/lib/hypervisor/hv_kvm.py - snf-ganeti - Greek Research and Technology Network's projects

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+      #
+      #
       # Copyright (C) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Google Inc.
+      #
       # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
       # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
       # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
       # (at your option) any later version.
+      #
       # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
       # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
       # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
       # General Public License for more details.
+      #
       # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
       # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
       # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
       # 02110-1301, USA.
       """KVM hypervisor
       """
       import errno
       import os
       import os.path
       import re
       import tempfile
       import time
       import logging
       import pwd
       import struct
       import fcntl
       import shutil
       import urllib2
       import socket
       import stat
       import StringIO
       from bitarray import bitarray
       try:
         import affinity   # pylint: disable=F0401
       except ImportError:
         affinity = None
       try:
         import fdsend   # pylint: disable=F0401
       except ImportError:
         fdsend = None
       from ganeti import utils
       from ganeti import constants
       from ganeti import errors
       from ganeti import serializer
       from ganeti import objects
       from ganeti import uidpool
       from ganeti import ssconf
       from ganeti import netutils
       from ganeti import pathutils
       from ganeti.hypervisor import hv_base
       from ganeti.utils import wrapper as utils_wrapper
       _KVM_NETWORK_SCRIPT = pathutils.CONF_DIR + "/kvm-vif-bridge"
       _KVM_START_PAUSED_FLAG = "-S"
       # TUN/TAP driver constants, taken from <linux/if_tun.h>
       # They are architecture-independent and already hardcoded in qemu-kvm source,
       # so we can safely include them here.
       TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
       TUNGETIFF = 0x800454d2
       TUNGETFEATURES = 0x800454cf
       IFF_TAP = 0x0002
       IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000
       IFF_VNET_HDR = 0x4000
       #: SPICE parameters which depend on L{constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND}
       _SPICE_ADDITIONAL_PARAMS = frozenset([
         constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_IP_VERSION,
         constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_PASSWORD_FILE,
         constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_LOSSLESS_IMG_COMPR,
         constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_JPEG_IMG_COMPR,
         constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_ZLIB_GLZ_IMG_COMPR,
         constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_STREAMING_VIDEO_DETECTION,
         constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_USE_TLS,
         ])
       # Constant bitarray that reflects to a free pci slot
       # Use it with bitarray.search()
       _AVAILABLE_PCI_SLOT = bitarray("0")
       # below constants show the format of runtime file
       # the nics are in second possition, while the disks in 4th (last)
       # moreover disk entries are stored as a list of in tuples
       # (L{objects.Disk}, link_name, uri)
       _KVM_NICS_RUNTIME_INDEX = 1
       _KVM_DISKS_RUNTIME_INDEX = 3
       _DEVICE_RUNTIME_INDEX = {
         constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_DISK: _KVM_DISKS_RUNTIME_INDEX,
         constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC: _KVM_NICS_RUNTIME_INDEX
+        }
       _FIND_RUNTIME_ENTRY = {
         constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC:
           lambda nic, kvm_nics: [n for n in kvm_nics if n.uuid == nic.uuid],
         constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_DISK:
           lambda disk, kvm_disks: [(d, l, u) for (d, l, u) in kvm_disks
                                    if d.uuid == disk.uuid]
+        }
       _RUNTIME_DEVICE = {
         constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC: lambda d: d,
         constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_DISK: lambda (d, e, _): d
+        }
       _RUNTIME_ENTRY = {
         constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC: lambda d, e: d,
         constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_DISK: lambda d, e: (d, e, None)
+        }
       def _GenerateDeviceKVMId(dev_type, dev):
         """Helper function to generate a unique device name used by KVM
         QEMU monitor commands use names to identify devices. Here we use their pci
         slot and a part of their UUID to name them. dev.pci might be None for old
         devices in the cluster.
         @type dev_type: sting
         @param dev_type: device type of param dev
         @type dev: L{objects.Disk} or L{objects.NIC}
         @param dev: the device object for which we generate a kvm name
         @raise errors.HotplugError: in case a device has no pci slot (old devices)
         """
         if not dev.pci:
           raise errors.HotplugError("Hotplug is not supported for %s with UUID %s" %
                                     (dev_type, dev.uuid))
         return "%s-%s-pci-%d" % (dev_type.lower(), dev.uuid.split("-")[0], dev.pci)
       def _UpdatePCISlots(dev, pci_reservations):
         """Update pci configuration for a stopped instance
         If dev has a pci slot then reserve it, else find first available
         in pci_reservations bitarray. It acts on the same objects passed
         as params so there is no need to return anything.
         @type dev: L{objects.Disk} or L{objects.NIC}
         @param dev: the device object for which we update its pci slot
         @type pci_reservations: bitarray
         @param pci_reservations: existing pci reservations for an instance
         @raise errors.HotplugError: in case an instance has all its slot occupied
         """
         if dev.pci:
           free = dev.pci
         else: # pylint: disable=E1103
           [free] = pci_reservations.search(_AVAILABLE_PCI_SLOT, 1)
           if not free:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("All PCI slots occupied")
           dev.pci = int(free)
         pci_reservations[free] = True
       def _GetExistingDeviceInfo(dev_type, device, runtime):
         """Helper function to get an existing device inside the runtime file
         Used when an instance is running. Load kvm runtime file and search
         for a device based on its type and uuid.
         @type dev_type: sting
         @param dev_type: device type of param dev
         @type device: L{objects.Disk} or L{objects.NIC}
         @param device: the device object for which we generate a kvm name
         @type runtime: tuple (cmd, nics, hvparams, disks)
         @param runtime: the runtime data to search for the device
         @raise errors.HotplugError: in case the requested device does not
           exist (e.g. device has been added without --hotplug option) or
           device info has not pci slot (e.g. old devices in the cluster)
         """
         index = _DEVICE_RUNTIME_INDEX[dev_type]
         found = _FIND_RUNTIME_ENTRY[dev_type](device, runtime[index])
         if not found:
           raise errors.HotplugError("Cannot find runtime info for %s with UUID %s" %
                                     (dev_type, device.uuid))
         return found[0]
       def _UpgradeSerializedRuntime(serialized_runtime):
         """Upgrade runtime data
         Remove any deprecated fields or change the format of the data.
         The runtime files are not upgraded when Ganeti is upgraded, so the required
         modification have to be performed here.
         @type serialized_runtime: string
         @param serialized_runtime: raw text data read from actual runtime file
         @return: (cmd, nic dicts, hvparams, bdev dicts)
         @rtype: tuple
         """
         loaded_runtime = serializer.Load(serialized_runtime)
         kvm_cmd, serialized_nics, hvparams = loaded_runtime[:3]
         if len(loaded_runtime) >= 4:
           serialized_disks = loaded_runtime[3]
         else:
           serialized_disks = []
         for nic in serialized_nics:
           # Add a dummy uuid slot if an pre-2.8 NIC is found
           if "uuid" not in nic:
             nic["uuid"] = utils.NewUUID()
         return kvm_cmd, serialized_nics, hvparams, serialized_disks
       def _AnalyzeSerializedRuntime(serialized_runtime):
         """Return runtime entries for a serialized runtime file
         @type serialized_runtime: string
         @param serialized_runtime: raw text data read from actual runtime file
         @return: (cmd, nics, hvparams, bdevs)
         @rtype: tuple
         """
         kvm_cmd, serialized_nics, hvparams, serialized_disks = \
           _UpgradeSerializedRuntime(serialized_runtime)
         kvm_nics = [objects.NIC.FromDict(snic) for snic in serialized_nics]
         kvm_disks = [(objects.Disk.FromDict(sdisk), link, uri)
                      for sdisk, link, uri in serialized_disks]
         return (kvm_cmd, kvm_nics, hvparams, kvm_disks)
       def _GetTunFeatures(fd, _ioctl=fcntl.ioctl):
         """Retrieves supported TUN features from file descriptor.
         @see: L{_ProbeTapVnetHdr}
         """
         req = struct.pack("I", 0)
         try:
           buf = _ioctl(fd, TUNGETFEATURES, req)
         except EnvironmentError, err:
           logging.warning("ioctl(TUNGETFEATURES) failed: %s", err)
           return None
         else:
           (flags, ) = struct.unpack("I", buf)
           return flags
       def _ProbeTapVnetHdr(fd, _features_fn=_GetTunFeatures):
         """Check whether to enable the IFF_VNET_HDR flag.
         To do this, _all_ of the following conditions must be met:
 . TUNGETFEATURES ioctl() *must* be implemented
 . TUNGETFEATURES ioctl() result *must* contain the IFF_VNET_HDR flag
 . TUNGETIFF ioctl() *must* be implemented; reading the kernel code in
             drivers/net/tun.c there is no way to test this until after the tap device
             has been created using TUNSETIFF, and there is no way to change the
             IFF_VNET_HDR flag after creating the interface, catch-22! However both
             TUNGETIFF and TUNGETFEATURES were introduced in kernel version 2.6.27,
             thus we can expect TUNGETIFF to be present if TUNGETFEATURES is.
          @type fd: int
          @param fd: the file descriptor of /dev/net/tun
         """
         flags = _features_fn(fd)
         if flags is None:
           # Not supported
           return False
         result = bool(flags & IFF_VNET_HDR)
         if not result:
           logging.warning("Kernel does not support IFF_VNET_HDR, not enabling")
         return result
       def _OpenTap(vnet_hdr=True, name=""):
         """Open a new tap device and return its file descriptor.
         This is intended to be used by a qemu-type hypervisor together with the -net
         tap,fd=<fd> command line parameter.
         @type vnet_hdr: boolean
         @param vnet_hdr: Enable the VNET Header
         @type name: string
         @param name: name for the TAP interface being created; if an empty
                      string is passed, the OS will generate a unique name
         @return: (ifname, tapfd)
         @rtype: tuple
         """
         try:
           tapfd = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
         except EnvironmentError:
           raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to open /dev/net/tun")
         flags = IFF_TAP | IFF_NO_PI
         if vnet_hdr and _ProbeTapVnetHdr(tapfd):
           flags |= IFF_VNET_HDR
         # The struct ifreq ioctl request (see netdevice(7))
         ifr = struct.pack("16sh", name, flags)
         try:
           res = fcntl.ioctl(tapfd, TUNSETIFF, ifr)
         except EnvironmentError, err:
           raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to allocate a new TAP device: %s" %
                                        err)
         # Get the interface name from the ioctl
         ifname = struct.unpack("16sh", res)[0].strip("\x00")
         return (ifname, tapfd)
       class HeadRequest(urllib2.Request):
         def get_method(self):
           return "HEAD"
       def _CheckUrl(url):
         """Check if a given URL exists on the server
         """
         try:
           urllib2.urlopen(HeadRequest(url))
           return True
         except urllib2.URLError:
           return False
       class QmpMessage:
         """QEMU Messaging Protocol (QMP) message.
         """
         def __init__(self, data):
           """Creates a new QMP message based on the passed data.
           """
           if not isinstance(data, dict):
             raise TypeError("QmpMessage must be initialized with a dict")
           self.data = data
         def __getitem__(self, field_name):
           """Get the value of the required field if present, or None.
           Overrides the [] operator to provide access to the message data,
           returning None if the required item is not in the message
           @return: the value of the field_name field, or None if field_name
                    is not contained in the message
           """
           return self.data.get(field_name, None)
         def __setitem__(self, field_name, field_value):
           """Set the value of the required field_name to field_value.
           """
           self.data[field_name] = field_value
         def __len__(self):
           """Return the number of fields stored in this QmpMessage.
           """
           return len(self.data)
         def __delitem__(self, key):
           """Delete the specified element from the QmpMessage.
           """
           del(self.data[key])
         @staticmethod
         def BuildFromJsonString(json_string):
           """Build a QmpMessage from a JSON encoded string.
           @type json_string: str
           @param json_string: JSON string representing the message
           @rtype: L{QmpMessage}
           @return: a L{QmpMessage} built from json_string
           """
           # Parse the string
           data = serializer.LoadJson(json_string)
           return QmpMessage(data)
         def __str__(self):
           # The protocol expects the JSON object to be sent as a single line.
           return serializer.DumpJson(self.data)
         def __eq__(self, other):
           # When comparing two QmpMessages, we are interested in comparing
           # their internal representation of the message data
           return self.data == other.data
       class MonitorSocket(object):
         _SOCKET_TIMEOUT = 5
         def __init__(self, monitor_filename):
           """Instantiates the MonitorSocket object.
           @type monitor_filename: string
           @param monitor_filename: the filename of the UNIX raw socket on which the
                                    monitor (QMP or simple one) is listening
           """
           self.monitor_filename = monitor_filename
           self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
           # We want to fail if the server doesn't send a complete message
           # in a reasonable amount of time
           self.sock.settimeout(self._SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
           self._connected = False
         def _check_socket(self):
           sock_stat = None
           try:
             sock_stat = os.stat(self.monitor_filename)
           except EnvironmentError, err:
             if err.errno == errno.ENOENT:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("No monitor socket found")
             else:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Error checking monitor socket: %s",
                                            utils.ErrnoOrStr(err))
           if not stat.S_ISSOCK(sock_stat.st_mode):
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Monitor socket is not a socket")
         def _check_connection(self):
           """Make sure that the connection is established.
           """
           if not self._connected:
             raise errors.ProgrammerError("To use a MonitorSocket you need to first"
                                          " invoke connect() on it")
         def connect(self):
           """Connects to the monitor.
           Connects to the UNIX socket
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when there are communication errors
           """
           if self._connected:
             raise errors.ProgrammerError("Cannot connect twice")
           self._check_socket()
           # Check file existance/stuff
           try:
             self.sock.connect(self.monitor_filename)
           except EnvironmentError:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Can't connect to qmp socket")
           self._connected = True
         def close(self):
           """Closes the socket
           It cannot be used after this call.
           """
           self.sock.close()
       class QmpConnection(MonitorSocket):
         """Connection to the QEMU Monitor using the QEMU Monitor Protocol (QMP).
         """
         _FIRST_MESSAGE_KEY = "QMP"
         _EVENT_KEY = "event"
         _ERROR_KEY = "error"
         _RETURN_KEY = RETURN_KEY = "return"
         _ACTUAL_KEY = ACTUAL_KEY = "actual"
         _ERROR_CLASS_KEY = "class"
         _ERROR_DESC_KEY = "desc"
         _EXECUTE_KEY = "execute"
         _ARGUMENTS_KEY = "arguments"
         _CAPABILITIES_COMMAND = "qmp_capabilities"
         _MESSAGE_END_TOKEN = "\r\n"
         def __init__(self, monitor_filename):
           super(QmpConnection, self).__init__(monitor_filename)
           self._buf = ""
         def connect(self):
           """Connects to the QMP monitor.
           Connects to the UNIX socket and makes sure that we can actually send and
           receive data to the kvm instance via QMP.
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when there are communication errors
           @raise errors.ProgrammerError: when there are data serialization errors
           """
           super(QmpConnection, self).connect()
           # Check if we receive a correct greeting message from the server
           # (As per the QEMU Protocol Specification 0.1 - section 2.2)
           greeting = self._Recv()
           if not greeting[self._FIRST_MESSAGE_KEY]:
             self._connected = False
             raise errors.HypervisorError("kvm: QMP communication error (wrong"
                                          " server greeting")
           # Let's put the monitor in command mode using the qmp_capabilities
           # command, or else no command will be executable.
           # (As per the QEMU Protocol Specification 0.1 - section 4)
           self.Execute(self._CAPABILITIES_COMMAND)
         def _ParseMessage(self, buf):
           """Extract and parse a QMP message from the given buffer.
           Seeks for a QMP message in the given buf. If found, it parses it and
           returns it together with the rest of the characters in the buf.
           If no message is found, returns None and the whole buffer.
           @raise errors.ProgrammerError: when there are data serialization errors
           """
           message = None
           # Check if we got the message end token (CRLF, as per the QEMU Protocol
           # Specification 0.1 - Section 2.1.1)
           pos = buf.find(self._MESSAGE_END_TOKEN)
           if pos >= 0:
             try:
               message = QmpMessage.BuildFromJsonString(buf[:pos + 1])
             except Exception, err:
               raise errors.ProgrammerError("QMP data serialization error: %s" % err)
             buf = buf[pos + 1:]
           return (message, buf)
         def _Recv(self):
           """Receives a message from QMP and decodes the received JSON object.
           @rtype: QmpMessage
           @return: the received message
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when there are communication errors
           @raise errors.ProgrammerError: when there are data serialization errors
           """
           self._check_connection()
           # Check if there is already a message in the buffer
           (message, self._buf) = self._ParseMessage(self._buf)
           if message:
             return message
           recv_buffer = StringIO.StringIO(self._buf)
           recv_buffer.seek(len(self._buf))
           try:
             while True:
               data = self.sock.recv(4096)
               if not data:
                 break
               recv_buffer.write(data)
               (message, self._buf) = self._ParseMessage(recv_buffer.getvalue())
               if message:
                 return message
           except socket.timeout, err:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Timeout while receiving a QMP message: "
                                          "%s" % (err))
           except socket.error, err:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Unable to receive data from KVM using the"
                                          " QMP protocol: %s" % err)
         def _Send(self, message):
           """Encodes and sends a message to KVM using QMP.
           @type message: QmpMessage
           @param message: message to send to KVM
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when there are communication errors
           @raise errors.ProgrammerError: when there are data serialization errors
           """
           self._check_connection()
           try:
             message_str = str(message)
           except Exception, err:
             raise errors.ProgrammerError("QMP data deserialization error: %s" % err)
           try:
             self.sock.sendall(message_str)
           except socket.timeout, err:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Timeout while sending a QMP message: "
                                          "%s (%s)" % (err.string, err.errno))
           except socket.error, err:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Unable to send data from KVM using the"
                                          " QMP protocol: %s" % err)
         def Execute(self, command, arguments=None):
           """Executes a QMP command and returns the response of the server.
           @type command: str
           @param command: the command to execute
           @type arguments: dict
           @param arguments: dictionary of arguments to be passed to the command
           @rtype: dict
           @return: dictionary representing the received JSON object
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when there are communication errors
           @raise errors.ProgrammerError: when there are data serialization errors
           """
           self._check_connection()
           message = QmpMessage({self._EXECUTE_KEY: command})
           if arguments:
             message[self._ARGUMENTS_KEY] = arguments
           self._Send(message)
           # Events can occur between the sending of the command and the reception
           # of the response, so we need to filter out messages with the event key.
           while True:
             response = self._Recv()
             err = response[self._ERROR_KEY]
             if err:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("kvm: error executing the %s"
                                            " command: %s (%s):" %
                                            (command,
                                             err[self._ERROR_DESC_KEY],
                                             err[self._ERROR_CLASS_KEY]))
             elif not response[self._EVENT_KEY]:
               return response
       class KVMHypervisor(hv_base.BaseHypervisor):
         """KVM hypervisor interface
         """
         CAN_MIGRATE = True
         _ROOT_DIR = pathutils.RUN_DIR + "/kvm-hypervisor"
         _PIDS_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/pid" # contains live instances pids
         _UIDS_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/uid" # contains instances reserved uids
         _CTRL_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/ctrl" # contains instances control sockets
         _CONF_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/conf" # contains instances startup data
         _NICS_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/nic" # contains instances nic <-> tap associations
         _KEYMAP_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/keymap" # contains instances keymaps
         # KVM instances with chroot enabled are started in empty chroot directories.
         _CHROOT_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/chroot" # for empty chroot directories
         # After an instance is stopped, its chroot directory is removed.
         # If the chroot directory is not empty, it can't be removed.
         # A non-empty chroot directory indicates a possible security incident.
         # To support forensics, the non-empty chroot directory is quarantined in
         # a separate directory, called 'chroot-quarantine'.
         _CHROOT_QUARANTINE_DIR = _ROOT_DIR + "/chroot-quarantine"
         _DIRS = [_ROOT_DIR, _PIDS_DIR, _UIDS_DIR, _CTRL_DIR, _CONF_DIR, _NICS_DIR,
                  _CHROOT_DIR, _CHROOT_QUARANTINE_DIR, _KEYMAP_DIR]
         PARAMETERS = {
           constants.HV_KVM_PATH: hv_base.REQ_FILE_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KERNEL_PATH: hv_base.OPT_FILE_CHECK,
           constants.HV_INITRD_PATH: hv_base.OPT_FILE_CHECK,
           constants.HV_ROOT_PATH: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KERNEL_ARGS: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_ACPI: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_SERIAL_SPEED: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS: hv_base.NO_CHECK, # will be checked later
           constants.HV_VNC_TLS: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_VNC_X509: hv_base.OPT_DIR_CHECK,
           constants.HV_VNC_X509_VERIFY: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_VNC_PASSWORD_FILE: hv_base.OPT_FILE_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND: hv_base.NO_CHECK, # will be checked later
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_IP_VERSION:
             (False, lambda x: (x == constants.IFACE_NO_IP_VERSION_SPECIFIED or
                                x in constants.VALID_IP_VERSIONS),
              "The SPICE IP version should be 4 or 6",
              None, None),
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_PASSWORD_FILE: hv_base.OPT_FILE_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_LOSSLESS_IMG_COMPR:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(
               False, constants.HT_KVM_SPICE_VALID_LOSSLESS_IMG_COMPR_OPTIONS),
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_JPEG_IMG_COMPR:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(
               False, constants.HT_KVM_SPICE_VALID_LOSSY_IMG_COMPR_OPTIONS),
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_ZLIB_GLZ_IMG_COMPR:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(
               False, constants.HT_KVM_SPICE_VALID_LOSSY_IMG_COMPR_OPTIONS),
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_STREAMING_VIDEO_DETECTION:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(
               False, constants.HT_KVM_SPICE_VALID_VIDEO_STREAM_DETECTION_OPTIONS),
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_AUDIO_COMPR: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_USE_TLS: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_TLS_CIPHERS: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_USE_VDAGENT: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_FLOPPY_IMAGE_PATH: hv_base.OPT_FILE_CHECK,
           constants.HV_CDROM_IMAGE_PATH: hv_base.OPT_FILE_OR_URL_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_CDROM2_IMAGE_PATH: hv_base.OPT_FILE_OR_URL_CHECK,
           constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(True, constants.HT_KVM_VALID_BO_TYPES),
           constants.HV_NIC_TYPE:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(True, constants.HT_KVM_VALID_NIC_TYPES),
           constants.HV_DISK_TYPE:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(True, constants.HT_KVM_VALID_DISK_TYPES),
           constants.HV_KVM_CDROM_DISK_TYPE:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(False, constants.HT_KVM_VALID_DISK_TYPES),
           constants.HV_USB_MOUSE:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(False, constants.HT_KVM_VALID_MOUSE_TYPES),
           constants.HV_KEYMAP: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_MIGRATION_PORT: hv_base.REQ_NET_PORT_CHECK,
           constants.HV_MIGRATION_BANDWIDTH: hv_base.REQ_NONNEGATIVE_INT_CHECK,
           constants.HV_MIGRATION_DOWNTIME: hv_base.REQ_NONNEGATIVE_INT_CHECK,
           constants.HV_MIGRATION_MODE: hv_base.MIGRATION_MODE_CHECK,
           constants.HV_USE_LOCALTIME: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_DISK_CACHE:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(True, constants.HT_VALID_CACHE_TYPES),
           constants.HV_SECURITY_MODEL:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(True, constants.HT_KVM_VALID_SM_TYPES),
           constants.HV_SECURITY_DOMAIN: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_FLAG:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(False, constants.HT_KVM_FLAG_VALUES),
           constants.HV_VHOST_NET: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_USE_CHROOT: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_USER_SHUTDOWN: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_MEM_PATH: hv_base.OPT_DIR_CHECK,
           constants.HV_REBOOT_BEHAVIOR:
             hv_base.ParamInSet(True, constants.REBOOT_BEHAVIORS),
           constants.HV_CPU_MASK: hv_base.OPT_MULTI_CPU_MASK_CHECK,
           constants.HV_CPU_TYPE: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_CPU_CORES: hv_base.OPT_NONNEGATIVE_INT_CHECK,
           constants.HV_CPU_THREADS: hv_base.OPT_NONNEGATIVE_INT_CHECK,
           constants.HV_CPU_SOCKETS: hv_base.OPT_NONNEGATIVE_INT_CHECK,
           constants.HV_SOUNDHW: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_USB_DEVICES: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_VGA: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_EXTRA: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_KVM_MACHINE_VERSION: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
           constants.HV_VNET_HDR: hv_base.NO_CHECK,
+          }
         _VIRTIO = "virtio"
         _VIRTIO_NET_PCI = "virtio-net-pci"
         _VIRTIO_BLK_PCI = "virtio-blk-pci"
         _MIGRATION_STATUS_RE = re.compile(r"Migration\s+status:\s+(\w+)",
                                           re.M | re.I)
         _MIGRATION_PROGRESS_RE = \
           re.compile(r"\s*transferred\s+ram:\s+(?P<transferred>\d+)\s+kbytes\s*\n"
                      r"\s*remaining\s+ram:\s+(?P<remaining>\d+)\s+kbytes\s*\n"
                      r"\s*total\s+ram:\s+(?P<total>\d+)\s+kbytes\s*\n", re.I)
         _MIGRATION_INFO_MAX_BAD_ANSWERS = 5
         _MIGRATION_INFO_RETRY_DELAY = 2
         _VERSION_RE = re.compile(r"\b(\d+)\.(\d+)(\.(\d+))?\b")
         _CPU_INFO_RE = re.compile(r"cpu\s+\#(\d+).*thread_id\s*=\s*(\d+)", re.I)
         _CPU_INFO_CMD = "info cpus"
         _CONT_CMD = "cont"
         _DEFAULT_MACHINE_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r"^(\S+).*\(default\)", re.M)
         _CHECK_MACHINE_VERSION_RE = \
           staticmethod(lambda x: re.compile(r"^(%s)[ ]+.*PC" % x, re.M))
         _QMP_RE = re.compile(r"^-qmp\s", re.M)
         _SPICE_RE = re.compile(r"^-spice\s", re.M)
         _VHOST_RE = re.compile(r"^-net\s.*,vhost=on|off", re.M)
         _ENABLE_KVM_RE = re.compile(r"^-enable-kvm\s", re.M)
         _DISABLE_KVM_RE = re.compile(r"^-disable-kvm\s", re.M)
         _NETDEV_RE = re.compile(r"^-netdev\s", re.M)
         _DISPLAY_RE = re.compile(r"^-display\s", re.M)
         _MACHINE_RE = re.compile(r"^-machine\s", re.M)
         _VIRTIO_NET_RE = re.compile(r"^name \"%s\"" % _VIRTIO_NET_PCI, re.M)
         _VIRTIO_BLK_RE = re.compile(r"^name \"%s\"" % _VIRTIO_BLK_PCI, re.M)
         # match  -drive.*boot=on|off on different lines, but in between accept only
         # dashes not preceeded by a new line (which would mean another option
         # different than -drive is starting)
         _BOOT_RE = re.compile(r"^-drive\s([^-]|(?<!^)-)*,boot=on\|off", re.M | re.S)
         _UUID_RE = re.compile(r"^-uuid\s", re.M)
         _INFO_PCI_RE = re.compile(r'Bus.*device[ ]*(\d+).*')
         _INFO_PCI_CMD = "info pci"
         _INFO_VERSION_RE = \
           re.compile(r'^QEMU (\d+)\.(\d+)(\.(\d+))?.*monitor.*', re.M)
         _INFO_VERSION_CMD = "info version"
         _DEFAULT_PCI_RESERVATIONS = "11110000000000000000000000000000"
         ANCILLARY_FILES = [
           _KVM_NETWORK_SCRIPT,
+          ]
         ANCILLARY_FILES_OPT = [
           _KVM_NETWORK_SCRIPT,
+          ]
         # Supported kvm options to get output from
         _KVMOPT_HELP = "help"
         _KVMOPT_MLIST = "mlist"
         _KVMOPT_DEVICELIST = "devicelist"
         # Command to execute to get the output from kvm, and whether to
         # accept the output even on failure.
         _KVMOPTS_CMDS = {
           _KVMOPT_HELP: (["--help"], False),
           _KVMOPT_MLIST: (["-M", "?"], False),
           _KVMOPT_DEVICELIST: (["-device", "?"], True),
+        }
         def __init__(self):
           hv_base.BaseHypervisor.__init__(self)
           # Let's make sure the directories we need exist, even if the RUN_DIR lives
           # in a tmpfs filesystem or has been otherwise wiped out.
           dirs = [(dname, constants.RUN_DIRS_MODE) for dname in self._DIRS]
           utils.EnsureDirs(dirs)
         @classmethod
         def _InstancePidFile(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the instance pidfile.
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._PIDS_DIR, instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceUidFile(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the instance uidfile.
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._UIDS_DIR, instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _InstancePidInfo(cls, pid):
           """Check pid file for instance information.
           Check that a pid file is associated with an instance, and retrieve
           information from its command line.
           @type pid: string or int
           @param pid: process id of the instance to check
           @rtype: tuple
           @return: (instance_name, memory, vcpus)
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when an instance cannot be found
           """
           alive = utils.IsProcessAlive(pid)
           if not alive:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Cannot get info for pid %s" % pid)
           cmdline_file = utils.PathJoin("/proc", str(pid), "cmdline")
           try:
             cmdline = utils.ReadFile(cmdline_file)
           except EnvironmentError, err:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Can't open cmdline file for pid %s: %s" %
                                          (pid, err))
           instance = None
           memory = 0
           vcpus = 0
           arg_list = cmdline.split("\x00")
           while arg_list:
             arg = arg_list.pop(0)
             if arg == "-name":
               instance = arg_list.pop(0)
             elif arg == "-m":
               memory = int(arg_list.pop(0))
             elif arg == "-smp":
               vcpus = int(arg_list.pop(0).split(",")[0])
           if instance is None:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Pid %s doesn't contain a ganeti kvm"
                                          " instance" % pid)
           return (instance, memory, vcpus)
         @classmethod
         def _InstancePidAlive(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the instance pidfile, pid, and liveness.
           @type instance_name: string
           @param instance_name: instance name
           @rtype: tuple
           @return: (pid file name, pid, liveness)
           """
           pidfile = cls._InstancePidFile(instance_name)
           pid = utils.ReadPidFile(pidfile)
           alive = False
           try:
             cmd_instance = cls._InstancePidInfo(pid)[0]
             alive = (cmd_instance == instance_name)
           except errors.HypervisorError:
             pass
           return (pidfile, pid, alive)
         @classmethod
         def _CheckDown(cls, instance_name):
           """Raises an error unless the given instance is down.
           """
           alive = cls._InstancePidAlive(instance_name)[2]
           if alive:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to start instance %s: %s" %
                                          (instance_name, "already running"))
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceMonitor(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the instance monitor socket name
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._CTRL_DIR, "%s.monitor" % instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceSerial(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the instance serial socket name
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._CTRL_DIR, "%s.serial" % instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceQmpMonitor(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the instance serial QMP socket name
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._CTRL_DIR, "%s.qmp" % instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceShutdownMonitor(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the instance QMP output filename
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._CTRL_DIR, "%s.shutdown" % instance_name)
         @staticmethod
         def _SocatUnixConsoleParams():
           """Returns the correct parameters for socat
           If we have a new-enough socat we can use raw mode with an escape character.
           """
           if constants.SOCAT_USE_ESCAPE:
             return "raw,echo=0,escape=%s" % constants.SOCAT_ESCAPE_CODE
           else:
             return "echo=0,icanon=0"
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceKVMRuntime(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the instance KVM runtime filename
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._CONF_DIR, "%s.runtime" % instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceChrootDir(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the name of the KVM chroot dir of the instance
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._CHROOT_DIR, instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceNICDir(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the name of the directory holding the tap device files for a
           given instance.
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._NICS_DIR, instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceNICFile(cls, instance_name, seq):
           """Returns the name of the file containing the tap device for a given NIC
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._InstanceNICDir(instance_name), str(seq))
         @classmethod
         def _InstanceKeymapFile(cls, instance_name):
           """Returns the name of the file containing the keymap for a given instance
           """
           return utils.PathJoin(cls._KEYMAP_DIR, instance_name)
         @classmethod
         def _TryReadUidFile(cls, uid_file):
           """Try to read a uid file
           """
           if os.path.exists(uid_file):
             try:
               uid = int(utils.ReadOneLineFile(uid_file))
               return uid
             except EnvironmentError:
               logging.warning("Can't read uid file", exc_info=True)
             except (TypeError, ValueError):
               logging.warning("Can't parse uid file contents", exc_info=True)
           return None
         @classmethod
         def _RemoveInstanceRuntimeFiles(cls, pidfile, instance_name):
           """Removes an instance's rutime sockets/files/dirs.
           """
           utils.RemoveFile(pidfile)
           utils.RemoveFile(cls._InstanceMonitor(instance_name))
           utils.RemoveFile(cls._InstanceSerial(instance_name))
           utils.RemoveFile(cls._InstanceQmpMonitor(instance_name))
           utils.RemoveFile(cls._InstanceKVMRuntime(instance_name))
           utils.RemoveFile(cls._InstanceKeymapFile(instance_name))
           uid_file = cls._InstanceUidFile(instance_name)
           uid = cls._TryReadUidFile(uid_file)
           utils.RemoveFile(uid_file)
           if uid is not None:
             uidpool.ReleaseUid(uid)
           try:
             shutil.rmtree(cls._InstanceNICDir(instance_name))
           except OSError, err:
             if err.errno != errno.ENOENT:
               raise
           try:
             chroot_dir = cls._InstanceChrootDir(instance_name)
             utils.RemoveDir(chroot_dir)
           except OSError, err:
             if err.errno == errno.ENOTEMPTY:
               # The chroot directory is expected to be empty, but it isn't.
               new_chroot_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=cls._CHROOT_QUARANTINE_DIR,
                                                 prefix="%s-%s-" %
                                                 (instance_name,
                                                  utils.TimestampForFilename()))
               logging.warning("The chroot directory of instance %s can not be"
                               " removed as it is not empty. Moving it to the"
                               " quarantine instead. Please investigate the"
                               " contents (%s) and clean up manually",
                               instance_name, new_chroot_dir)
               utils.RenameFile(chroot_dir, new_chroot_dir)
             else:
               raise
         @staticmethod
         def _ConfigureNIC(instance, seq, nic, tap):
           """Run the network configuration script for a specified NIC
           @param instance: instance we're acting on
           @type instance: instance object
           @param seq: nic sequence number
           @type seq: int
           @param nic: nic we're acting on
           @type nic: nic object
           @param tap: the host's tap interface this NIC corresponds to
           @type tap: str
           """
           env = {
             "PATH": "%s:/sbin:/usr/sbin" % os.environ["PATH"],
             "INSTANCE": instance.name,
             "MAC": nic.mac,
             "MODE": nic.nicparams[constants.NIC_MODE],
             "INTERFACE": tap,
             "INTERFACE_INDEX": str(seq),
             "INTERFACE_UUID": nic.uuid,
             "TAGS": " ".join(instance.GetTags()),
+          }
           if nic.ip:
             env["IP"] = nic.ip
           if nic.name:
             env["INTERFACE_NAME"] = nic.name
           if nic.nicparams[constants.NIC_LINK]:
             env["LINK"] = nic.nicparams[constants.NIC_LINK]
           if nic.network:
             n = objects.Network.FromDict(nic.netinfo)
             env.update(n.HooksDict())
           if nic.nicparams[constants.NIC_MODE] == constants.NIC_MODE_BRIDGED:
             env["BRIDGE"] = nic.nicparams[constants.NIC_LINK]
           result = utils.RunCmd([pathutils.KVM_IFUP, tap], env=env)
           if result.failed:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to configure interface %s: %s;"
                                          " network configuration script output: %s" %
                                          (tap, result.fail_reason, result.output))
         @staticmethod
         def _VerifyAffinityPackage():
           if affinity is None:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("affinity Python package not"
                                          " found; cannot use CPU pinning under KVM")
         @staticmethod
         def _BuildAffinityCpuMask(cpu_list):
           """Create a CPU mask suitable for sched_setaffinity from a list of
           CPUs.
           See man taskset for more info on sched_setaffinity masks.
           For example: [ 0, 2, 5, 6 ] will return 101 (0x65, 0..01100101).
           @type cpu_list: list of int
           @param cpu_list: list of physical CPU numbers to map to vCPUs in order
           @rtype: int
           @return: a bit mask of CPU affinities
           """
           if cpu_list == constants.CPU_PINNING_OFF:
             return constants.CPU_PINNING_ALL_KVM
           else:
             return sum(2 ** cpu for cpu in cpu_list)
         @classmethod
         def _AssignCpuAffinity(cls, cpu_mask, process_id, thread_dict):
           """Change CPU affinity for running VM according to given CPU mask.
           @param cpu_mask: CPU mask as given by the user. e.g. "0-2,4:all:1,3"
           @type cpu_mask: string
           @param process_id: process ID of KVM process. Used to pin entire VM
                              to physical CPUs.
           @type process_id: int
           @param thread_dict: map of virtual CPUs to KVM thread IDs
           @type thread_dict: dict int:int
           """
           # Convert the string CPU mask to a list of list of int's
           cpu_list = utils.ParseMultiCpuMask(cpu_mask)
           if len(cpu_list) == 1:
             all_cpu_mapping = cpu_list[0]
             if all_cpu_mapping == constants.CPU_PINNING_OFF:
               # If CPU pinning has 1 entry that's "all", then do nothing
               pass
             else:
               # If CPU pinning has one non-all entry, map the entire VM to
               # one set of physical CPUs
               cls._VerifyAffinityPackage()
               affinity.set_process_affinity_mask(
                 process_id, cls._BuildAffinityCpuMask(all_cpu_mapping))
           else:
             # The number of vCPUs mapped should match the number of vCPUs
             # reported by KVM. This was already verified earlier, so
             # here only as a sanity check.
             assert len(thread_dict) == len(cpu_list)
             cls._VerifyAffinityPackage()
             # For each vCPU, map it to the proper list of physical CPUs
             for vcpu, i in zip(cpu_list, range(len(cpu_list))):
               affinity.set_process_affinity_mask(thread_dict[i],
                                                  cls._BuildAffinityCpuMask(vcpu))
         def _GetVcpuThreadIds(self, instance_name):
           """Get a mapping of vCPU no. to thread IDs for the instance
           @type instance_name: string
           @param instance_name: instance in question
           @rtype: dictionary of int:int
           @return: a dictionary mapping vCPU numbers to thread IDs
           """
           result = {}
           output = self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, self._CPU_INFO_CMD)
           for line in output.stdout.splitlines():
             match = self._CPU_INFO_RE.search(line)
             if not match:
               continue
             grp = map(int, match.groups())
             result[grp[0]] = grp[1]
           return result
         def _ExecuteCpuAffinity(self, instance_name, cpu_mask):
           """Complete CPU pinning.
           @type instance_name: string
           @param instance_name: name of instance
           @type cpu_mask: string
           @param cpu_mask: CPU pinning mask as entered by user
           """
           # Get KVM process ID, to be used if need to pin entire VM
           _, pid, _ = self._InstancePidAlive(instance_name)
           # Get vCPU thread IDs, to be used if need to pin vCPUs separately
           thread_dict = self._GetVcpuThreadIds(instance_name)
           # Run CPU pinning, based on configured mask
           self._AssignCpuAffinity(cpu_mask, pid, thread_dict)
         def ListInstances(self, hvparams=None):
           """Get the list of running instances.
           We can do this by listing our live instances directory and
           checking whether the associated kvm process is still alive.
           """
           result = []
           for name in os.listdir(self._PIDS_DIR):
             if self._InstancePidAlive(name)[2] or self._IsUserShutdown(name):
               result.append(name)
           return result
         @classmethod
         def _IsUserShutdown(cls, instance_name):
           return os.path.exists(cls._InstanceShutdownMonitor(instance_name))
         @classmethod
         def _ClearUserShutdown(cls, instance_name):
           utils.RemoveFile(cls._InstanceShutdownMonitor(instance_name))
         def GetInstanceInfo(self, instance_name, hvparams=None):
           """Get instance properties.
           @type instance_name: string
           @param instance_name: the instance name
           @type hvparams: dict of strings
           @param hvparams: hvparams to be used with this instance
           @rtype: tuple of strings
           @return: (name, id, memory, vcpus, stat, times)
           """
           _, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance_name)
           if not alive:
             if self._IsUserShutdown(instance_name):
               return (instance_name, -1, 0, 0, hv_base.HvInstanceState.SHUTDOWN, 0)
             else:
               return None
           _, memory, vcpus = self._InstancePidInfo(pid)
           istat = hv_base.HvInstanceState.RUNNING
           times = 0
           try:
             qmp = QmpConnection(self._InstanceQmpMonitor(instance_name))
             qmp.connect()
             vcpus = len(qmp.Execute("query-cpus")[qmp.RETURN_KEY])
             # Will fail if ballooning is not enabled, but we can then just resort to
             # the value above.
             mem_bytes = qmp.Execute("query-balloon")[qmp.RETURN_KEY][qmp.ACTUAL_KEY]
             memory = mem_bytes / 1048576
           except errors.HypervisorError:
             pass
           return (instance_name, pid, memory, vcpus, istat, times)
         def GetAllInstancesInfo(self, hvparams=None):
           """Get properties of all instances.
           @type hvparams: dict of strings
           @param hvparams: hypervisor parameter
           @return: list of tuples (name, id, memory, vcpus, stat, times)
           """
           data = []
           for name in os.listdir(self._PIDS_DIR):
             try:
               info = self.GetInstanceInfo(name)
             except errors.HypervisorError:
               # Ignore exceptions due to instances being shut down
               continue
             if info:
               data.append(info)
           return data
         def _GenerateKVMBlockDevicesOptions(self, instance, kvm_disks,
                                             kvmhelp, devlist):
           """Generate KVM options regarding instance's block devices.
           @type instance: L{objects.Instance}
           @param instance: the instance object
           @type kvm_disks: list of tuples
           @param kvm_disks: list of tuples [(disk, link_name, uri)..]
           @type kvmhelp: string
           @param kvmhelp: output of kvm --help
           @type devlist: string
           @param devlist: output of kvm -device ?
           @rtype: list
           @return: list of command line options eventually used by kvm executable
           """
           hvp = instance.hvparams
           kernel_path = hvp[constants.HV_KERNEL_PATH]
           if kernel_path:
             boot_disk = False
           else:
             boot_disk = hvp[constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER] == constants.HT_BO_DISK
           # whether this is an older KVM version that uses the boot=on flag
           # on devices
           needs_boot_flag = self._BOOT_RE.search(kvmhelp)
           dev_opts = []
           device_driver = None
           disk_type = hvp[constants.HV_DISK_TYPE]
           if disk_type == constants.HT_DISK_PARAVIRTUAL:
             if_val = ",if=%s" % self._VIRTIO
             try:
               if self._VIRTIO_BLK_RE.search(devlist):
                 if_val = ",if=none"
                 # will be passed in -device option as driver
                 device_driver = self._VIRTIO_BLK_PCI
             except errors.HypervisorError, _:
               pass
           else:
             if_val = ",if=%s" % disk_type
           # Cache mode
           disk_cache = hvp[constants.HV_DISK_CACHE]
           if instance.disk_template in constants.DTS_EXT_MIRROR:
             if disk_cache != "none":
               # TODO: make this a hard error, instead of a silent overwrite
               logging.warning("KVM: overriding disk_cache setting '%s' with 'none'"
                               " to prevent shared storage corruption on migration",
                               disk_cache)
             cache_val = ",cache=none"
           elif disk_cache != constants.HT_CACHE_DEFAULT:
             cache_val = ",cache=%s" % disk_cache
           else:
             cache_val = ""
           for cfdev, link_name, uri in kvm_disks:
             if cfdev.mode != constants.DISK_RDWR:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Instance has read-only disks which"
                                            " are not supported by KVM")
             # TODO: handle FD_LOOP and FD_BLKTAP (?)
             boot_val = ""
             if boot_disk:
               dev_opts.extend(["-boot", "c"])
               boot_disk = False
               if needs_boot_flag and disk_type != constants.HT_DISK_IDE:
                 boot_val = ",boot=on"
             access_mode = cfdev.params.get(constants.LDP_ACCESS,
                                            constants.DISK_KERNELSPACE)
             if (uri and access_mode == constants.DISK_USERSPACE):
               drive_uri = uri
             else:
               drive_uri = link_name
             drive_val = "file=%s,format=raw%s%s%s" % \
                         (drive_uri, if_val, boot_val, cache_val)
             if device_driver:
               # kvm_disks are the 4th entry of runtime file that did not exist in
               # the past. That means that cfdev should always have pci slot and
               # _GenerateDeviceKVMId() will not raise a exception.
               kvm_devid = _GenerateDeviceKVMId(constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_DISK, cfdev)
               drive_val += (",id=%s" % kvm_devid)
               drive_val += (",bus=0,unit=%d" % cfdev.pci)
               dev_val = ("%s,drive=%s,id=%s" %
                          (device_driver, kvm_devid, kvm_devid))
               dev_val += ",bus=pci.0,addr=%s" % hex(cfdev.pci)
               dev_opts.extend(["-device", dev_val])
             dev_opts.extend(["-drive", drive_val])
           return dev_opts
         @staticmethod
         def _CdromOption(kvm_cmd, cdrom_disk_type, cdrom_image, cdrom_boot,
                          needs_boot_flag):
           """Extends L{kvm_cmd} with the '-drive' option for a cdrom, and
           optionally the '-boot' option.
           Example: -drive file=cdrom.iso,media=cdrom,format=raw,if=ide -boot d
           Example: -drive file=cdrom.iso,media=cdrom,format=raw,if=ide,boot=on
           Example: -drive file=http://hostname.com/cdrom.iso,media=cdrom
           @type kvm_cmd: string
           @param kvm_cmd: KVM command line
           @type cdrom_disk_type:
           @param cdrom_disk_type:
           @type cdrom_image:
           @param cdrom_image:
           @type cdrom_boot:
           @param cdrom_boot:
           @type needs_boot_flag:
           @param needs_boot_flag:
           """
           # Check that the ISO image is accessible
           # See https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/597575
           if utils.IsUrl(cdrom_image) and not _CheckUrl(cdrom_image):
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Cdrom ISO image '%s' is not accessible" %
                                          cdrom_image)
           # set cdrom 'media' and 'format', if needed
           if utils.IsUrl(cdrom_image):
             options = ",media=cdrom"
           else:
             options = ",media=cdrom,format=raw"
           # set cdrom 'if' type
           if cdrom_boot:
             if_val = ",if=" + constants.HT_DISK_IDE
           elif cdrom_disk_type == constants.HT_DISK_PARAVIRTUAL:
             if_val = ",if=virtio"
           else:
             if_val = ",if=" + cdrom_disk_type
           # set boot flag, if needed
           boot_val = ""
           if cdrom_boot:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-boot", "d"])
             # whether this is an older KVM version that requires the 'boot=on' flag
             # on devices
             if needs_boot_flag:
               boot_val = ",boot=on"
           # build '-drive' option
           drive_val = "file=%s%s%s%s" % (cdrom_image, options, if_val, boot_val)
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-drive", drive_val])
         def _GenerateKVMRuntime(self, instance, block_devices, startup_paused,
                                 kvmhelp):
           """Generate KVM information to start an instance.
           @type kvmhelp: string
           @param kvmhelp: output of kvm --help
           @attention: this function must not have any side-effects; for
               example, it must not write to the filesystem, or read values
               from the current system the are expected to differ between
               nodes, since it is only run once at instance startup;
               actions/kvm arguments that can vary between systems should be
               done in L{_ExecuteKVMRuntime}
           """
           # pylint: disable=R0912,R0914,R0915
           hvp = instance.hvparams
           self.ValidateParameters(hvp)
           pidfile = self._InstancePidFile(instance.name)
           kvm = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_PATH]
           kvm_cmd = [kvm]
           # used just by the vnc server, if enabled
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-name", instance.name])
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-m", instance.beparams[constants.BE_MAXMEM]])
           smp_list = ["%s" % instance.beparams[constants.BE_VCPUS]]
           if hvp[constants.HV_CPU_CORES]:
             smp_list.append("cores=%s" % hvp[constants.HV_CPU_CORES])
           if hvp[constants.HV_CPU_THREADS]:
             smp_list.append("threads=%s" % hvp[constants.HV_CPU_THREADS])
           if hvp[constants.HV_CPU_SOCKETS]:
             smp_list.append("sockets=%s" % hvp[constants.HV_CPU_SOCKETS])
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-smp", ",".join(smp_list)])
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-pidfile", pidfile])
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-balloon", "virtio"])
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-daemonize"])
           if not instance.hvparams[constants.HV_ACPI]:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-no-acpi"])
           if instance.hvparams[constants.HV_REBOOT_BEHAVIOR] == \
               constants.INSTANCE_REBOOT_EXIT:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-no-reboot"])
           mversion = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_MACHINE_VERSION]
           if not mversion:
             mversion = self._GetDefaultMachineVersion(kvm)
           if self._MACHINE_RE.search(kvmhelp):
             # TODO (2.8): kernel_irqchip and kvm_shadow_mem machine properties, as
             # extra hypervisor parameters. We should also investigate whether and how
             # shadow_mem should be considered for the resource model.
             if (hvp[constants.HV_KVM_FLAG] == constants.HT_KVM_ENABLED):
               specprop = ",accel=kvm"
             else:
               specprop = ""
             machinespec = "%s%s" % (mversion, specprop)
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-machine", machinespec])
           else:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-M", mversion])
             if (hvp[constants.HV_KVM_FLAG] == constants.HT_KVM_ENABLED and
                 self._ENABLE_KVM_RE.search(kvmhelp)):
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-enable-kvm"])
             elif (hvp[constants.HV_KVM_FLAG] == constants.HT_KVM_DISABLED and
                   self._DISABLE_KVM_RE.search(kvmhelp)):
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-disable-kvm"])
           kernel_path = hvp[constants.HV_KERNEL_PATH]
           if kernel_path:
             boot_cdrom = boot_floppy = boot_network = False
           else:
             boot_cdrom = hvp[constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER] == constants.HT_BO_CDROM
             boot_floppy = hvp[constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER] == constants.HT_BO_FLOPPY
             boot_network = hvp[constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER] == constants.HT_BO_NETWORK
           if startup_paused:
             kvm_cmd.extend([_KVM_START_PAUSED_FLAG])
           if boot_network:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-boot", "n"])
           disk_type = hvp[constants.HV_DISK_TYPE]
           # Now we can specify a different device type for CDROM devices.
           cdrom_disk_type = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_CDROM_DISK_TYPE]
           if not cdrom_disk_type:
             cdrom_disk_type = disk_type
           cdrom_image1 = hvp[constants.HV_CDROM_IMAGE_PATH]
           if cdrom_image1:
             needs_boot_flag = self._BOOT_RE.search(kvmhelp)
             self._CdromOption(kvm_cmd, cdrom_disk_type, cdrom_image1, boot_cdrom,
                               needs_boot_flag)
           cdrom_image2 = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_CDROM2_IMAGE_PATH]
           if cdrom_image2:
             self._CdromOption(kvm_cmd, cdrom_disk_type, cdrom_image2, False, False)
           floppy_image = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_FLOPPY_IMAGE_PATH]
           if floppy_image:
             options = ",format=raw,media=disk"
             if boot_floppy:
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-boot", "a"])
               options = "%s,boot=on" % options
             if_val = ",if=floppy"
             options = "%s%s" % (options, if_val)
             drive_val = "file=%s%s" % (floppy_image, options)
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-drive", drive_val])
           if kernel_path:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-kernel", kernel_path])
             initrd_path = hvp[constants.HV_INITRD_PATH]
             if initrd_path:
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-initrd", initrd_path])
             root_append = ["root=%s" % hvp[constants.HV_ROOT_PATH],
                            hvp[constants.HV_KERNEL_ARGS]]
             if hvp[constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE]:
               serial_speed = hvp[constants.HV_SERIAL_SPEED]
               root_append.append("console=ttyS0,%s" % serial_speed)
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-append", " ".join(root_append)])
           mem_path = hvp[constants.HV_MEM_PATH]
           if mem_path:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-mem-path", mem_path, "-mem-prealloc"])
           monitor_dev = ("unix:%s,server,nowait" %
                          self._InstanceMonitor(instance.name))
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-monitor", monitor_dev])
           if hvp[constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE]:
             serial_dev = ("unix:%s,server,nowait" %
                           self._InstanceSerial(instance.name))
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-serial", serial_dev])
           else:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-serial", "none"])
           mouse_type = hvp[constants.HV_USB_MOUSE]
           vnc_bind_address = hvp[constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS]
           spice_bind = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND]
           spice_ip_version = None
           kvm_cmd.extend(["-usb"])
           if mouse_type:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-usbdevice", mouse_type])
           elif vnc_bind_address:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-usbdevice", constants.HT_MOUSE_TABLET])
           if vnc_bind_address:
             if netutils.IsValidInterface(vnc_bind_address):
               if_addresses = netutils.GetInterfaceIpAddresses(vnc_bind_address)
               if_ip4_addresses = if_addresses[constants.IP4_VERSION]
               if len(if_ip4_addresses) < 1:
                 logging.error("Could not determine IPv4 address of interface %s",
                               vnc_bind_address)
               else:
                 vnc_bind_address = if_ip4_addresses[0]
             if netutils.IP4Address.IsValid(vnc_bind_address):
               if instance.network_port > constants.VNC_BASE_PORT:
                 display = instance.network_port - constants.VNC_BASE_PORT
                 if vnc_bind_address == constants.IP4_ADDRESS_ANY:
                   vnc_arg = ":%d" % (display)
                 else:
                   vnc_arg = "%s:%d" % (vnc_bind_address, display)
               else:
                 logging.error("Network port is not a valid VNC display (%d < %d),"
                               " not starting VNC",
                               instance.network_port, constants.VNC_BASE_PORT)
                 vnc_arg = "none"
               # Only allow tls and other option when not binding to a file, for now.
               # kvm/qemu gets confused otherwise about the filename to use.
               vnc_append = ""
               if hvp[constants.HV_VNC_TLS]:
                 vnc_append = "%s,tls" % vnc_append
                 if hvp[constants.HV_VNC_X509_VERIFY]:
                   vnc_append = "%s,x509verify=%s" % (vnc_append,
                                                      hvp[constants.HV_VNC_X509])
                 elif hvp[constants.HV_VNC_X509]:
                   vnc_append = "%s,x509=%s" % (vnc_append,
                                                hvp[constants.HV_VNC_X509])
               if hvp[constants.HV_VNC_PASSWORD_FILE]:
                 vnc_append = "%s,password" % vnc_append
               vnc_arg = "%s%s" % (vnc_arg, vnc_append)
             else:
               vnc_arg = "unix:%s/%s.vnc" % (vnc_bind_address, instance.name)
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-vnc", vnc_arg])
           elif spice_bind:
             # FIXME: this is wrong here; the iface ip address differs
             # between systems, so it should be done in _ExecuteKVMRuntime
             if netutils.IsValidInterface(spice_bind):
               # The user specified a network interface, we have to figure out the IP
               # address.
               addresses = netutils.GetInterfaceIpAddresses(spice_bind)
               spice_ip_version = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_IP_VERSION]
               # if the user specified an IP version and the interface does not
               # have that kind of IP addresses, throw an exception
               if spice_ip_version != constants.IFACE_NO_IP_VERSION_SPECIFIED:
                 if not addresses[spice_ip_version]:
                   raise errors.HypervisorError("SPICE: Unable to get an IPv%s address"
                                                " for %s" % (spice_ip_version,
                                                             spice_bind))
               # the user did not specify an IP version, we have to figure it out
               elif (addresses[constants.IP4_VERSION] and
                     addresses[constants.IP6_VERSION]):
                 # we have both ipv4 and ipv6, let's use the cluster default IP
                 # version
                 cluster_family = ssconf.SimpleStore().GetPrimaryIPFamily()
                 spice_ip_version = \
                   netutils.IPAddress.GetVersionFromAddressFamily(cluster_family)
               elif addresses[constants.IP4_VERSION]:
                 spice_ip_version = constants.IP4_VERSION
               elif addresses[constants.IP6_VERSION]:
                 spice_ip_version = constants.IP6_VERSION
               else:
                 raise errors.HypervisorError("SPICE: Unable to get an IP address"
                                              " for %s" % (spice_bind))
               spice_address = addresses[spice_ip_version][0]
             else:
               # spice_bind is known to be a valid IP address, because
               # ValidateParameters checked it.
               spice_address = spice_bind
             spice_arg = "addr=%s" % spice_address
             if hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_USE_TLS]:
               spice_arg = ("%s,tls-port=%s,x509-cacert-file=%s" %
                            (spice_arg, instance.network_port,
                             pathutils.SPICE_CACERT_FILE))
               spice_arg = ("%s,x509-key-file=%s,x509-cert-file=%s" %
                            (spice_arg, pathutils.SPICE_CERT_FILE,
                             pathutils.SPICE_CERT_FILE))
               tls_ciphers = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_TLS_CIPHERS]
               if tls_ciphers:
                 spice_arg = "%s,tls-ciphers=%s" % (spice_arg, tls_ciphers)
             else:
               spice_arg = "%s,port=%s" % (spice_arg, instance.network_port)
             if not hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_PASSWORD_FILE]:
               spice_arg = "%s,disable-ticketing" % spice_arg
             if spice_ip_version:
               spice_arg = "%s,ipv%s" % (spice_arg, spice_ip_version)
             # Image compression options
             img_lossless = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_LOSSLESS_IMG_COMPR]
             img_jpeg = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_JPEG_IMG_COMPR]
             img_zlib_glz = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_ZLIB_GLZ_IMG_COMPR]
             if img_lossless:
               spice_arg = "%s,image-compression=%s" % (spice_arg, img_lossless)
             if img_jpeg:
               spice_arg = "%s,jpeg-wan-compression=%s" % (spice_arg, img_jpeg)
             if img_zlib_glz:
               spice_arg = "%s,zlib-glz-wan-compression=%s" % (spice_arg, img_zlib_glz)
             # Video stream detection
             video_streaming = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_STREAMING_VIDEO_DETECTION]
             if video_streaming:
               spice_arg = "%s,streaming-video=%s" % (spice_arg, video_streaming)
             # Audio compression, by default in qemu-kvm it is on
             if not hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_AUDIO_COMPR]:
               spice_arg = "%s,playback-compression=off" % spice_arg
             if not hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_USE_VDAGENT]:
               spice_arg = "%s,agent-mouse=off" % spice_arg
             else:
               # Enable the spice agent communication channel between the host and the
               # agent.
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-device", "virtio-serial-pci"])
               kvm_cmd.extend([
                 "-device",
                 "virtserialport,chardev=spicechannel0,name=com.redhat.spice.0",
                 ])
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-chardev", "spicevmc,id=spicechannel0,name=vdagent"])
             logging.info("KVM: SPICE will listen on port %s", instance.network_port)
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-spice", spice_arg])
           else:
             # From qemu 1.4 -nographic is incompatible with -daemonize. The new way
             # also works in earlier versions though (tested with 1.1 and 1.3)
             if self._DISPLAY_RE.search(kvmhelp):
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-display", "none"])
             else:
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-nographic"])
           if hvp[constants.HV_USE_LOCALTIME]:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-localtime"])
           if hvp[constants.HV_KVM_USE_CHROOT]:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-chroot", self._InstanceChrootDir(instance.name)])
           # Add qemu-KVM -cpu param
           if hvp[constants.HV_CPU_TYPE]:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-cpu", hvp[constants.HV_CPU_TYPE]])
           # As requested by music lovers
           if hvp[constants.HV_SOUNDHW]:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-soundhw", hvp[constants.HV_SOUNDHW]])
           # Pass a -vga option if requested, or if spice is used, for backwards
           # compatibility.
           if hvp[constants.HV_VGA]:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-vga", hvp[constants.HV_VGA]])
           elif spice_bind:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-vga", "qxl"])
           # Various types of usb devices, comma separated
           if hvp[constants.HV_USB_DEVICES]:
             for dev in hvp[constants.HV_USB_DEVICES].split(","):
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-usbdevice", dev])
           # Set system UUID to instance UUID
           if self._UUID_RE.search(kvmhelp):
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-uuid", instance.uuid])
           if hvp[constants.HV_KVM_EXTRA]:
             kvm_cmd.extend(hvp[constants.HV_KVM_EXTRA].split(" "))
           pci_reservations = bitarray(self._DEFAULT_PCI_RESERVATIONS)
           kvm_disks = []
           for disk, link_name, uri in block_devices:
             _UpdatePCISlots(disk, pci_reservations)
             kvm_disks.append((disk, link_name, uri))
           kvm_nics = []
           for nic in instance.nics:
             _UpdatePCISlots(nic, pci_reservations)
             kvm_nics.append(nic)
           hvparams = hvp
           return (kvm_cmd, kvm_nics, hvparams, kvm_disks)
         def _WriteKVMRuntime(self, instance_name, data):
           """Write an instance's KVM runtime
           """
           try:
             utils.WriteFile(self._InstanceKVMRuntime(instance_name),
                             data=data)
           except EnvironmentError, err:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to save KVM runtime file: %s" % err)
         def _ReadKVMRuntime(self, instance_name):
           """Read an instance's KVM runtime
           """
           try:
             file_content = utils.ReadFile(self._InstanceKVMRuntime(instance_name))
           except EnvironmentError, err:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to load KVM runtime file: %s" % err)
           return file_content
         def _SaveKVMRuntime(self, instance, kvm_runtime):
           """Save an instance's KVM runtime
           """
           kvm_cmd, kvm_nics, hvparams, kvm_disks = kvm_runtime
           serialized_nics = [nic.ToDict() for nic in kvm_nics]
           serialized_disks = [(blk.ToDict(), link, uri)
                               for blk, link, uri in kvm_disks]
           serialized_form = serializer.Dump((kvm_cmd, serialized_nics, hvparams,
                                             serialized_disks))
           self._WriteKVMRuntime(instance.name, serialized_form)
         def _LoadKVMRuntime(self, instance, serialized_runtime=None):
           """Load an instance's KVM runtime
           """
           if not serialized_runtime:
             serialized_runtime = self._ReadKVMRuntime(instance.name)
           return _AnalyzeSerializedRuntime(serialized_runtime)
         def _RunKVMCmd(self, name, kvm_cmd, tap_fds=None):
           """Run the KVM cmd and check for errors
           @type name: string
           @param name: instance name
           @type kvm_cmd: list of strings
           @param kvm_cmd: runcmd input for kvm
           @type tap_fds: list of int
           @param tap_fds: fds of tap devices opened by Ganeti
           """
           try:
             result = utils.RunCmd(kvm_cmd, noclose_fds=tap_fds)
           finally:
             for fd in tap_fds:
               utils_wrapper.CloseFdNoError(fd)
           if result.failed:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to start instance %s: %s (%s)" %
                                          (name, result.fail_reason, result.output))
           if not self._InstancePidAlive(name)[2]:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to start instance %s" % name)
         @staticmethod
         def _GenerateTapName(nic):
           """Generate a TAP network interface name for a NIC.
           This helper function generates a special TAP network interface
           name for NICs that are meant to be used in instance communication.
           This function checks the existing TAP interfaces in order to find
           a unique name for the new TAP network interface.  The TAP network
           interface names are of the form 'gnt.com.%d', where '%d' is a
           unique number within the node.
           @type nic: ganeti.objects.NIC
           @param nic: NIC object for the name should be generated
           @rtype: string
           @return: TAP network interface name, or the empty string if the
                    NIC is not used in instance communication
           """
           if nic.name is None or not \
                 nic.name.startswith(constants.INSTANCE_COMMUNICATION_NIC_PREFIX):
             return ""
           result = utils.RunCmd(["ip", "tuntap", "list"])
           if result.failed:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to list TUN/TAP interfaces")
           idxs = set()
           for line in result.output.splitlines():
             parts = line.split(": ", 1)
             if len(parts) < 2:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to parse TUN/TAP interfaces")
             r = re.match(r"gnt\.com\.([0-9]+)", parts[0])
             if r is not None:
               idxs.add(int(r.group(1)))
           if idxs:
             idx = max(idxs) + 1
           else:
             idx = 0
           return "gnt.com.%d" % idx
         # too many local variables
         # pylint: disable=R0914
         def _ExecuteKVMRuntime(self, instance, kvm_runtime, kvmhelp, incoming=None):
           """Execute a KVM cmd, after completing it with some last minute data.
           @type incoming: tuple of strings
           @param incoming: (target_host_ip, port)
           @type kvmhelp: string
           @param kvmhelp: output of kvm --help
           """
           # Small _ExecuteKVMRuntime hv parameters programming howto:
           #  - conf_hvp contains the parameters as configured on ganeti. they might
           #    have changed since the instance started; only use them if the change
           #    won't affect the inside of the instance (which hasn't been rebooted).
           #  - up_hvp contains the parameters as they were when the instance was
           #    started, plus any new parameter which has been added between ganeti
           #    versions: it is paramount that those default to a value which won't
           #    affect the inside of the instance as well.
           conf_hvp = instance.hvparams
           name = instance.name
           self._CheckDown(name)
           self._ClearUserShutdown(instance.name)
           self._StartKvmd(instance.hvparams)
           temp_files = []
           kvm_cmd, kvm_nics, up_hvp, kvm_disks = kvm_runtime
           # the first element of kvm_cmd is always the path to the kvm binary
           kvm_path = kvm_cmd[0]
           up_hvp = objects.FillDict(conf_hvp, up_hvp)
           # We know it's safe to run as a different user upon migration, so we'll use
           # the latest conf, from conf_hvp.
           security_model = conf_hvp[constants.HV_SECURITY_MODEL]
           if security_model == constants.HT_SM_USER:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-runas", conf_hvp[constants.HV_SECURITY_DOMAIN]])
           keymap = conf_hvp[constants.HV_KEYMAP]
           if keymap:
             keymap_path = self._InstanceKeymapFile(name)
             # If a keymap file is specified, KVM won't use its internal defaults. By
             # first including the "en-us" layout, an error on loading the actual
             # layout (e.g. because it can't be found) won't lead to a non-functional
             # keyboard. A keyboard with incorrect keys is still better than none.
             utils.WriteFile(keymap_path, data="include en-us\ninclude %s\n" % keymap)
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-k", keymap_path])
           # We have reasons to believe changing something like the nic driver/type
           # upon migration won't exactly fly with the instance kernel, so for nic
           # related parameters we'll use up_hvp
           tapfds = []
           taps = []
           devlist = self._GetKVMOutput(kvm_path, self._KVMOPT_DEVICELIST)
           if not kvm_nics:
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-net", "none"])
           else:
             vnet_hdr = False
             tap_extra = ""
             nic_type = up_hvp[constants.HV_NIC_TYPE]
             if nic_type == constants.HT_NIC_PARAVIRTUAL:
               nic_model = self._VIRTIO
               try:
                 if self._VIRTIO_NET_RE.search(devlist):
                   nic_model = self._VIRTIO_NET_PCI
                   vnet_hdr = up_hvp[constants.HV_VNET_HDR]
               except errors.HypervisorError, _:
                 # Older versions of kvm don't support DEVICE_LIST, but they don't
                 # have new virtio syntax either.
                 pass
               if up_hvp[constants.HV_VHOST_NET]:
                 # check for vhost_net support
                 if self._VHOST_RE.search(kvmhelp):
                   tap_extra = ",vhost=on"
                 else:
                   raise errors.HypervisorError("vhost_net is configured"
                                                " but it is not available")
             else:
               nic_model = nic_type
             kvm_supports_netdev = self._NETDEV_RE.search(kvmhelp)
             for nic_seq, nic in enumerate(kvm_nics):
               tapname, tapfd = _OpenTap(vnet_hdr=vnet_hdr,
                                         name=self._GenerateTapName(nic))
               tapfds.append(tapfd)
               taps.append(tapname)
               if kvm_supports_netdev:
                 nic_val = "%s,mac=%s" % (nic_model, nic.mac)
                 try:
                   # kvm_nics already exist in old runtime files and thus there might
                   # be some entries without pci slot (therefore try: except:)
                   kvm_devid = _GenerateDeviceKVMId(constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC, nic)
                   netdev = kvm_devid
                   nic_val += (",id=%s,bus=pci.0,addr=%s" % (kvm_devid, hex(nic.pci)))
                 except errors.HotplugError:
                   netdev = "netdev%d" % nic_seq
                 nic_val += (",netdev=%s" % netdev)
                 tap_val = ("type=tap,id=%s,fd=%d%s" %
                            (netdev, tapfd, tap_extra))
                 kvm_cmd.extend(["-netdev", tap_val, "-device", nic_val])
               else:
                 nic_val = "nic,vlan=%s,macaddr=%s,model=%s" % (nic_seq,
                                                                nic.mac, nic_model)
                 tap_val = "tap,vlan=%s,fd=%d" % (nic_seq, tapfd)
                 kvm_cmd.extend(["-net", tap_val, "-net", nic_val])
           if incoming:
             target, port = incoming
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-incoming", "tcp:%s:%s" % (target, port)])
           # Changing the vnc password doesn't bother the guest that much. At most it
           # will surprise people who connect to it. Whether positively or negatively
           # it's debatable.
           vnc_pwd_file = conf_hvp[constants.HV_VNC_PASSWORD_FILE]
           vnc_pwd = None
           if vnc_pwd_file:
             try:
               vnc_pwd = utils.ReadOneLineFile(vnc_pwd_file, strict=True)
             except EnvironmentError, err:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to open VNC password file %s: %s"
                                            % (vnc_pwd_file, err))
           if conf_hvp[constants.HV_KVM_USE_CHROOT]:
             utils.EnsureDirs([(self._InstanceChrootDir(name),
                                constants.SECURE_DIR_MODE)])
           # Automatically enable QMP if version is >= 0.14
           if self._QMP_RE.search(kvmhelp):
             logging.debug("Enabling QMP")
             kvm_cmd.extend(["-qmp", "unix:%s,server,nowait" %
                             self._InstanceQmpMonitor(instance.name)])
           # Configure the network now for starting instances and bridged interfaces,
           # during FinalizeMigration for incoming instances' routed interfaces
           for nic_seq, nic in enumerate(kvm_nics):
             if (incoming and
                 nic.nicparams[constants.NIC_MODE] != constants.NIC_MODE_BRIDGED):
               continue
             self._ConfigureNIC(instance, nic_seq, nic, taps[nic_seq])
           bdev_opts = self._GenerateKVMBlockDevicesOptions(instance,
                                                            kvm_disks,
                                                            kvmhelp,
                                                            devlist)
           kvm_cmd.extend(bdev_opts)
           # CPU affinity requires kvm to start paused, so we set this flag if the
           # instance is not already paused and if we are not going to accept a
           # migrating instance. In the latter case, pausing is not needed.
           start_kvm_paused = not (_KVM_START_PAUSED_FLAG in kvm_cmd) and not incoming
           if start_kvm_paused:
             kvm_cmd.extend([_KVM_START_PAUSED_FLAG])
           # Note: CPU pinning is using up_hvp since changes take effect
           # during instance startup anyway, and to avoid problems when soft
           # rebooting the instance.
           cpu_pinning = False
           if up_hvp.get(constants.HV_CPU_MASK, None):
             cpu_pinning = True
           if security_model == constants.HT_SM_POOL:
             ss = ssconf.SimpleStore()
             uid_pool = uidpool.ParseUidPool(ss.GetUidPool(), separator="\n")
             all_uids = set(uidpool.ExpandUidPool(uid_pool))
             uid = uidpool.RequestUnusedUid(all_uids)
             try:
               username = pwd.getpwuid(uid.GetUid()).pw_name
               kvm_cmd.extend(["-runas", username])
               self._RunKVMCmd(name, kvm_cmd, tapfds)
             except:
               uidpool.ReleaseUid(uid)
               raise
             else:
               uid.Unlock()
               utils.WriteFile(self._InstanceUidFile(name), data=uid.AsStr())
           else:
             self._RunKVMCmd(name, kvm_cmd, tapfds)
           utils.EnsureDirs([(self._InstanceNICDir(instance.name),
                            constants.RUN_DIRS_MODE)])
           for nic_seq, tap in enumerate(taps):
             utils.WriteFile(self._InstanceNICFile(instance.name, nic_seq),
                             data=tap)
           if vnc_pwd:
             change_cmd = "change vnc password %s" % vnc_pwd
             self._CallMonitorCommand(instance.name, change_cmd)
           # Setting SPICE password. We are not vulnerable to malicious passwordless
           # connection attempts because SPICE by default does not allow connections
           # if neither a password nor the "disable_ticketing" options are specified.
           # As soon as we send the password via QMP, that password is a valid ticket
           # for connection.
           spice_password_file = conf_hvp[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_PASSWORD_FILE]
           if spice_password_file:
             spice_pwd = ""
             try:
               spice_pwd = utils.ReadOneLineFile(spice_password_file, strict=True)
             except EnvironmentError, err:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to open SPICE password file %s: %s"
                                            % (spice_password_file, err))
             qmp = QmpConnection(self._InstanceQmpMonitor(instance.name))
             qmp.connect()
             arguments = {
                 "protocol": "spice",
                 "password": spice_pwd,
+            }
             qmp.Execute("set_password", arguments)
           for filename in temp_files:
             utils.RemoveFile(filename)
           # If requested, set CPU affinity and resume instance execution
           if cpu_pinning:
             self._ExecuteCpuAffinity(instance.name, up_hvp[constants.HV_CPU_MASK])
           start_memory = self._InstanceStartupMemory(instance)
           if start_memory < instance.beparams[constants.BE_MAXMEM]:
             self.BalloonInstanceMemory(instance, start_memory)
           if start_kvm_paused:
             # To control CPU pinning, ballooning, and vnc/spice passwords
             # the VM was started in a frozen state. If freezing was not
             # explicitly requested resume the vm status.
             self._CallMonitorCommand(instance.name, self._CONT_CMD)
         @staticmethod
         def _StartKvmd(hvparams):
           """Ensure that the Kvm daemon is running.
           """
           if hvparams is None \
                 or not hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_USER_SHUTDOWN] \
                 or utils.IsDaemonAlive(constants.KVMD):
             return
           result = utils.RunCmd(constants.KVMD)
           if result.failed:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to start KVM daemon")
         def StartInstance(self, instance, block_devices, startup_paused):
           """Start an instance.
           """
           self._CheckDown(instance.name)
           kvmpath = instance.hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_PATH]
           kvmhelp = self._GetKVMOutput(kvmpath, self._KVMOPT_HELP)
           kvm_runtime = self._GenerateKVMRuntime(instance, block_devices,
                                                  startup_paused, kvmhelp)
           self._SaveKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime)
           self._ExecuteKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime, kvmhelp)
         @classmethod
         def _CallMonitorCommand(cls, instance_name, command):
           """Invoke a command on the instance monitor.
           """
           # TODO: Replace monitor calls with QMP once KVM >= 0.14 is the minimum
           # version. The monitor protocol is designed for human consumption, whereas
           # QMP is made for programmatic usage. In the worst case QMP can also
           # execute monitor commands. As it is, all calls to socat take at least
           # 500ms and likely more: socat can't detect the end of the reply and waits
           # for 500ms of no data received before exiting (500 ms is the default for
           # the "-t" parameter).
           socat = ("echo %s | %s STDIO UNIX-CONNECT:%s" %
                    (utils.ShellQuote(command),
                     constants.SOCAT_PATH,
                     utils.ShellQuote(cls._InstanceMonitor(instance_name))))
           result = utils.RunCmd(socat)
           if result.failed:
             msg = ("Failed to send command '%s' to instance '%s', reason '%s',"
                    " output: %s" %
                    (command, instance_name, result.fail_reason, result.output))
             raise errors.HypervisorError(msg)
           return result
         def _GetFreePCISlot(self, instance, dev):
           """Get the first available pci slot of a runnung instance.
           """
           slots = bitarray(32)
           slots.setall(False) # pylint: disable=E1101
           output = self._CallMonitorCommand(instance.name, self._INFO_PCI_CMD)
           for line in output.stdout.splitlines():
             match = self._INFO_PCI_RE.search(line)
             if match:
               slot = int(match.group(1))
               slots[slot] = True
           [free] = slots.search(_AVAILABLE_PCI_SLOT, 1) # pylint: disable=E1101
           if not free:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("All PCI slots occupied")
           dev.pci = int(free)
         def VerifyHotplugSupport(self, instance, action, dev_type):
           """Verifies that hotplug is supported.
           Hotplug is *not* supported in case of:
            - security models and chroot (disk hotplug)
            - fdsend module is missing (nic hot-add)
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: in one of the previous cases
           """
           if dev_type == constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_DISK:
             hvp = instance.hvparams
             security_model = hvp[constants.HV_SECURITY_MODEL]
             use_chroot = hvp[constants.HV_KVM_USE_CHROOT]
             if use_chroot:
               raise errors.HotplugError("Disk hotplug is not supported"
                                         " in case of chroot.")
             if security_model != constants.HT_SM_NONE:
               raise errors.HotplugError("Disk Hotplug is not supported in case"
                                         " security models are used.")
           if (dev_type == constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC and
               action == constants.HOTPLUG_ACTION_ADD and not fdsend):
             raise errors.HotplugError("Cannot hot-add NIC."
                                       " fdsend python module is missing.")
         def HotplugSupported(self, instance):
           """Checks if hotplug is generally supported.
           Hotplug is *not* supported in case of:
            - qemu versions < 1.0
            - for stopped instances
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: in one of the previous cases
           """
           try:
             output = self._CallMonitorCommand(instance.name, self._INFO_VERSION_CMD)
           except errors.HypervisorError:
             raise errors.HotplugError("Instance is probably down")
           # TODO: search for netdev_add, drive_add, device_add.....
           match = self._INFO_VERSION_RE.search(output.stdout)
           if not match:
             raise errors.HotplugError("Cannot parse qemu version via monitor")
           v_major, v_min, _, _ = match.groups()
           if (int(v_major), int(v_min)) < (1, 0):
             raise errors.HotplugError("Hotplug not supported for qemu versions < 1.0")
         def _CallHotplugCommand(self, name, cmd):
           output = self._CallMonitorCommand(name, cmd)
           # TODO: parse output and check if succeeded
           for line in output.stdout.splitlines():
             logging.info("%s", line)
         def HotAddDevice(self, instance, dev_type, device, extra, seq):
           """ Helper method to hot-add a new device
           It gets free pci slot generates the device name and invokes the
           device specific method.
           """
           # in case of hot-mod this is given
           if device.pci is None:
             self._GetFreePCISlot(instance, device)
           kvm_devid = _GenerateDeviceKVMId(dev_type, device)
           runtime = self._LoadKVMRuntime(instance)
           if dev_type == constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_DISK:
             command = "drive_add dummy file=%s,if=none,id=%s,format=raw\n" % \
                        (extra, kvm_devid)
             command += ("device_add virtio-blk-pci,bus=pci.0,addr=%s,drive=%s,id=%s" %
                         (hex(device.pci), kvm_devid, kvm_devid))
           elif dev_type == constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC:
             (tap, fd) = _OpenTap()
             self._ConfigureNIC(instance, seq, device, tap)
             self._PassTapFd(instance, fd, device)
             command = "netdev_add tap,id=%s,fd=%s\n" % (kvm_devid, kvm_devid)
             args = "virtio-net-pci,bus=pci.0,addr=%s,mac=%s,netdev=%s,id=%s" % \
                      (hex(device.pci), device.mac, kvm_devid, kvm_devid)
             command += "device_add %s" % args
             utils.WriteFile(self._InstanceNICFile(instance.name, seq), data=tap)
           self._CallHotplugCommand(instance.name, command)
           # update relevant entries in runtime file
           index = _DEVICE_RUNTIME_INDEX[dev_type]
           entry = _RUNTIME_ENTRY[dev_type](device, extra)
           runtime[index].append(entry)
           self._SaveKVMRuntime(instance, runtime)
         def HotDelDevice(self, instance, dev_type, device, _, seq):
           """ Helper method for hot-del device
           It gets device info from runtime file, generates the device name and
           invokes the device specific method.
           """
           runtime = self._LoadKVMRuntime(instance)
           entry = _GetExistingDeviceInfo(dev_type, device, runtime)
           kvm_device = _RUNTIME_DEVICE[dev_type](entry)
           kvm_devid = _GenerateDeviceKVMId(dev_type, kvm_device)
           if dev_type == constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_DISK:
             command = "device_del %s\n" % kvm_devid
             command += "drive_del %s" % kvm_devid
           elif dev_type == constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC:
             command = "device_del %s\n" % kvm_devid
             command += "netdev_del %s" % kvm_devid
             utils.RemoveFile(self._InstanceNICFile(instance.name, seq))
           self._CallHotplugCommand(instance.name, command)
           index = _DEVICE_RUNTIME_INDEX[dev_type]
           runtime[index].remove(entry)
           self._SaveKVMRuntime(instance, runtime)
           return kvm_device.pci
         def HotModDevice(self, instance, dev_type, device, _, seq):
           """ Helper method for hot-mod device
           It gets device info from runtime file, generates the device name and
           invokes the device specific method. Currently only NICs support hot-mod
           """
           if dev_type == constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC:
             # putting it back in the same pci slot
             device.pci = self.HotDelDevice(instance, dev_type, device, _, seq)
             # TODO: remove sleep when socat gets removed
             time.sleep(2)
             self.HotAddDevice(instance, dev_type, device, _, seq)
         def _PassTapFd(self, instance, fd, nic):
           """Pass file descriptor to kvm process via monitor socket using SCM_RIGHTS
           """
           # TODO: factor out code related to unix sockets.
           #       squash common parts between monitor and qmp
           kvm_devid = _GenerateDeviceKVMId(constants.HOTPLUG_TARGET_NIC, nic)
           command = "getfd %s\n" % kvm_devid
           fds = [fd]
           logging.info("%s", fds)
           try:
             monsock = MonitorSocket(self._InstanceMonitor(instance.name))
             monsock.connect()
             fdsend.sendfds(monsock.sock, command, fds=fds)
           finally:
             monsock.close()
         @classmethod
         def _ParseKVMVersion(cls, text):
           """Parse the KVM version from the --help output.
           @type text: string
           @param text: output of kvm --help
           @return: (version, v_maj, v_min, v_rev)
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when the KVM version cannot be retrieved
           """
           match = cls._VERSION_RE.search(text.splitlines()[0])
           if not match:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Unable to get KVM version")
           v_all = match.group(0)
           v_maj = int(match.group(1))
           v_min = int(match.group(2))
           if match.group(4):
             v_rev = int(match.group(4))
           else:
             v_rev = 0
           return (v_all, v_maj, v_min, v_rev)
         @classmethod
         def _GetKVMOutput(cls, kvm_path, option):
           """Return the output of a kvm invocation
           @type kvm_path: string
           @param kvm_path: path to the kvm executable
           @type option: a key of _KVMOPTS_CMDS
           @param option: kvm option to fetch the output from
           @return: output a supported kvm invocation
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when the KVM help output cannot be retrieved
           """
           assert option in cls._KVMOPTS_CMDS, "Invalid output option"
           optlist, can_fail = cls._KVMOPTS_CMDS[option]
           result = utils.RunCmd([kvm_path] + optlist)
           if result.failed and not can_fail:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Unable to get KVM %s output" %
                                           " ".join(optlist))
           return result.output
         @classmethod
         def _GetKVMVersion(cls, kvm_path):
           """Return the installed KVM version.
           @return: (version, v_maj, v_min, v_rev)
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when the KVM version cannot be retrieved
           """
           return cls._ParseKVMVersion(cls._GetKVMOutput(kvm_path, cls._KVMOPT_HELP))
         @classmethod
         def _GetDefaultMachineVersion(cls, kvm_path):
           """Return the default hardware revision (e.g. pc-1.1)
           """
           output = cls._GetKVMOutput(kvm_path, cls._KVMOPT_MLIST)
           match = cls._DEFAULT_MACHINE_VERSION_RE.search(output)
           if match:
             return match.group(1)
           else:
             return "pc"
         @classmethod
         def _StopInstance(cls, instance, force=False, name=None):
           """Stop an instance.
           """
           if name is not None and not force:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Cannot shutdown cleanly by name only")
           if name is None:
             name = instance.name
             acpi = instance.hvparams[constants.HV_ACPI]
           else:
             acpi = False
           _, pid, alive = cls._InstancePidAlive(name)
           if pid > 0 and alive:
             if force or not acpi:
               utils.KillProcess(pid)
             else:
               cls._CallMonitorCommand(name, "system_powerdown")
           cls._ClearUserShutdown(instance.name)
         def StopInstance(self, instance, force=False, retry=False, name=None):
           """Stop an instance.
           """
           self._StopInstance(instance, force, name)
         def CleanupInstance(self, instance_name):
           """Cleanup after a stopped instance
           """
           pidfile, pid, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance_name)
           if pid > 0 and alive:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Cannot cleanup a live instance")
           self._RemoveInstanceRuntimeFiles(pidfile, instance_name)
           self._ClearUserShutdown(instance_name)
         def RebootInstance(self, instance):
           """Reboot an instance.
           """
           # For some reason if we do a 'send-key ctrl-alt-delete' to the control
           # socket the instance will stop, but now power up again. So we'll resort
           # to shutdown and restart.
           _, _, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance.name)
           if not alive:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Failed to reboot instance %s:"
                                          " not running" % instance.name)
           # StopInstance will delete the saved KVM runtime so:
           # ...first load it...
           kvm_runtime = self._LoadKVMRuntime(instance)
           # ...now we can safely call StopInstance...
           if not self.StopInstance(instance):
             self.StopInstance(instance, force=True)
           # ...and finally we can save it again, and execute it...
           self._SaveKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime)
           kvmpath = instance.hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_PATH]
           kvmhelp = self._GetKVMOutput(kvmpath, self._KVMOPT_HELP)
           self._ExecuteKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime, kvmhelp)
         def MigrationInfo(self, instance):
           """Get instance information to perform a migration.
           @type instance: L{objects.Instance}
           @param instance: instance to be migrated
           @rtype: string
           @return: content of the KVM runtime file
           """
           return self._ReadKVMRuntime(instance.name)
         def AcceptInstance(self, instance, info, target):
           """Prepare to accept an instance.
           @type instance: L{objects.Instance}
           @param instance: instance to be accepted
           @type info: string
           @param info: content of the KVM runtime file on the source node
           @type target: string
           @param target: target host (usually ip), on this node
           """
           kvm_runtime = self._LoadKVMRuntime(instance, serialized_runtime=info)
           incoming_address = (target, instance.hvparams[constants.HV_MIGRATION_PORT])
           kvmpath = instance.hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_PATH]
           kvmhelp = self._GetKVMOutput(kvmpath, self._KVMOPT_HELP)
           self._ExecuteKVMRuntime(instance, kvm_runtime, kvmhelp,
                                   incoming=incoming_address)
         def FinalizeMigrationDst(self, instance, info, success):
           """Finalize the instance migration on the target node.
           Stop the incoming mode KVM.
           @type instance: L{objects.Instance}
           @param instance: instance whose migration is being finalized
           """
           if success:
             kvm_runtime = self._LoadKVMRuntime(instance, serialized_runtime=info)
             kvm_nics = kvm_runtime[1]
             for nic_seq, nic in enumerate(kvm_nics):
               if nic.nicparams[constants.NIC_MODE] == constants.NIC_MODE_BRIDGED:
                 # Bridged interfaces have already been configured
                 continue
               try:
                 tap = utils.ReadFile(self._InstanceNICFile(instance.name, nic_seq))
               except EnvironmentError, err:
                 logging.warning("Failed to find host interface for %s NIC #%d: %s",
                                 instance.name, nic_seq, str(err))
                 continue
               try:
                 self._ConfigureNIC(instance, nic_seq, nic, tap)
               except errors.HypervisorError, err:
                 logging.warning(str(err))
             self._WriteKVMRuntime(instance.name, info)
           else:
             self.StopInstance(instance, force=True)
         def MigrateInstance(self, cluster_name, instance, target, live):
           """Migrate an instance to a target node.
           The migration will not be attempted if the instance is not
           currently running.
           @type cluster_name: string
           @param cluster_name: name of the cluster
           @type instance: L{objects.Instance}
           @param instance: the instance to be migrated
           @type target: string
           @param target: ip address of the target node
           @type live: boolean
           @param live: perform a live migration
           """
           instance_name = instance.name
           port = instance.hvparams[constants.HV_MIGRATION_PORT]
           _, _, alive = self._InstancePidAlive(instance_name)
           if not alive:
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Instance not running, cannot migrate")
           if not live:
             self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, "stop")
           migrate_command = ("migrate_set_speed %dm" %
                              instance.hvparams[constants.HV_MIGRATION_BANDWIDTH])
           self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, migrate_command)
           migrate_command = ("migrate_set_downtime %dms" %
                              instance.hvparams[constants.HV_MIGRATION_DOWNTIME])
           self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, migrate_command)
           migrate_command = "migrate -d tcp:%s:%s" % (target, port)
           self._CallMonitorCommand(instance_name, migrate_command)
         def FinalizeMigrationSource(self, instance, success, live):
           """Finalize the instance migration on the source node.
           @type instance: L{objects.Instance}
           @param instance: the instance that was migrated
           @type success: bool
           @param success: whether the migration succeeded or not
           @type live: bool
           @param live: whether the user requested a live migration or not
           """
           if success:
             pidfile, pid, _ = self._InstancePidAlive(instance.name)
             utils.KillProcess(pid)
             self._RemoveInstanceRuntimeFiles(pidfile, instance.name)
           elif live:
             self._CallMonitorCommand(instance.name, self._CONT_CMD)
           self._ClearUserShutdown(instance.name)
         def GetMigrationStatus(self, instance):
           """Get the migration status
           @type instance: L{objects.Instance}
           @param instance: the instance that is being migrated
           @rtype: L{objects.MigrationStatus}
           @return: the status of the current migration (one of
                    L{constants.HV_MIGRATION_VALID_STATUSES}), plus any additional
                    progress info that can be retrieved from the hypervisor
           """
           info_command = "info migrate"
           for _ in range(self._MIGRATION_INFO_MAX_BAD_ANSWERS):
             result = self._CallMonitorCommand(instance.name, info_command)
             match = self._MIGRATION_STATUS_RE.search(result.stdout)
             if not match:
               if not result.stdout:
                 logging.info("KVM: empty 'info migrate' result")
               else:
                 logging.warning("KVM: unknown 'info migrate' result: %s",
                                 result.stdout)
             else:
               status = match.group(1)
               if status in constants.HV_KVM_MIGRATION_VALID_STATUSES:
                 migration_status = objects.MigrationStatus(status=status)
                 match = self._MIGRATION_PROGRESS_RE.search(result.stdout)
                 if match:
                   migration_status.transferred_ram = match.group("transferred")
                   migration_status.total_ram = match.group("total")
                 return migration_status
               logging.warning("KVM: unknown migration status '%s'", status)
             time.sleep(self._MIGRATION_INFO_RETRY_DELAY)
           return objects.MigrationStatus(status=constants.HV_MIGRATION_FAILED)
         def BalloonInstanceMemory(self, instance, mem):
           """Balloon an instance memory to a certain value.
           @type instance: L{objects.Instance}
           @param instance: instance to be accepted
           @type mem: int
           @param mem: actual memory size to use for instance runtime
           """
           self._CallMonitorCommand(instance.name, "balloon %d" % mem)
         def GetNodeInfo(self, hvparams=None):
           """Return information about the node.
           @type hvparams: dict of strings
           @param hvparams: hypervisor parameters, not used in this class
           @return: a dict as returned by L{BaseHypervisor.GetLinuxNodeInfo} plus
               the following keys:
                 - hv_version: the hypervisor version in the form (major, minor,
                               revision)
           """
           result = self.GetLinuxNodeInfo()
           kvmpath = constants.KVM_PATH
           if hvparams is not None:
             kvmpath = hvparams.get(constants.HV_KVM_PATH, constants.KVM_PATH)
           _, v_major, v_min, v_rev = self._GetKVMVersion(kvmpath)
           result[constants.HV_NODEINFO_KEY_VERSION] = (v_major, v_min, v_rev)
           return result
         @classmethod
         def GetInstanceConsole(cls, instance, primary_node, node_group,
                                hvparams, beparams):
           """Return a command for connecting to the console of an instance.
           """
           if hvparams[constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE]:
             cmd = [pathutils.KVM_CONSOLE_WRAPPER,
                    constants.SOCAT_PATH, utils.ShellQuote(instance.name),
                    utils.ShellQuote(cls._InstanceMonitor(instance.name)),
                    "STDIO,%s" % cls._SocatUnixConsoleParams(),
                    "UNIX-CONNECT:%s" % cls._InstanceSerial(instance.name)]
             ndparams = node_group.FillND(primary_node)
             return objects.InstanceConsole(instance=instance.name,
                                            kind=constants.CONS_SSH,
                                            host=primary_node.name,
                                            port=ndparams.get(constants.ND_SSH_PORT),
                                            user=constants.SSH_CONSOLE_USER,
                                            command=cmd)
           vnc_bind_address = hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS]
           if vnc_bind_address and instance.network_port > constants.VNC_BASE_PORT:
             display = instance.network_port - constants.VNC_BASE_PORT
             return objects.InstanceConsole(instance=instance.name,
                                            kind=constants.CONS_VNC,
                                            host=vnc_bind_address,
                                            port=instance.network_port,
                                            display=display)
           spice_bind = hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND]
           if spice_bind:
             return objects.InstanceConsole(instance=instance.name,
                                            kind=constants.CONS_SPICE,
                                            host=spice_bind,
                                            port=instance.network_port)
           return objects.InstanceConsole(instance=instance.name,
                                          kind=constants.CONS_MESSAGE,
                                          message=("No serial shell for instance %s" %
                                                   instance.name))
         def Verify(self, hvparams=None):
           """Verify the hypervisor.
           Check that the required binaries exist.
           @type hvparams: dict of strings
           @param hvparams: hypervisor parameters to be verified against, not used here
           @return: Problem description if something is wrong, C{None} otherwise
           """
           msgs = []
           kvmpath = constants.KVM_PATH
           if hvparams is not None:
             kvmpath = hvparams.get(constants.HV_KVM_PATH, constants.KVM_PATH)
           if not os.path.exists(kvmpath):
             msgs.append("The KVM binary ('%s') does not exist" % kvmpath)
           if not os.path.exists(constants.SOCAT_PATH):
             msgs.append("The socat binary ('%s') does not exist" %
                         constants.SOCAT_PATH)
           return self._FormatVerifyResults(msgs)
         @classmethod
         def CheckParameterSyntax(cls, hvparams):
           """Check the given parameters for validity.
           @type hvparams:  dict
           @param hvparams: dictionary with parameter names/value
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when a parameter is not valid
           """
           super(KVMHypervisor, cls).CheckParameterSyntax(hvparams)
           kernel_path = hvparams[constants.HV_KERNEL_PATH]
           if kernel_path:
             if not hvparams[constants.HV_ROOT_PATH]:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Need a root partition for the instance,"
                                            " if a kernel is defined")
           if (hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_X509_VERIFY] and
               not hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_X509]):
             raise errors.HypervisorError("%s must be defined, if %s is" %
                                          (constants.HV_VNC_X509,
                                           constants.HV_VNC_X509_VERIFY))
           if hvparams[constants.HV_SERIAL_CONSOLE]:
             serial_speed = hvparams[constants.HV_SERIAL_SPEED]
             valid_speeds = constants.VALID_SERIAL_SPEEDS
             if not serial_speed or serial_speed not in valid_speeds:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Invalid serial console speed, must be"
                                            " one of: %s" %
                                            utils.CommaJoin(valid_speeds))
           boot_order = hvparams[constants.HV_BOOT_ORDER]
           if (boot_order == constants.HT_BO_CDROM and
               not hvparams[constants.HV_CDROM_IMAGE_PATH]):
             raise errors.HypervisorError("Cannot boot from cdrom without an"
                                          " ISO path")
           security_model = hvparams[constants.HV_SECURITY_MODEL]
           if security_model == constants.HT_SM_USER:
             if not hvparams[constants.HV_SECURITY_DOMAIN]:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("A security domain (user to run kvm as)"
                                            " must be specified")
           elif (security_model == constants.HT_SM_NONE or
                 security_model == constants.HT_SM_POOL):
             if hvparams[constants.HV_SECURITY_DOMAIN]:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Cannot have a security domain when the"
                                            " security model is 'none' or 'pool'")
           spice_bind = hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND]
           spice_ip_version = hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_IP_VERSION]
           if spice_bind:
             if spice_ip_version != constants.IFACE_NO_IP_VERSION_SPECIFIED:
               # if an IP version is specified, the spice_bind parameter must be an
               # IP of that family
               if (netutils.IP4Address.IsValid(spice_bind) and
                   spice_ip_version != constants.IP4_VERSION):
                 raise errors.HypervisorError("SPICE: Got an IPv4 address (%s), but"
                                              " the specified IP version is %s" %
                                              (spice_bind, spice_ip_version))
               if (netutils.IP6Address.IsValid(spice_bind) and
                   spice_ip_version != constants.IP6_VERSION):
                 raise errors.HypervisorError("SPICE: Got an IPv6 address (%s), but"
                                              " the specified IP version is %s" %
                                              (spice_bind, spice_ip_version))
           else:
             # All the other SPICE parameters depend on spice_bind being set. Raise an
             # error if any of them is set without it.
             for param in _SPICE_ADDITIONAL_PARAMS:
               if hvparams[param]:
                 raise errors.HypervisorError("SPICE: %s requires %s to be set" %
                                              (param, constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND))
         @classmethod
         def ValidateParameters(cls, hvparams):
           """Check the given parameters for validity.
           @type hvparams:  dict
           @param hvparams: dictionary with parameter names/value
           @raise errors.HypervisorError: when a parameter is not valid
           """
           super(KVMHypervisor, cls).ValidateParameters(hvparams)
           kvm_path = hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_PATH]
           security_model = hvparams[constants.HV_SECURITY_MODEL]
           if security_model == constants.HT_SM_USER:
             username = hvparams[constants.HV_SECURITY_DOMAIN]
             try:
               pwd.getpwnam(username)
             except KeyError:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Unknown security domain user %s"
                                            % username)
           vnc_bind_address = hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS]
           if vnc_bind_address:
             bound_to_addr = netutils.IP4Address.IsValid(vnc_bind_address)
             is_interface = netutils.IsValidInterface(vnc_bind_address)
             is_path = utils.IsNormAbsPath(vnc_bind_address)
             if not bound_to_addr and not is_interface and not is_path:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("VNC: The %s parameter must be either"
                                            " a valid IP address, an interface name,"
                                            " or an absolute path" %
                                            constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND)
           spice_bind = hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND]
           if spice_bind:
             # only one of VNC and SPICE can be used currently.
             if hvparams[constants.HV_VNC_BIND_ADDRESS]:
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Both SPICE and VNC are configured, but"
                                            " only one of them can be used at a"
                                            " given time")
             # check that KVM supports SPICE
             kvmhelp = cls._GetKVMOutput(kvm_path, cls._KVMOPT_HELP)
             if not cls._SPICE_RE.search(kvmhelp):
               raise errors.HypervisorError("SPICE is configured, but it is not"
                                            " supported according to 'kvm --help'")
             # if spice_bind is not an IP address, it must be a valid interface
             bound_to_addr = (netutils.IP4Address.IsValid(spice_bind) or
                              netutils.IP6Address.IsValid(spice_bind))
             if not bound_to_addr and not netutils.IsValidInterface(spice_bind):
               raise errors.HypervisorError("SPICE: The %s parameter must be either"
                                            " a valid IP address or interface name" %
                                            constants.HV_KVM_SPICE_BIND)
           machine_version = hvparams[constants.HV_KVM_MACHINE_VERSION]
           if machine_version:
             output = cls._GetKVMOutput(kvm_path, cls._KVMOPT_MLIST)
             if not cls._CHECK_MACHINE_VERSION_RE(machine_version).search(output):
               raise errors.HypervisorError("Unsupported machine version: %s" %
                                            machine_version)
         @classmethod
         def PowercycleNode(cls, hvparams=None):
           """KVM powercycle, just a wrapper over Linux powercycle.
           @type hvparams: dict of strings
           @param hvparams: hypervisor params to be used on this node
           """
           cls.LinuxPowercycle()

Synnefo » snf-ganeti

root / lib / hypervisor / hv_kvm.py @ 81c717cd