to boot |
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the instance with. Xen PVM instances always require this, while |
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for KVM if this option is empty, it will cause the machine to load |
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the kernel from its disks. |
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|
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kernel\_args |
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Valid for the Xen PVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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This options specifies extra arguments to the kernel that will be |
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loaded. device. This is always used for Xen PVM, while for KVM it |
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is only used if the ``kernel_path`` option is also specified. |
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|
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The default setting for this value is simply ``"ro"``, which |
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mounts the root disk (initially) in read-only one. For example, |
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setting this to single will cause the instance to start in |
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single-user mode. |
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|
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initrd\_path |
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Valid for the Xen PVM and KVM hypervisors. |
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|
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This option specifies the path (on the node) to the initrd to boot |
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the instance with. Xen PVM instances can use this always, while |
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for KVM if this option is only used if the ``kernel_path`` option |
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is also specified. You can pass here either an absolute filename |
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(the path to the initrd) if you want to use an initrd, or use the |
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format no\_initrd\_path for no initrd. |
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|
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root\_path |
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Valid for the Xen PVM and KVM hypervisors. |
442 |
|
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This options specifies the name of the root device. This is always |
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needed for Xen PVM, while for KVM it is only used if the |
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``kernel_path`` option is also specified. |
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|
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Please note, that if this setting is an empty string and the |
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hypervisor is Xen it will not be written to the Xen configuration |
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file |
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|
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serial\_console |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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This boolean option specifies whether to emulate a serial console |
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for the instance. |
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|
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disk\_cache |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
459 |
|
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The disk cache mode. It can be either default to not pass any |
461 |
cache option to KVM, or one of the KVM cache modes: none (for |
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direct I/O), writethrough (to use the host cache but report |
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completion to the guest only when the host has committed the |
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changes to disk) or writeback (to use the host cache and report |
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completion as soon as the data is in the host cache). Note that |
466 |
there are special considerations for the cache mode depending on |
467 |
version of KVM used and disk type (always raw file under Ganeti), |
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please refer to the KVM documentation for more details. |
469 |
|
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security\_model |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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The security model for kvm. Currently one of *none*, *user* or |
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*pool*. Under *none*, the default, nothing is done and instances |
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are run as the Ganeti daemon user (normally root). |
476 |
|
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Under *user* kvm will drop privileges and become the user |
478 |
specified by the security\_domain parameter. |
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|
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Under *pool* a global cluster pool of users will be used, making |
481 |
sure no two instances share the same user on the same node. (this |
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mode is not implemented yet) |
483 |
|
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security\_domain |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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Under security model *user* the username to run the instance |
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under. It must be a valid username existing on the host. |
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|
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Cannot be set under security model *none* or *pool*. |
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|
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kvm\_flag |
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Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
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|
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If *enabled* the -enable-kvm flag is passed to kvm. If *disabled* |
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-disable-kvm is passed. If unset no flag is passed, and the |
497 |
default running mode for your kvm binary will be used. |
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|
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mem\_path |
500 |
Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
501 |
|
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This option passes the -mem-path argument to kvm with the path (on |
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the node) to the mount point of the hugetlbfs file system, along |
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with the -mem-prealloc argument too. |
505 |
|
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use\_chroot |
507 |
Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
508 |
|
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This boolean option determines wether to run the KVM instance in a |
510 |
chroot directory. |
511 |
|
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If it is set to ``true``, an empty directory is created before |
513 |
starting the instance and its path is passed via the -chroot flag |
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to kvm. The directory is removed when the instance is stopped. |
515 |
|
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It is set to ``false`` by default. |
517 |
|
518 |
migration\_downtime |
519 |
Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
520 |
|
521 |
The maximum amount of time (in ms) a KVM instance is allowed to be |
522 |
frozen during a live migration, in order to copy dirty memory |
523 |
pages. Default value is 30ms, but you may need to increase this |
524 |
value for busy instances. |
525 |
|
526 |
This option is only effective with kvm versions >= 87 and qemu-kvm |
527 |
versions >= 0.11.0. |
528 |
|
529 |
cpu\_mask |
530 |
Valid for the LXC hypervisor. |
531 |
|
532 |
The processes belonging to the given instance are only scheduled |
533 |
on the specified CPUs. |
534 |
|
535 |
The parameter format is a comma-separated list of CPU IDs or CPU |
536 |
ID ranges. The ranges are defined by a lower and higher boundary, |
537 |
separated by a dash. The boundaries are inclusive. |
538 |
|
539 |
usb\_mouse |
540 |
Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
541 |
|
542 |
This option specifies the usb mouse type to be used. It can be |
543 |
"mouse" or "tablet". When using VNC it's recommended to set it to |
544 |
"tablet". |
545 |
|
546 |
keymap |
547 |
Valid for the KVM hypervisor. |
548 |
|
549 |
This option specifies the keyboard mapping to be used. It is only |
550 |
needed when using the VNC console. For example: "fr" or "en-gb". |
551 |
|
552 |
reboot\_behavior |
553 |
Valid for Xen PVM, Xen HVM and KVM hypervisors. |
554 |
|
555 |
Normally if an instance reboots, the hypervisor will restart it. If |
556 |
this option is set to ``exit``, the hypervisor will treat a reboot |
557 |
as a shutdown instead. |
558 |
|
559 |
It is set to ``reboot`` by default. |
560 |
|
561 |
|
562 |
The ``-O (--os-parameters)`` option allows customisation of the OS |
563 |
parameters. The actual parameter names and values depends on the OS |
564 |
being used, but the syntax is the same key=value. For example, setting |
565 |
a hypothetical ``dhcp`` parameter to yes can be achieved by:: |
566 |
|
567 |
gnt-instance add -O dhcp=yes ... |
568 |
|
569 |
The ``-I (--iallocator)`` option specifies the instance allocator |
570 |
plugin to use. If you pass in this option the allocator will select |
571 |
nodes for this instance automatically, so you don't need to pass them |
572 |
with the ``-n`` option. For more information please refer to the |
573 |
instance allocator documentation. |
574 |
|
575 |
The ``-t (--disk-template)`` options specifies the disk layout type |
576 |
for the instance. The available choices are: |
577 |
|
578 |
diskless |
579 |
This creates an instance with no disks. Its useful for testing only |
580 |
(or other special cases). |
581 |
|
582 |
file |
583 |
Disk devices will be regular files. |
584 |
|
585 |
plain |
586 |
Disk devices will be logical volumes. |
587 |
|
588 |
drbd |
589 |
Disk devices will be drbd (version 8.x) on top of lvm volumes. |
590 |
|
591 |
rbd |
592 |
Disk devices will be rbd volumes residing inside a RADOS cluster. |
593 |
|
594 |
|
595 |
The optional second value of the ``-n (--node)`` is used for the drbd |
596 |
template type and specifies the remote node. |
597 |
|
598 |
If you do not want gnt-instance to wait for the disk mirror to be |
599 |
synced, use the ``--no-wait-for-sync`` option. |
600 |
|
601 |
The ``--file-storage-dir`` specifies the relative path under the |
602 |
cluster-wide file storage directory to store file-based disks. It is |
603 |
useful for having different subdirectories for different |
604 |
instances. The full path of the directory where the disk files are |
605 |
stored will consist of cluster-wide file storage directory + optional |
606 |
subdirectory + instance name. Example: |
607 |
``@RPL_FILE_STORAGE_DIR@``*/mysubdir/instance1.example.com*. This |
608 |
option is only relevant for instances using the file storage backend. |
609 |
|
610 |
The ``--file-driver`` specifies the driver to use for file-based |
611 |
disks. Note that currently these drivers work with the xen hypervisor |
612 |
only. This option is only relevant for instances using the file |
613 |
storage backend. The available choices are: |
614 |
|
615 |
loop |
616 |
Kernel loopback driver. This driver uses loopback devices to |
617 |
access the filesystem within the file. However, running I/O |
618 |
intensive applications in your instance using the loop driver |
619 |
might result in slowdowns. Furthermore, if you use the loopback |
620 |
driver consider increasing the maximum amount of loopback devices |
621 |
(on most systems it's 8) using the max\_loop param. |
622 |
|
623 |
blktap |
624 |
The blktap driver (for Xen hypervisors). In order to be able to |
625 |
use the blktap driver you should check if the 'blktapctrl' user |
626 |
space disk agent is running (usually automatically started via |
627 |
xend). This user-level disk I/O interface has the advantage of |
628 |
better performance. Especially if you use a network file system |
629 |
(e.g. NFS) to store your instances this is the recommended choice. |
630 |
|
631 |
|
632 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
633 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
634 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
635 |
|
636 |
If ``--ignore-ipolicy`` is given any instance policy violations occuring |
637 |
during this operation are ignored. |
638 |
|
639 |
Example:: |
640 |
|
641 |
# gnt-instance add -t file --disk 0:size=30g -B maxmem=512 -o debian-etch \ |
642 |
-n node1.example.com --file-storage-dir=mysubdir instance1.example.com |
643 |
# gnt-instance add -t plain --disk 0:size=30g -B maxmem=1024,minmem=512 \ |
644 |
-o debian-etch -n node1.example.com instance1.example.com |
645 |
# gnt-instance add -t plain --disk 0:size=30g --disk 1:size=100g,vg=san \ |
646 |
-B maxmem=512 -o debian-etch -n node1.example.com instance1.example.com |
647 |
# gnt-instance add -t drbd --disk 0:size=30g -B maxmem=512 -o debian-etch \ |
648 |
-n node1.example.com:node2.example.com instance2.example.com |
649 |
|
650 |
|
651 |
BATCH-CREATE |
652 |
^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
653 |
|
654 |
**batch-create** {instances\_file.json} |
655 |
|
656 |
This command (similar to the Ganeti 1.2 **batcher** tool) submits |
657 |
multiple instance creation jobs based on a definition file. The |
658 |
instance configurations do not encompass all the possible options for |
659 |
the **add** command, but only a subset. |
660 |
|
661 |
The instance file should be a valid-formed JSON file, containing a |
662 |
dictionary with instance name and instance parameters. The accepted |
663 |
parameters are: |
664 |
|
665 |
disk\_size |
666 |
The size of the disks of the instance. |
667 |
|
668 |
disk\_template |
669 |
The disk template to use for the instance, the same as in the |
670 |
**add** command. |
671 |
|
672 |
backend |
673 |
A dictionary of backend parameters. |
674 |
|
675 |
hypervisor |
676 |
A dictionary with a single key (the hypervisor name), and as value |
677 |
the hypervisor options. If not passed, the default hypervisor and |
678 |
hypervisor options will be inherited. |
679 |
|
680 |
mac, ip, mode, link |
681 |
Specifications for the one NIC that will be created for the |
682 |
instance. 'bridge' is also accepted as a backwards compatibile |
683 |
key. |
684 |
|
685 |
nics |
686 |
List of nics that will be created for the instance. Each entry |
687 |
should be a dict, with mac, ip, mode and link as possible keys. |
688 |
Please don't provide the "mac, ip, mode, link" parent keys if you |
689 |
use this method for specifying nics. |
690 |
|
691 |
primary\_node, secondary\_node |
692 |
The primary and optionally the secondary node to use for the |
693 |
instance (in case an iallocator script is not used). |
694 |
|
695 |
iallocator |
696 |
Instead of specifying the nodes, an iallocator script can be used |
697 |
to automatically compute them. |
698 |
|
699 |
start |
700 |
whether to start the instance |
701 |
|
702 |
ip\_check |
703 |
Skip the check for already-in-use instance; see the description in |
704 |
the **add** command for details. |
705 |
|
706 |
name\_check |
707 |
Skip the name check for instances; see the description in the |
708 |
**add** command for details. |
709 |
|
710 |
file\_storage\_dir, file\_driver |
711 |
Configuration for the file disk type, see the **add** command for |
712 |
details. |
713 |
|
714 |
|
715 |
A simple definition for one instance can be (with most of the |
716 |
parameters taken from the cluster defaults):: |
717 |
|
718 |
{ |
719 |
"instance3": { |
720 |
"template": "drbd", |
721 |
"os": "debootstrap", |
722 |
"disk_size": ["25G"], |
723 |
"iallocator": "dumb" |
724 |
}, |
725 |
"instance5": { |
726 |
"template": "drbd", |
727 |
"os": "debootstrap", |
728 |
"disk_size": ["25G"], |
729 |
"iallocator": "dumb", |
730 |
"hypervisor": "xen-hvm", |
731 |
"hvparams": {"acpi": true}, |
732 |
"backend": {"maxmem": 512, "minmem": 256} |
733 |
} |
734 |
} |
735 |
|
736 |
The command will display the job id for each submitted instance, as |
737 |
follows:: |
738 |
|
739 |
# gnt-instance batch-create instances.json |
740 |
instance3: 11224 |
741 |
instance5: 11225 |
742 |
|
743 |
REMOVE |
744 |
^^^^^^ |
745 |
|
746 |
**remove** [--ignore-failures] [--shutdown-timeout=*N*] [--submit] |
747 |
[--force] {*instance*} |
748 |
|
749 |
Remove an instance. This will remove all data from the instance and |
750 |
there is *no way back*. If you are not sure if you use an instance |
751 |
again, use **shutdown** first and leave it in the shutdown state for a |
752 |
while. |
753 |
|
754 |
The ``--ignore-failures`` option will cause the removal to proceed |
755 |
even in the presence of errors during the removal of the instance |
756 |
(e.g. during the shutdown or the disk removal). If this option is not |
757 |
given, the command will stop at the first error. |
758 |
|
759 |
The ``--shutdown-timeout`` is used to specify how much time to wait |
760 |
before forcing the shutdown (e.g. ``xm destroy`` in Xen, killing the |
761 |
kvm process for KVM, etc.). By default two minutes are given to each |
762 |
instance to stop. |
763 |
|
764 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
765 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
766 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
767 |
|
768 |
The ``--force`` option is used to skip the interactive confirmation. |
769 |
|
770 |
Example:: |
771 |
|
772 |
# gnt-instance remove instance1.example.com |
773 |
|
774 |
|
775 |
LIST |
776 |
^^^^ |
777 |
|
778 |
| **list** |
779 |
| [--no-headers] [--separator=*SEPARATOR*] [--units=*UNITS*] [-v] |
780 |
| [{-o|--output} *[+]FIELD,...*] [--filter] [instance...] |
781 |
|
782 |
Shows the currently configured instances with memory usage, disk |
783 |
usage, the node they are running on, and their run status. |
784 |
|
785 |
The ``--no-headers`` option will skip the initial header line. The |
786 |
``--separator`` option takes an argument which denotes what will be |
787 |
used between the output fields. Both these options are to help |
788 |
scripting. |
789 |
|
790 |
The units used to display the numeric values in the output varies, |
791 |
depending on the options given. By default, the values will be |
792 |
formatted in the most appropriate unit. If the ``--separator`` option |
793 |
is given, then the values are shown in mebibytes to allow parsing by |
794 |
scripts. In both cases, the ``--units`` option can be used to enforce |
795 |
a given output unit. |
796 |
|
797 |
The ``-v`` option activates verbose mode, which changes the display of |
798 |
special field states (see **ganeti(7)**). |
799 |
|
800 |
The ``-o (--output)`` option takes a comma-separated list of output |
801 |
fields. The available fields and their meaning are: |
802 |
|
803 |
@QUERY_FIELDS_INSTANCE@ |
804 |
|
805 |
If the value of the option starts with the character ``+``, the new |
806 |
field(s) will be added to the default list. This allows one to quickly |
807 |
see the default list plus a few other fields, instead of retyping the |
808 |
entire list of fields. |
809 |
|
810 |
There is a subtle grouping about the available output fields: all |
811 |
fields except for ``oper_state``, ``oper_ram``, ``oper_vcpus`` and |
812 |
``status`` are configuration value and not run-time values. So if you |
813 |
don't select any of the these fields, the query will be satisfied |
814 |
instantly from the cluster configuration, without having to ask the |
815 |
remote nodes for the data. This can be helpful for big clusters when |
816 |
you only want some data and it makes sense to specify a reduced set of |
817 |
output fields. |
818 |
|
819 |
If exactly one argument is given and it appears to be a query filter |
820 |
(see **ganeti(7)**), the query result is filtered accordingly. For |
821 |
ambiguous cases (e.g. a single field name as a filter) the ``--filter`` |
822 |
(``-F``) option forces the argument to be treated as a filter (e.g. |
823 |
``gnt-instance list -F admin_state``). |
824 |
|
825 |
The default output field list is: ``name``, ``os``, ``pnode``, |
826 |
``admin_state``, ``oper_state``, ``oper_ram``. |
827 |
|
828 |
|
829 |
LIST-FIELDS |
830 |
~~~~~~~~~~~ |
831 |
|
832 |
**list-fields** [field...] |
833 |
|
834 |
Lists available fields for instances. |
835 |
|
836 |
|
837 |
INFO |
838 |
^^^^ |
839 |
|
840 |
**info** [-s \| --static] [--roman] {--all \| *instance*} |
841 |
|
842 |
Show detailed information about the given instance(s). This is |
843 |
different from **list** as it shows detailed data about the instance's |
844 |
disks (especially useful for the drbd disk template). |
845 |
|
846 |
If the option ``-s`` is used, only information available in the |
847 |
configuration file is returned, without querying nodes, making the |
848 |
operation faster. |
849 |
|
850 |
Use the ``--all`` to get info about all instances, rather than |
851 |
explicitly passing the ones you're interested in. |
852 |
|
853 |
The ``--roman`` option can be used to cause envy among people who like |
854 |
ancient cultures, but are stuck with non-latin-friendly cluster |
855 |
virtualization technologies. |
856 |
|
857 |
MODIFY |
858 |
^^^^^^ |
859 |
|
860 |
| **modify** |
861 |
| [{-H|--hypervisor-parameters} *HYPERVISOR\_PARAMETERS*] |
862 |
| [{-B|--backend-parameters} *BACKEND\_PARAMETERS*] |
863 |
| [{-m|--runtime-memory} *SIZE*] |
864 |
| [--net add*[:options]* \| --net remove \| --net *N:options*] |
865 |
| [--disk add:size=*SIZE*[,vg=*VG*][,metavg=*VG*] \| --disk remove \| |
866 |
| --disk *N*:mode=*MODE*] |
867 |
| [{-t|--disk-template} plain | {-t|--disk-template} drbd -n *new_secondary*] [--no-wait-for-sync] |
868 |
| [--os-type=*OS* [--force-variant]] |
869 |
| [{-O|--os-parameters} *param*=*value*... ] |
870 |
| [--offline \| --online] |
871 |
| [--submit] |
872 |
| [--ignore-ipolicy] |
873 |
| {*instance*} |
874 |
|
875 |
Modifies the memory size, number of vcpus, ip address, MAC address |
876 |
and/or nic parameters for an instance. It can also add and remove |
877 |
disks and NICs to/from the instance. Note that you need to give at |
878 |
least one of the arguments, otherwise the command complains. |
879 |
|
880 |
The ``-H (--hypervisor-parameters)``, ``-B (--backend-parameters)`` |
881 |
and ``-O (--os-parameters)`` options specifies hypervisor, backend and |
882 |
OS parameter options in the form of name=value[,...]. For details |
883 |
which options can be specified, see the **add** command. |
884 |
|
885 |
The ``-t (--disk-template)`` option will change the disk template of |
886 |
the instance. Currently only conversions between the plain and drbd |
887 |
disk templates are supported, and the instance must be stopped before |
888 |
attempting the conversion. When changing from the plain to the drbd |
889 |
disk template, a new secondary node must be specified via the ``-n`` |
890 |
option. The option ``--no-wait-for-sync`` can be used when converting |
891 |
to the ``drbd`` template in order to make the instance available for |
892 |
startup before DRBD has finished resyncing. |
893 |
|
894 |
The ``-m (--runtime-memory)`` option will change an instance's runtime |
895 |
memory to the given size (in MB if a different suffix is not specified), |
896 |
by ballooning it up or down to the new value. |
897 |
|
898 |
The ``--disk add:size=``*SIZE* option adds a disk to the instance. The |
899 |
optional ``vg=``*VG* option specifies LVM volume group other than |
900 |
default vg to create the disk on. For DRBD disks, the ``metavg=``*VG* |
901 |
option specifies the volume group for the metadata device. The |
902 |
``--disk remove`` option will remove the last disk of the |
903 |
instance. The ``--disk`` *N*``:mode=``*MODE* option will change the |
904 |
mode of the Nth disk of the instance between read-only (``ro``) and |
905 |
read-write (``rw``). |
906 |
|
907 |
The ``--net add:``*options* option will add a new NIC to the |
908 |
instance. The available options are the same as in the **add** command |
909 |
(mac, ip, link, mode). The ``--net remove`` will remove the last NIC |
910 |
of the instance, while the ``--net`` *N*:*options* option will change |
911 |
the parameters of the Nth instance NIC. |
912 |
|
913 |
The option ``-o (--os-type)`` will change the OS name for the instance |
914 |
(without reinstallation). In case an OS variant is specified that is |
915 |
not found, then by default the modification is refused, unless |
916 |
``--force-variant`` is passed. An invalid OS will also be refused, |
917 |
unless the ``--force`` option is given. |
918 |
|
919 |
The ``--online`` and ``--offline`` options are used to transition an |
920 |
instance into and out of the ``offline`` state. An instance can be |
921 |
turned offline only if it was previously down. The ``--online`` option |
922 |
fails if the instance was not in the ``offline`` state, otherwise it |
923 |
changes instance's state to ``down``. These modifications take effect |
924 |
immediately. |
925 |
|
926 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
927 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
928 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
929 |
|
930 |
If ``--ignore-ipolicy`` is given any instance policy violations occuring |
931 |
during this operation are ignored. |
932 |
|
933 |
Most of the changes take effect at the next restart. If the instance is |
934 |
running, there is no effect on the instance. |
935 |
|
936 |
REINSTALL |
937 |
^^^^^^^^^ |
938 |
|
939 |
| **reinstall** [{-o|--os-type} *os-type*] [--select-os] [-f *force*] |
940 |
| [--force-multiple] |
941 |
| [--instance \| --node \| --primary \| --secondary \| --all] |
942 |
| [{-O|--os-parameters} *OS\_PARAMETERS*] [--submit] {*instance*...} |
943 |
|
944 |
Reinstalls the operating system on the given instance(s). The |
945 |
instance(s) must be stopped when running this command. If the ``-o |
946 |
(--os-type)`` is specified, the operating system is changed. |
947 |
|
948 |
The ``--select-os`` option switches to an interactive OS reinstall. |
949 |
The user is prompted to select the OS template from the list of |
950 |
available OS templates. OS parameters can be overridden using ``-O |
951 |
(--os-parameters)`` (more documentation for this option under the |
952 |
**add** command). |
953 |
|
954 |
Since this is a potentially dangerous command, the user will be |
955 |
required to confirm this action, unless the ``-f`` flag is passed. |
956 |
When multiple instances are selected (either by passing multiple |
957 |
arguments or by using the ``--node``, ``--primary``, ``--secondary`` |
958 |
or ``--all`` options), the user must pass the ``--force-multiple`` |
959 |
options to skip the interactive confirmation. |
960 |
|
961 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
962 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
963 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
964 |
|
965 |
RENAME |
966 |
^^^^^^ |
967 |
|
968 |
| **rename** [--no-ip-check] [--no-name-check] [--submit] |
969 |
| {*instance*} {*new\_name*} |
970 |
|
971 |
Renames the given instance. The instance must be stopped when running |
972 |
this command. The requirements for the new name are the same as for |
973 |
adding an instance: the new name must be resolvable and the IP it |
974 |
resolves to must not be reachable (in order to prevent duplicate IPs |
975 |
the next time the instance is started). The IP test can be skipped if |
976 |
the ``--no-ip-check`` option is passed. |
977 |
|
978 |
The ``--no-name-check`` skips the check for the new instance name via |
979 |
the resolver (e.g. in DNS or /etc/hosts, depending on your setup) and |
980 |
that the resolved name matches the provided name. Since the name check |
981 |
is used to compute the IP address, if you pass this option you must also |
982 |
pass the ``--no-ip-check`` option. |
983 |
|
984 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
985 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
986 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
987 |
|
988 |
Starting/stopping/connecting to console |
989 |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
990 |
|
991 |
STARTUP |
992 |
^^^^^^^ |
993 |
|
994 |
| **startup** |
995 |
| [--force] [--ignore-offline] |
996 |
| [--force-multiple] [--no-remember] |
997 |
| [--instance \| --node \| --primary \| --secondary \| --all \| |
998 |
| --tags \| --node-tags \| --pri-node-tags \| --sec-node-tags] |
999 |
| [{-H|--hypervisor-parameters} ``key=value...``] |
1000 |
| [{-B|--backend-parameters} ``key=value...``] |
1001 |
| [--submit] [--paused] |
1002 |
| {*name*...} |
1003 |
|
1004 |
Starts one or more instances, depending on the following options. The |
1005 |
four available modes are: |
1006 |
|
1007 |
--instance |
1008 |
will start the instances given as arguments (at least one argument |
1009 |
required); this is the default selection |
1010 |
|
1011 |
--node |
1012 |
will start the instances who have the given node as either primary |
1013 |
or secondary |
1014 |
|
1015 |
--primary |
1016 |
will start all instances whose primary node is in the list of nodes |
1017 |
passed as arguments (at least one node required) |
1018 |
|
1019 |
--secondary |
1020 |
will start all instances whose secondary node is in the list of |
1021 |
nodes passed as arguments (at least one node required) |
1022 |
|
1023 |
--all |
1024 |
will start all instances in the cluster (no arguments accepted) |
1025 |
|
1026 |
--tags |
1027 |
will start all instances in the cluster with the tags given as |
1028 |
arguments |
1029 |
|
1030 |
--node-tags |
1031 |
will start all instances in the cluster on nodes with the tags |
1032 |
given as arguments |
1033 |
|
1034 |
--pri-node-tags |
1035 |
will start all instances in the cluster on primary nodes with the |
1036 |
tags given as arguments |
1037 |
|
1038 |
--sec-node-tags |
1039 |
will start all instances in the cluster on secondary nodes with the |
1040 |
tags given as arguments |
1041 |
|
1042 |
Note that although you can pass more than one selection option, the |
1043 |
last one wins, so in order to guarantee the desired result, don't pass |
1044 |
more than one such option. |
1045 |
|
1046 |
Use ``--force`` to start even if secondary disks are failing. |
1047 |
``--ignore-offline`` can be used to ignore offline primary nodes and |
1048 |
mark the instance as started even if the primary is not available. |
1049 |
|
1050 |
The ``--force-multiple`` will skip the interactive confirmation in the |
1051 |
case the more than one instance will be affected. |
1052 |
|
1053 |
The ``--no-remember`` option will perform the startup but not change |
1054 |
the state of the instance in the configuration file (if it was stopped |
1055 |
before, Ganeti will still thinks it needs to be stopped). This can be |
1056 |
used for testing, or for a one shot-start where you don't want the |
1057 |
watcher to restart the instance if it crashes. |
1058 |
|
1059 |
The ``-H (--hypervisor-parameters)`` and ``-B (--backend-parameters)`` |
1060 |
options specify temporary hypervisor and backend parameters that can |
1061 |
be used to start an instance with modified parameters. They can be |
1062 |
useful for quick testing without having to modify an instance back and |
1063 |
forth, e.g.:: |
1064 |
|
1065 |
# gnt-instance start -H kernel_args="single" instance1 |
1066 |
# gnt-instance start -B maxmem=2048 instance2 |
1067 |
|
1068 |
|
1069 |
The first form will start the instance instance1 in single-user mode, |
1070 |
and the instance instance2 with 2GB of RAM (this time only, unless |
1071 |
that is the actual instance memory size already). Note that the values |
1072 |
override the instance parameters (and not extend them): an instance |
1073 |
with "kernel\_args=ro" when started with -H kernel\_args=single will |
1074 |
result in "single", not "ro single". The ``--submit`` option is used |
1075 |
to send the job to the master daemon but not wait for its |
1076 |
completion. The job ID will be shown so that it can be examined via |
1077 |
**gnt-job info**. |
1078 |
|
1079 |
The ``--paused`` option is only valid for Xen and kvm hypervisors. This |
1080 |
pauses the instance at the start of bootup, awaiting ``gnt-instance |
1081 |
console`` to unpause it, allowing the entire boot process to be |
1082 |
monitored for debugging. |
1083 |
|
1084 |
Example:: |
1085 |
|
1086 |
# gnt-instance start instance1.example.com |
1087 |
# gnt-instance start --node node1.example.com node2.example.com |
1088 |
# gnt-instance start --all |
1089 |
|
1090 |
|
1091 |
SHUTDOWN |
1092 |
^^^^^^^^ |
1093 |
|
1094 |
| **shutdown** |
1095 |
| [--timeout=*N*] |
1096 |
| [--force-multiple] [--ignore-offline] [--no-remember] |
1097 |
| [--instance \| --node \| --primary \| --secondary \| --all \| |
1098 |
| --tags \| --node-tags \| --pri-node-tags \| --sec-node-tags] |
1099 |
| [--submit] |
1100 |
| {*name*...} |
1101 |
|
1102 |
Stops one or more instances. If the instance cannot be cleanly stopped |
1103 |
during a hardcoded interval (currently 2 minutes), it will forcibly |
1104 |
stop the instance (equivalent to switching off the power on a physical |
1105 |
machine). |
1106 |
|
1107 |
The ``--timeout`` is used to specify how much time to wait before |
1108 |
forcing the shutdown (e.g. ``xm destroy`` in Xen, killing the kvm |
1109 |
process for KVM, etc.). By default two minutes are given to each |
1110 |
instance to stop. |
1111 |
|
1112 |
The ``--instance``, ``--node``, ``--primary``, ``--secondary``, |
1113 |
``--all``, ``--tags``, ``--node-tags``, ``--pri-node-tags`` and |
1114 |
``--sec-node-tags`` options are similar as for the **startup** command |
1115 |
and they influence the actual instances being shutdown. |
1116 |
|
1117 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
1118 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
1119 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
1120 |
|
1121 |
``--ignore-offline`` can be used to ignore offline primary nodes and |
1122 |
force the instance to be marked as stopped. This option should be used |
1123 |
with care as it can lead to an inconsistent cluster state. |
1124 |
|
1125 |
The ``--no-remember`` option will perform the shutdown but not change |
1126 |
the state of the instance in the configuration file (if it was running |
1127 |
before, Ganeti will still thinks it needs to be running). This can be |
1128 |
useful for a cluster-wide shutdown, where some instances are marked as |
1129 |
up and some as down, and you don't want to change the running state: |
1130 |
you just need to disable the watcher, shutdown all instances with |
1131 |
``--no-remember``, and when the watcher is activated again it will |
1132 |
restore the correct runtime state for all instances. |
1133 |
|
1134 |
Example:: |
1135 |
|
1136 |
# gnt-instance shutdown instance1.example.com |
1137 |
# gnt-instance shutdown --all |
1138 |
|
1139 |
|
1140 |
REBOOT |
1141 |
^^^^^^ |
1142 |
|
1143 |
| **reboot** |
1144 |
| [{-t|--type} *REBOOT-TYPE*] |
1145 |
| [--ignore-secondaries] |
1146 |
| [--shutdown-timeout=*N*] |
1147 |
| [--force-multiple] |
1148 |
| [--instance \| --node \| --primary \| --secondary \| --all \| |
1149 |
| --tags \| --node-tags \| --pri-node-tags \| --sec-node-tags] |
1150 |
| [--submit] |
1151 |
| [*name*...] |
1152 |
|
1153 |
Reboots one or more instances. The type of reboot depends on the value |
1154 |
of ``-t (--type)``. A soft reboot does a hypervisor reboot, a hard reboot |
1155 |
does a instance stop, recreates the hypervisor config for the instance |
1156 |
and starts the instance. A full reboot does the equivalent of |
1157 |
**gnt-instance shutdown && gnt-instance startup**. The default is |
1158 |
hard reboot. |
1159 |
|
1160 |
For the hard reboot the option ``--ignore-secondaries`` ignores errors |
1161 |
for the secondary node while re-assembling the instance disks. |
1162 |
|
1163 |
The ``--instance``, ``--node``, ``--primary``, ``--secondary``, |
1164 |
``--all``, ``--tags``, ``--node-tags``, ``--pri-node-tags`` and |
1165 |
``--sec-node-tags`` options are similar as for the **startup** command |
1166 |
and they influence the actual instances being rebooted. |
1167 |
|
1168 |
The ``--shutdown-timeout`` is used to specify how much time to wait |
1169 |
before forcing the shutdown (xm destroy in xen, killing the kvm |
1170 |
process, for kvm). By default two minutes are given to each instance |
1171 |
to stop. |
1172 |
|
1173 |
The ``--force-multiple`` will skip the interactive confirmation in the |
1174 |
case the more than one instance will be affected. |
1175 |
|
1176 |
Example:: |
1177 |
|
1178 |
# gnt-instance reboot instance1.example.com |
1179 |
# gnt-instance reboot --type=full instance1.example.com |
1180 |
|
1181 |
|
1182 |
CONSOLE |
1183 |
^^^^^^^ |
1184 |
|
1185 |
**console** [--show-cmd] {*instance*} |
1186 |
|
1187 |
Connects to the console of the given instance. If the instance is not |
1188 |
up, an error is returned. Use the ``--show-cmd`` option to display the |
1189 |
command instead of executing it. |
1190 |
|
1191 |
For HVM instances, this will attempt to connect to the serial console |
1192 |
of the instance. To connect to the virtualized "physical" console of a |
1193 |
HVM instance, use a VNC client with the connection info from the |
1194 |
**info** command. |
1195 |
|
1196 |
For Xen/kvm instances, if the instance is paused, this attempts to |
1197 |
unpause the instance after waiting a few seconds for the connection to |
1198 |
the console to be made. |
1199 |
|
1200 |
Example:: |
1201 |
|
1202 |
# gnt-instance console instance1.example.com |
1203 |
|
1204 |
|
1205 |
Disk management |
1206 |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
1207 |
|
1208 |
REPLACE-DISKS |
1209 |
^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
1210 |
|
1211 |
**replace-disks** [--submit] [--early-release] [--ignore-ipolicy] {-p} |
1212 |
[--disks *idx*] {*instance*} |
1213 |
|
1214 |
**replace-disks** [--submit] [--early-release] [--ignore-ipolicy] {-s} |
1215 |
[--disks *idx*] {*instance*} |
1216 |
|
1217 |
**replace-disks** [--submit] [--early-release] [--ignore-ipolicy] |
1218 |
{--iallocator *name* \| -- {*instance*} |
1219 |
|
1220 |
**replace-disks** [--submit] [--early-release] [--ignore-ipolicy] |
1221 |
{--auto} {*instance*} |
1222 |
|
1223 |
This command is a generalized form for replacing disks. It is |
1224 |
currently only valid for the mirrored (DRBD) disk template. |
1225 |
|
1226 |
The first form (when passing the ``-p`` option) will replace the disks |
1227 |
on the primary, while the second form (when passing the ``-s`` option |
1228 |
will replace the disks on the secondary node. For these two cases (as |
1229 |
the node doesn't change), it is possible to only run the replace for a |
1230 |
subset of the disks, using the option ``--disks`` which takes a list |
1231 |
of comma-delimited disk indices (zero-based), e.g. 0,2 to replace only |
1232 |
the first and third disks. |
1233 |
|
1234 |
The third form (when passing either the ``--iallocator`` or the |
1235 |
``--new-secondary`` option) is designed to change secondary node of |
1236 |
the instance. Specifying ``--iallocator`` makes the new secondary be |
1237 |
selected automatically by the specified allocator plugin, otherwise |
1238 |
the new secondary node will be the one chosen manually via the |
1239 |
``--new-secondary`` option. |
1240 |
|
1241 |
The fourth form (when using ``--auto``) will automatically determine |
1242 |
which disks of an instance are faulty and replace them within the same |
1243 |
node. The ``--auto`` option works only when an instance has only |
1244 |
faulty disks on either the primary or secondary node; it doesn't work |
1245 |
when both sides have faulty disks. |
1246 |
|
1247 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
1248 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
1249 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
1250 |
|
1251 |
The ``--early-release`` changes the code so that the old storage on |
1252 |
secondary node(s) is removed early (before the resync is completed) |
1253 |
and the internal Ganeti locks for the current (and new, if any) |
1254 |
secondary node are also released, thus allowing more parallelism in |
1255 |
the cluster operation. This should be used only when recovering from a |
1256 |
disk failure on the current secondary (thus the old storage is already |
1257 |
broken) or when the storage on the primary node is known to be fine |
1258 |
(thus we won't need the old storage for potential recovery). |
1259 |
|
1260 |
The ``--ignore-ipolicy`` let the command ignore instance policy |
1261 |
violations if replace-disks changes groups and the instance would |
1262 |
violate the new groups instance policy. |
1263 |
|
1264 |
Note that it is not possible to select an offline or drained node as a |
1265 |
new secondary. |
1266 |
|
1267 |
ACTIVATE-DISKS |
1268 |
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
1269 |
|
1270 |
**activate-disks** [--submit] [--ignore-size] {*instance*} |
1271 |
|
1272 |
Activates the block devices of the given instance. If successful, the |
1273 |
command will show the location and name of the block devices:: |
1274 |
|
1275 |
node1.example.com:disk/0:/dev/drbd0 |
1276 |
node1.example.com:disk/1:/dev/drbd1 |
1277 |
|
1278 |
|
1279 |
In this example, *node1.example.com* is the name of the node on which |
1280 |
the devices have been activated. The *disk/0* and *disk/1* are the |
1281 |
Ganeti-names of the instance disks; how they are visible inside the |
1282 |
instance is hypervisor-specific. */dev/drbd0* and */dev/drbd1* are the |
1283 |
actual block devices as visible on the node. The ``--submit`` option |
1284 |
is used to send the job to the master daemon but not wait for its |
1285 |
completion. The job ID will be shown so that it can be examined via |
1286 |
**gnt-job info**. |
1287 |
|
1288 |
The ``--ignore-size`` option can be used to activate disks ignoring |
1289 |
the currently configured size in Ganeti. This can be used in cases |
1290 |
where the configuration has gotten out of sync with the real-world |
1291 |
(e.g. after a partially-failed grow-disk operation or due to rounding |
1292 |
in LVM devices). This should not be used in normal cases, but only |
1293 |
when activate-disks fails without it. |
1294 |
|
1295 |
Note that it is safe to run this command while the instance is already |
1296 |
running. |
1297 |
|
1298 |
DEACTIVATE-DISKS |
1299 |
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
1300 |
|
1301 |
**deactivate-disks** [-f] [--submit] {*instance*} |
1302 |
|
1303 |
De-activates the block devices of the given instance. Note that if you |
1304 |
run this command for an instance with a drbd disk template, while it |
1305 |
is running, it will not be able to shutdown the block devices on the |
1306 |
primary node, but it will shutdown the block devices on the secondary |
1307 |
nodes, thus breaking the replication. |
1308 |
|
1309 |
The ``-f``/``--force`` option will skip checks that the instance is |
1310 |
down; in case the hypervisor is confused and we can't talk to it, |
1311 |
normally Ganeti will refuse to deactivate the disks, but with this |
1312 |
option passed it will skip this check and directly try to deactivate |
1313 |
the disks. This can still fail due to the instance actually running or |
1314 |
other issues. |
1315 |
|
1316 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
1317 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
1318 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
1319 |
|
1320 |
GROW-DISK |
1321 |
^^^^^^^^^ |
1322 |
|
1323 |
**grow-disk** [--no-wait-for-sync] [--submit] {*instance*} {*disk*} |
1324 |
{*amount*} |
1325 |
|
1326 |
Grows an instance's disk. This is only possible for instances having a |
1327 |
plain, drbd or rbd disk template. |
1328 |
|
1329 |
Note that this command only change the block device size; it will not |
1330 |
grow the actual filesystems, partitions, etc. that live on that |
1331 |
disk. Usually, you will need to: |
1332 |
|
1333 |
#. use **gnt-instance grow-disk** |
1334 |
|
1335 |
#. reboot the instance (later, at a convenient time) |
1336 |
|
1337 |
#. use a filesystem resizer, such as ext2online(8) or |
1338 |
xfs\_growfs(8) to resize the filesystem, or use fdisk(8) to change |
1339 |
the partition table on the disk |
1340 |
|
1341 |
The *disk* argument is the index of the instance disk to grow. The |
1342 |
*amount* argument is given either as a number (and it represents the |
1343 |
amount to increase the disk with in mebibytes) or can be given similar |
1344 |
to the arguments in the create instance operation, with a suffix |
1345 |
denoting the unit. |
1346 |
|
1347 |
For instances with a drbd template, note that the disk grow operation |
1348 |
might complete on one node but fail on the other; this will leave the |
1349 |
instance with different-sized LVs on the two nodes, but this will not |
1350 |
create problems (except for unused space). |
1351 |
|
1352 |
If you do not want gnt-instance to wait for the new disk region to be |
1353 |
synced, use the ``--no-wait-for-sync`` option. |
1354 |
|
1355 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
1356 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
1357 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
1358 |
|
1359 |
Example (increase the first disk for instance1 by 16GiB):: |
1360 |
|
1361 |
# gnt-instance grow-disk instance1.example.com 0 16g |
1362 |
|
1363 |
|
1364 |
Also note that disk shrinking is not supported; use **gnt-backup |
1365 |
export** and then **gnt-backup import** to reduce the disk size of an |
1366 |
instance. |
1367 |
|
1368 |
RECREATE-DISKS |
1369 |
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
1370 |
|
1371 |
| **recreate-disks** [--submit] [-n node1:[node2]] |
1372 |
| [--disk=*N*[:[size=*VAL*][,mode=*ro\|rw*]]] {*instance*} |
1373 |
|
1374 |
Recreates all or a subset of disks of the given instance. |
1375 |
|
1376 |
Note that this functionality should only be used for missing disks; if |
1377 |
any of the given disks already exists, the operation will fail. While |
1378 |
this is suboptimal, recreate-disks should hopefully not be needed in |
1379 |
normal operation and as such the impact of this is low. |
1380 |
|
1381 |
If only a subset should be recreated, any number of ``disk`` options can |
1382 |
be specified. It expects a disk index and an optional list of disk |
1383 |
parameters to change. Only ``size`` and ``mode`` can be changed while |
1384 |
recreating disks. To recreate all disks while changing parameters on |
1385 |
a subset only, a ``--disk`` option must be given for every disk of the |
1386 |
instance. |
1387 |
|
1388 |
Optionally the instance's disks can be recreated on different |
1389 |
nodes. This can be useful if, for example, the original nodes of the |
1390 |
instance have gone down (and are marked offline), so we can't recreate |
1391 |
on the same nodes. To do this, pass the new node(s) via ``-n`` option, |
1392 |
with a syntax similar to the **add** command. The number of nodes |
1393 |
passed must equal the number of nodes that the instance currently |
1394 |
has. Note that changing nodes is only allowed when all disks are |
1395 |
replaced, e.g. when no ``--disk`` option is passed. |
1396 |
|
1397 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
1398 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
1399 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
1400 |
|
1401 |
Recovery |
1402 |
~~~~~~~~ |
1403 |
|
1404 |
FAILOVER |
1405 |
^^^^^^^^ |
1406 |
|
1407 |
| **failover** [-f] [--ignore-consistency] [--ignore-ipolicy] |
1408 |
| [--shutdown-timeout=*N*] |
1409 |
| [{-n|--target-node} *node* \| {-I|--iallocator} *name*] |
1410 |
| [--submit] |
1411 |
| {*instance*} |
1412 |
|
1413 |
Failover will stop the instance (if running), change its primary node, |
1414 |
and if it was originally running it will start it again (on the new |
1415 |
primary). This only works for instances with drbd template (in which |
1416 |
case you can only fail to the secondary node) and for externally |
1417 |
mirrored templates (blockdev and rbd) (which can change to any other |
1418 |
node). |
1419 |
|
1420 |
If the instance's disk template is of type blockdev or rbd, then you |
1421 |
can explicitly specify the target node (which can be any node) using |
1422 |
the ``-n`` or ``--target-node`` option, or specify an iallocator plugin |
1423 |
using the ``-I`` or ``--iallocator`` option. If you omit both, the default |
1424 |
iallocator will be used to specify the target node. |
1425 |
|
1426 |
Normally the failover will check the consistency of the disks before |
1427 |
failing over the instance. If you are trying to migrate instances off |
1428 |
a dead node, this will fail. Use the ``--ignore-consistency`` option |
1429 |
for this purpose. Note that this option can be dangerous as errors in |
1430 |
shutting down the instance will be ignored, resulting in possibly |
1431 |
having the instance running on two machines in parallel (on |
1432 |
disconnected DRBD drives). |
1433 |
|
1434 |
The ``--shutdown-timeout`` is used to specify how much time to wait |
1435 |
before forcing the shutdown (xm destroy in xen, killing the kvm |
1436 |
process, for kvm). By default two minutes are given to each instance |
1437 |
to stop. |
1438 |
|
1439 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
1440 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
1441 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
1442 |
|
1443 |
If ``--ignore-ipolicy`` is given any instance policy violations occuring |
1444 |
during this operation are ignored. |
1445 |
|
1446 |
Example:: |
1447 |
|
1448 |
# gnt-instance failover instance1.example.com |
1449 |
|
1450 |
|
1451 |
MIGRATE |
1452 |
^^^^^^^ |
1453 |
|
1454 |
**migrate** [-f] {--cleanup} {*instance*} |
1455 |
|
1456 |
**migrate** [-f] [--allow-failover] [--non-live] |
1457 |
[--migration-mode=live\|non-live] [--ignore-ipolicy] |
1458 |
[--no-runtime-changes] |
1459 |
[{-n|--target-node} *node* \| {-I|--iallocator} *name*] {*instance*} |
1460 |
|
1461 |
Migrate will move the instance to its secondary node without shutdown. |
1462 |
As with failover, it only works for instances having the drbd disk |
1463 |
template or an externally mirrored disk template type such as blockdev |
1464 |
or rbd. |
1465 |
|
1466 |
If the instance's disk template is of type blockdev or rbd, then you can |
1467 |
explicitly specify the target node (which can be any node) using the |
1468 |
``-n`` or ``--target-node`` option, or specify an iallocator plugin |
1469 |
using the ``-I`` or ``--iallocator`` option. If you omit both, the |
1470 |
default iallocator will be used to specify the target node. |
1471 |
|
1472 |
The migration command needs a perfectly healthy instance, as we rely |
1473 |
on the dual-master capability of drbd8 and the disks of the instance |
1474 |
are not allowed to be degraded. |
1475 |
|
1476 |
The ``--non-live`` and ``--migration-mode=non-live`` options will |
1477 |
switch (for the hypervisors that support it) between a "fully live" |
1478 |
(i.e. the interruption is as minimal as possible) migration and one in |
1479 |
which the instance is frozen, its state saved and transported to the |
1480 |
remote node, and then resumed there. This all depends on the |
1481 |
hypervisor support for two different methods. In any case, it is not |
1482 |
an error to pass this parameter (it will just be ignored if the |
1483 |
hypervisor doesn't support it). The option ``--migration-mode=live`` |
1484 |
option will request a fully-live migration. The default, when neither |
1485 |
option is passed, depends on the hypervisor parameters (and can be |
1486 |
viewed with the **gnt-cluster info** command). |
1487 |
|
1488 |
If the ``--cleanup`` option is passed, the operation changes from |
1489 |
migration to attempting recovery from a failed previous migration. In |
1490 |
this mode, Ganeti checks if the instance runs on the correct node (and |
1491 |
updates its configuration if not) and ensures the instances's disks |
1492 |
are configured correctly. In this mode, the ``--non-live`` option is |
1493 |
ignored. |
1494 |
|
1495 |
The option ``-f`` will skip the prompting for confirmation. |
1496 |
|
1497 |
If ``--allow-failover`` is specified it tries to fallback to failover if |
1498 |
it already can determine that a migration won't work (e.g. if the |
1499 |
instance is shut down). Please note that the fallback will not happen |
1500 |
during execution. If a migration fails during execution it still fails. |
1501 |
|
1502 |
If ``--ignore-ipolicy`` is given any instance policy violations occuring |
1503 |
during this operation are ignored. |
1504 |
|
1505 |
The ``--no-runtime-changes`` option forbids migrate to alter an |
1506 |
instance's runtime before migrating it (eg. ballooning an instance |
1507 |
down because the target node doesn't have enough available memory). |
1508 |
|
1509 |
Example (and expected output):: |
1510 |
|
1511 |
# gnt-instance migrate instance1 |
1512 |
Instance instance1 will be migrated. Note that migration |
1513 |
might impact the instance if anything goes wrong (e.g. due to bugs in |
1514 |
the hypervisor). Continue? |
1515 |
y/[n]/?: y |
1516 |
Migrating instance instance1.example.com |
1517 |
* checking disk consistency between source and target |
1518 |
* switching node node2.example.com to secondary mode |
1519 |
* changing into standalone mode |
1520 |
* changing disks into dual-master mode |
1521 |
* wait until resync is done |
1522 |
* preparing node2.example.com to accept the instance |
1523 |
* migrating instance to node2.example.com |
1524 |
* switching node node1.example.com to secondary mode |
1525 |
* wait until resync is done |
1526 |
* changing into standalone mode |
1527 |
* changing disks into single-master mode |
1528 |
* wait until resync is done |
1529 |
* done |
1530 |
# |
1531 |
|
1532 |
|
1533 |
MOVE |
1534 |
^^^^ |
1535 |
|
1536 |
**move** [-f] [--ignore-consistency] |
1537 |
[-n *node*] [--shutdown-timeout=*N*] [--submit] [--ignore-ipolicy] |
1538 |
{*instance*} |
1539 |
|
1540 |
Move will move the instance to an arbitrary node in the cluster. This |
1541 |
works only for instances having a plain or file disk template. |
1542 |
|
1543 |
Note that since this operation is done via data copy, it will take a |
1544 |
long time for big disks (similar to replace-disks for a drbd |
1545 |
instance). |
1546 |
|
1547 |
The ``--shutdown-timeout`` is used to specify how much time to wait |
1548 |
before forcing the shutdown (e.g. ``xm destroy`` in XEN, killing the |
1549 |
kvm process for KVM, etc.). By default two minutes are given to each |
1550 |
instance to stop. |
1551 |
|
1552 |
The ``--ignore-consistency`` option will make Ganeti ignore any errors |
1553 |
in trying to shutdown the instance on its node; useful if the |
1554 |
hypervisor is broken and you want to recuperate the data. |
1555 |
|
1556 |
The ``--submit`` option is used to send the job to the master daemon |
1557 |
but not wait for its completion. The job ID will be shown so that it |
1558 |
can be examined via **gnt-job info**. |
1559 |
|
1560 |
If ``--ignore-ipolicy`` is given any instance policy violations occuring |
1561 |
during this operation are ignored. |
1562 |
|
1563 |
Example:: |
1564 |
|
1565 |
# gnt-instance move -n node3.example.com instance1.example.com |
1566 |
|
1567 |
|
1568 |
CHANGE-GROUP |
1569 |
~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
1570 |
|
1571 |
**change-group** [--iallocator *NAME*] [--to *GROUP*...] {*instance*} |
1572 |
|
1573 |
This command moves an instance to another node group. The move is |
1574 |
calculated by an iallocator, either given on the command line or as a |
1575 |
cluster default. |
1576 |
|
1577 |
If no specific destination groups are specified using ``--to``, all |
1578 |
groups except the one containing the instance are considered. |
1579 |
|
1580 |
Example:: |
1581 |
|
1582 |
# gnt-instance change-group -I hail --to rack2 inst1.example.com |
1583 |
|
1584 |
|
1585 |
TAGS |
1586 |
~~~~ |
1587 |
|
1588 |
ADD-TAGS |
1589 |
^^^^^^^^ |
1590 |
|
1591 |
**add-tags** [--from *file*] {*instancename*} {*tag*...} |
1592 |
|
1593 |
Add tags to the given instance. If any of the tags contains invalid |
1594 |
characters, the entire operation will abort. |
1595 |
|
1596 |
If the ``--from`` option is given, the list of tags will be extended |
1597 |
with the contents of that file (each line becomes a tag). In this |
1598 |
case, there is not need to pass tags on the command line (if you do, |
1599 |
both sources will be used). A file name of ``-`` will be interpreted |
1600 |
as stdin. |
1601 |
|
1602 |
LIST-TAGS |
1603 |
^^^^^^^^^ |
1604 |
|
1605 |
**list-tags** {*instancename*} |
1606 |
|
1607 |
List the tags of the given instance. |
1608 |
|
1609 |
REMOVE-TAGS |
1610 |
^^^^^^^^^^^ |
1611 |
|
1612 |
**remove-tags** [--from *file*] {*instancename*} {*tag*...} |
1613 |
|
1614 |
Remove tags from the given instance. If any of the tags are not |
1615 |
existing on the node, the entire operation will abort. |
1616 |
|
1617 |
If the ``--from`` option is given, the list of tags to be removed will |
1618 |
be extended with the contents of that file (each line becomes a tag). |
1619 |
In this case, there is not need to pass tags on the command line (if |
1620 |
you do, tags from both sources will be removed). A file name of ``-`` |
1621 |
will be interpreted as stdin. |
1622 |
|
1623 |
.. vim: set textwidth=72 : |
1624 |
.. Local Variables: |
1625 |
.. mode: rst |
1626 |
.. fill-column: 72 |
1627 |
.. End: |