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{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}

{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}

{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}

{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}

{-

Copyright (C) 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Google Inc.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or

(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but

WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA

02110-1301, USA.

-}

module Ganeti.BasicTypes

  ( GenericResult(..)

  , genericResult

  , Result

  , ResultT(..)

  , mkResultT

  , withError

  , withErrorT

  , toError

  , toErrorStr

  , Error(..) -- re-export from Control.Monad.Error

  , MonadIO(..) -- re-export from Control.Monad.IO.Class

  , isOk

  , isBad

  , justOk

  , justBad

  , eitherToResult

  , annotateResult

  , annotateError

  , failError

  , catchErrorT

  , handleErrorT

  , iterateOk

  , select

  , runListHead

  , LookupResult(..)

  , MatchPriority(..)

  , lookupName

  , goodLookupResult

  , goodMatchPriority

  , prefixMatch

  , compareNameComponent

  , ListSet(..)

  , emptyListSet

  ) where

import Control.Applicative

import Control.Exception (try)

import Control.Monad

import Control.Monad.Base

import Control.Monad.Error.Class

import Control.Monad.Trans

import Control.Monad.Trans.Control

import Data.Function

import Data.List

import Data.Maybe

import Data.Monoid

import Data.Set (Set)

import qualified Data.Set as Set (empty)

import Text.JSON (JSON)

import qualified Text.JSON as JSON (readJSON, showJSON)

-- | Generic monad for our error handling mechanisms.

data GenericResult a b

  = Bad a

  | Ok b

    deriving (Show, Eq)

-- | Sum type structure of GenericResult.

genericResult :: (a -> c) -> (b -> c) -> GenericResult a b -> c

genericResult f _ (Bad a) = f a

genericResult _ g (Ok b) = g b

{-# INLINE genericResult #-}

-- | Type alias for a string Result.

type Result = GenericResult String

-- | 'Monad' instance for 'GenericResult'.

instance (Error a) => Monad (GenericResult a) where

  (>>=) (Bad x) _ = Bad x

  (>>=) (Ok x) fn = fn x

  return = Ok

  fail   = Bad . strMsg

instance Functor (GenericResult a) where

  fmap _ (Bad msg) = Bad msg

  fmap fn (Ok val) = Ok (fn val)

instance (Error a, Monoid a) => MonadPlus (GenericResult a) where

  mzero = Bad $ strMsg "zero Result when used as MonadPlus"

  -- for mplus, when we 'add' two Bad values, we concatenate their

  -- error descriptions

  (Bad x) `mplus` (Bad y) = Bad (x `mappend` strMsg "; " `mappend` y)

  (Bad _) `mplus` x = x

  x@(Ok _) `mplus` _ = x

instance (Error a) => MonadError a (GenericResult a) where

  throwError = Bad

  {-# INLINE throwError #-}

  catchError x h = genericResult h (const x) x

  {-# INLINE catchError #-}

instance Applicative (GenericResult a) where

  pure = Ok

  (Bad f) <*> _       = Bad f

  _       <*> (Bad x) = Bad x

  (Ok f)  <*> (Ok x)  = Ok $ f x

instance (Error a, Monoid a) => Alternative (GenericResult a) where

  empty = mzero

  (<|>) = mplus

-- | This is a monad transformation for Result. It's implementation is

-- based on the implementations of MaybeT and ErrorT.

--

-- 'ResultT' is very similar to @ErrorT@, but with one subtle difference:

-- If 'mplus' combines two failing operations, errors of both of them

-- are combined.

newtype ResultT a m b = ResultT {runResultT :: m (GenericResult a b)}

-- | Eliminates a 'ResultT' value given appropriate continuations

elimResultT :: (Monad m)

            => (a -> ResultT a' m b')

            -> (b -> ResultT a' m b')

            -> ResultT a m b

            -> ResultT a' m b'

elimResultT l r = ResultT . (runResultT . result <=< runResultT)

  where

    result (Ok x)   = r x

    result (Bad e)  = l e

{-# INLINE elimResultT #-}

instance (Monad f) => Functor (ResultT a f) where

  fmap f = ResultT . liftM (fmap f) . runResultT

instance (Monad m, Error a) => Applicative (ResultT a m) where

  pure = return

  (<*>) = ap

instance (Monad m, Error a) => Monad (ResultT a m) where

  fail err = ResultT (return . Bad $ strMsg err)

  return   = lift . return

  (>>=)    = flip (elimResultT throwError)

instance (Monad m, Error a) => MonadError a (ResultT a m) where

  throwError = ResultT . return . Bad

  catchError = catchErrorT

instance MonadTrans (ResultT a) where

  lift = ResultT . liftM Ok

-- | The instance catches any 'IOError' using 'try' and converts it into an

-- error message using 'strMsg'.

--

-- This way, monadic code within 'ResultT' that uses solely 'liftIO' to

-- include 'IO' actions ensures that all IO exceptions are handled.

--

-- Other exceptions (see instances of 'Exception') are not currently handled.

-- This might be revised in the future.

instance (MonadIO m, Error a) => MonadIO (ResultT a m) where

  liftIO = ResultT . liftIO

                   . liftM (either (failError . show) return)

                   . (try :: IO a -> IO (Either IOError a))

instance (MonadBase IO m, Error a) => MonadBase IO (ResultT a m) where

  liftBase = ResultT . liftBase

                   . liftM (either (failError . show) return)

                   . (try :: IO a -> IO (Either IOError a))

instance (Error a) => MonadTransControl (ResultT a) where

  newtype StT (ResultT a) b = StResultT { runStResultT :: GenericResult a b }

  liftWith f = ResultT . liftM return $ f (liftM StResultT . runResultT)

  restoreT = ResultT . liftM runStResultT

  {-# INLINE liftWith #-}

  {-# INLINE restoreT #-}

instance (Error a, MonadBaseControl IO m)

         => MonadBaseControl IO (ResultT a m) where

  newtype StM (ResultT a m) b

    = StMResultT { runStMResultT :: ComposeSt (ResultT a) m b }

  liftBaseWith = defaultLiftBaseWith StMResultT

  restoreM = defaultRestoreM runStMResultT

  {-# INLINE liftBaseWith #-}

  {-# INLINE restoreM #-}

instance (Monad m, Error a, Monoid a) => MonadPlus (ResultT a m) where

  mzero = ResultT $ return mzero

  -- Ensure that 'y' isn't run if 'x' contains a value. This makes it a bit

  -- more complicated than 'mplus' of 'GenericResult'.

  mplus x y = elimResultT combine return x

    where combine x' = ResultT $ liftM (mplus (Bad x')) (runResultT y)

instance (Monad m, Error a, Monoid a) => Alternative (ResultT a m) where

  empty = mzero

  (<|>) = mplus

-- | Changes the error message of a result value, if present.

-- Note that since 'GenericResult' is also a 'MonadError', this function

-- is a generalization of

-- @(Error e') => (e' -> e) -> GenericResult e' a -> GenericResult e a@

withError :: (MonadError e m) => (e' -> e) -> GenericResult e' a -> m a

withError f = genericResult (throwError . f) return

-- | Changes the error message of a @ResultT@ value, if present.

withErrorT :: (Monad m, Error e)

           => (e' -> e) -> ResultT e' m a -> ResultT e m a

withErrorT f = ResultT . liftM (withError f) . runResultT

-- | Lift a 'Result' value to any 'MonadError'. Since 'ResultT' is itself its

-- instance, it's a generalization of

-- @Monad m => GenericResult a b -> ResultT a m b@.

toError :: (MonadError e m) => GenericResult e a -> m a

toError = genericResult throwError return

{-# INLINE toError #-}

-- | An alias for @withError strMsg@, which is often used to lift a pure error

-- to a monad stack. See also 'annotateResult'.

toErrorStr :: (MonadError e m, Error e) => Result a -> m a

toErrorStr = withError strMsg

-- | Converts a monadic result with a 'String' message into

-- a 'ResultT' with an arbitrary 'Error'.

--

-- Expects that the given action has already taken care of any possible

-- errors. In particular, if applied on @IO (Result a)@, any exceptions

-- should be handled by the given action.

--

-- See also 'toErrorStr'.

mkResultT :: (Monad m, Error e) => m (Result a) -> ResultT e m a

mkResultT = ResultT . liftM toErrorStr

-- | Simple checker for whether a 'GenericResult' is OK.

isOk :: GenericResult a b -> Bool

isOk (Ok _) = True

isOk _      = False

-- | Simple checker for whether a 'GenericResult' is a failure.

isBad :: GenericResult a b -> Bool

isBad = not . isOk

-- | Simple filter returning only OK values of GenericResult

justOk :: [GenericResult a b] -> [b]

justOk = mapMaybe (genericResult (const Nothing) Just)

-- | Simple filter returning only Bad values of GenericResult

justBad :: [GenericResult a b] -> [a]

justBad = mapMaybe (genericResult Just (const Nothing))

-- | Converter from Either to 'GenericResult'.

eitherToResult :: Either a b -> GenericResult a b

eitherToResult (Left  s) = Bad s

eitherToResult (Right v) = Ok  v

-- | Annotate an error with an ownership information, lifting it to a

-- 'MonadError'. Since 'Result' is an instance of 'MonadError' itself,

-- it's a generalization of type @String -> Result a -> Result a@.

-- See also 'toErrorStr'.

annotateResult :: (MonadError e m, Error e) => String -> Result a -> m a

annotateResult owner = toErrorStr . annotateError owner

-- | Annotate an error with an ownership information inside a 'MonadError'.

-- See also 'annotateResult'.

annotateError :: (MonadError e m, Error e, Monoid e) => String -> m a -> m a

annotateError owner =

  flip catchError (throwError . mappend (strMsg $ owner ++ ": "))

{-# INLINE annotateError #-}

-- | Throws a 'String' message as an error in a 'MonadError'.

-- This is a generalization of 'Bad'.

-- It's similar to 'fail', but works within a 'MonadError', avoiding the

-- unsafe nature of 'fail'.

failError :: (MonadError e m, Error e) => String -> m a

failError = throwError . strMsg

-- | A synonym for @flip@ 'catchErrorT'.

handleErrorT :: (Monad m, Error e)

             => (e' -> ResultT e m a) -> ResultT e' m a -> ResultT e m a

handleErrorT handler = elimResultT handler return

{-# INLINE handleErrorT #-}

-- | Catches an error in a @ResultT@ value. This is similar to 'catchError',

-- but in addition allows to change the error type.

catchErrorT :: (Monad m, Error e)

            => ResultT e' m a -> (e' -> ResultT e m a) -> ResultT e m a

catchErrorT = flip handleErrorT

{-# INLINE catchErrorT #-}

-- | Iterate while Ok.

iterateOk :: (a -> GenericResult b a) -> a -> [a]

iterateOk f a = genericResult (const []) ((:) a . iterateOk f) (f a)

-- * Misc functionality

-- | Return the first result with a True condition, or the default otherwise.

select :: a            -- ^ default result

       -> [(Bool, a)]  -- ^ list of \"condition, result\"

       -> a            -- ^ first result which has a True condition, or default

select def = maybe def snd . find fst

-- | Apply a function to the first element of a list, return the default

-- value, if the list is empty. This is just a convenient combination of

-- maybe and listToMaybe.

runListHead :: a -> (b -> a) -> [b] -> a

runListHead a f = maybe a f . listToMaybe

-- * Lookup of partial names functionality

-- | The priority of a match in a lookup result.

data MatchPriority = ExactMatch

                   | MultipleMatch

                   | PartialMatch

                   | FailMatch

                   deriving (Show, Enum, Eq, Ord)

-- | The result of a name lookup in a list.

data LookupResult = LookupResult

  { lrMatchPriority :: MatchPriority -- ^ The result type

  -- | Matching value (for ExactMatch, PartialMatch), Lookup string otherwise

  , lrContent :: String

  } deriving (Show)

-- | Lookup results have an absolute preference ordering.

instance Eq LookupResult where

  (==) = (==) `on` lrMatchPriority

instance Ord LookupResult where

  compare = compare `on` lrMatchPriority

-- | Check for prefix matches in names.

-- Implemented in Ganeti core utils.text.MatchNameComponent

-- as the regexp r"^%s(\..*)?$" % re.escape(key)

prefixMatch :: String  -- ^ Lookup

            -> String  -- ^ Full name

            -> Bool    -- ^ Whether there is a prefix match

prefixMatch = isPrefixOf . (++ ".")

-- | Is the lookup priority a "good" one?

goodMatchPriority :: MatchPriority -> Bool

goodMatchPriority ExactMatch = True

goodMatchPriority PartialMatch = True

goodMatchPriority _ = False

-- | Is the lookup result an actual match?

goodLookupResult :: LookupResult -> Bool

goodLookupResult = goodMatchPriority . lrMatchPriority

-- | Compares a canonical name and a lookup string.

compareNameComponent :: String        -- ^ Canonical (target) name

                     -> String        -- ^ Partial (lookup) name

                     -> LookupResult  -- ^ Result of the lookup

compareNameComponent cnl lkp =

  select (LookupResult FailMatch lkp)

  [ (cnl == lkp          , LookupResult ExactMatch cnl)

  , (prefixMatch lkp cnl , LookupResult PartialMatch cnl)

  ]

-- | Lookup a string and choose the best result.

chooseLookupResult :: String       -- ^ Lookup key

                   -> String       -- ^ String to compare to the lookup key

                   -> LookupResult -- ^ Previous result

                   -> LookupResult -- ^ New result

chooseLookupResult lkp cstr old =

  -- default: use class order to pick the minimum result

  select (min new old)

  -- special cases:

  -- short circuit if the new result is an exact match

  [ (lrMatchPriority new == ExactMatch, new)

  -- if both are partial matches generate a multiple match

  , (partial2, LookupResult MultipleMatch lkp)

  ] where new = compareNameComponent cstr lkp

          partial2 = all ((PartialMatch==) . lrMatchPriority) [old, new]

-- | Find the canonical name for a lookup string in a list of names.

lookupName :: [String]      -- ^ List of keys

           -> String        -- ^ Lookup string

           -> LookupResult  -- ^ Result of the lookup

lookupName l s = foldr (chooseLookupResult s)

                       (LookupResult FailMatch s) l

-- | Wrapper for a Haskell 'Set'

--

-- This type wraps a 'Set' and it is used in the Haskell to Python

-- opcode generation to transform a Haskell 'Set' into a Python 'list'

-- without duplicate elements.

newtype ListSet a = ListSet { unListSet :: Set a }

  deriving (Eq, Show)

instance (Ord a, JSON a) => JSON (ListSet a) where

  showJSON = JSON.showJSON . unListSet

  readJSON = liftM ListSet . JSON.readJSON

emptyListSet :: ListSet a

emptyListSet = ListSet Set.empty