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+      #
+      #
       # Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc.
+      #
       # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
       # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
       # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
       # (at your option) any later version.
+      #
       # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
       # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
       # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
       # General Public License for more details.
+      #
       # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
       # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
       # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
       # 02110-1301, USA.
       """Ganeti RAPI client.
       @attention: To use the RAPI client, the application B{must} call
                   C{pycurl.global_init} during initialization and
                   C{pycurl.global_cleanup} before exiting the process. This is very
                   important in multi-threaded programs. See curl_global_init(3) and
                   curl_global_cleanup(3) for details. The decorator L{UsesRapiClient}
                   can be used.
       """
       # No Ganeti-specific modules should be imported. The RAPI client is supposed to
       # be standalone.
       import logging
       import socket
       import urllib
       import threading
       import pycurl
       try:
         import simplejson as json
       except ImportError:
         import json
       try:
         from cStringIO import StringIO
       except ImportError:
         from StringIO import StringIO
       GANETI_RAPI_PORT = 5080
       GANETI_RAPI_VERSION = 2
       HTTP_DELETE = "DELETE"
       HTTP_GET = "GET"
       HTTP_PUT = "PUT"
       HTTP_POST = "POST"
       HTTP_OK = 200
       HTTP_NOT_FOUND = 404
       HTTP_APP_JSON = "application/json"
       REPLACE_DISK_PRI = "replace_on_primary"
       REPLACE_DISK_SECONDARY = "replace_on_secondary"
       REPLACE_DISK_CHG = "replace_new_secondary"
       REPLACE_DISK_AUTO = "replace_auto"
       NODE_ROLE_DRAINED = "drained"
       NODE_ROLE_MASTER_CANDIATE = "master-candidate"
       NODE_ROLE_MASTER = "master"
       NODE_ROLE_OFFLINE = "offline"
       NODE_ROLE_REGULAR = "regular"
       # Internal constants
       _REQ_DATA_VERSION_FIELD = "__version__"
       _INST_CREATE_REQV1 = "instance-create-reqv1"
       _INST_REINSTALL_REQV1 = "instance-reinstall-reqv1"
       _INST_NIC_PARAMS = frozenset(["mac", "ip", "mode", "link", "bridge"])
       _INST_CREATE_V0_DISK_PARAMS = frozenset(["size"])
       _INST_CREATE_V0_PARAMS = frozenset([
         "os", "pnode", "snode", "iallocator", "start", "ip_check", "name_check",
         "hypervisor", "file_storage_dir", "file_driver", "dry_run",
         ])
       _INST_CREATE_V0_DPARAMS = frozenset(["beparams", "hvparams"])
       # Older pycURL versions don't have all error constants
       try:
         _CURLE_SSL_CACERT = pycurl.E_SSL_CACERT
         _CURLE_SSL_CACERT_BADFILE = pycurl.E_SSL_CACERT_BADFILE
       except AttributeError:
         _CURLE_SSL_CACERT = 60
         _CURLE_SSL_CACERT_BADFILE = 77
       _CURL_SSL_CERT_ERRORS = frozenset([
         _CURLE_SSL_CACERT,
         _CURLE_SSL_CACERT_BADFILE,
         ])
       class Error(Exception):
         """Base error class for this module.
         """
         pass
       class CertificateError(Error):
         """Raised when a problem is found with the SSL certificate.
         """
         pass
       class GanetiApiError(Error):
         """Generic error raised from Ganeti API.
         """
         def __init__(self, msg, code=None):
           Error.__init__(self, msg)
           self.code = code
       def UsesRapiClient(fn):
         """Decorator for code using RAPI client to initialize pycURL.
         """
         def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
           # curl_global_init(3) and curl_global_cleanup(3) must be called with only
           # one thread running. This check is just a safety measure -- it doesn't
           # cover all cases.
           assert threading.activeCount() == 1, \
                  "Found active threads when initializing pycURL"
           pycurl.global_init(pycurl.GLOBAL_ALL)
           try:
             return fn(*args, **kwargs)
           finally:
             pycurl.global_cleanup()
         return wrapper
       def GenericCurlConfig(verbose=False, use_signal=False,
                             use_curl_cabundle=False, cafile=None, capath=None,
                             proxy=None, verify_hostname=False,
                             connect_timeout=None, timeout=None,
                             _pycurl_version_fn=pycurl.version_info):
         """Curl configuration function generator.
         @type verbose: bool
         @param verbose: Whether to set cURL to verbose mode
         @type use_signal: bool
         @param use_signal: Whether to allow cURL to use signals
         @type use_curl_cabundle: bool
         @param use_curl_cabundle: Whether to use cURL's default CA bundle
         @type cafile: string
         @param cafile: In which file we can find the certificates
         @type capath: string
         @param capath: In which directory we can find the certificates
         @type proxy: string
         @param proxy: Proxy to use, None for default behaviour and empty string for
                       disabling proxies (see curl_easy_setopt(3))
         @type verify_hostname: bool
         @param verify_hostname: Whether to verify the remote peer certificate's
                                 commonName
         @type connect_timeout: number
         @param connect_timeout: Timeout for establishing connection in seconds
         @type timeout: number
         @param timeout: Timeout for complete transfer in seconds (see
                         curl_easy_setopt(3)).
         """
         if use_curl_cabundle and (cafile or capath):
           raise Error("Can not use default CA bundle when CA file or path is set")
         def _ConfigCurl(curl, logger):
           """Configures a cURL object
           @type curl: pycurl.Curl
           @param curl: cURL object
           """
           logger.debug("Using cURL version %s", pycurl.version)
           # pycurl.version_info returns a tuple with information about the used
           # version of libcurl. Item 5 is the SSL library linked to it.
           # e.g.: (3, '7.18.0', 463360, 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu', 1581, 'GnuTLS/2.0.4',
           # 0, '1.2.3.3', ...)
           sslver = _pycurl_version_fn()[5]
           if not sslver:
             raise Error("No SSL support in cURL")
           lcsslver = sslver.lower()
           if lcsslver.startswith("openssl/"):
             pass
           elif lcsslver.startswith("gnutls/"):
             if capath:
               raise Error("cURL linked against GnuTLS has no support for a"
                           " CA path (%s)" % (pycurl.version, ))
           else:
             raise NotImplementedError("cURL uses unsupported SSL version '%s'" %
                                       sslver)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.VERBOSE, verbose)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.NOSIGNAL, not use_signal)
           # Whether to verify remote peer's CN
           if verify_hostname:
             # curl_easy_setopt(3): "When CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST is 2, that
             # certificate must indicate that the server is the server to which you
             # meant to connect, or the connection fails. [...] When the value is 1,
             # the certificate must contain a Common Name field, but it doesn't matter
             # what name it says. [...]"
             curl.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2)
           else:
             curl.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0)
           if cafile or capath or use_curl_cabundle:
             # Require certificates to be checked
             curl.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYPEER, True)
             if cafile:
               curl.setopt(pycurl.CAINFO, str(cafile))
             if capath:
               curl.setopt(pycurl.CAPATH, str(capath))
             # Not changing anything for using default CA bundle
           else:
             # Disable SSL certificate verification
             curl.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYPEER, False)
           if proxy is not None:
             curl.setopt(pycurl.PROXY, str(proxy))
           # Timeouts
           if connect_timeout is not None:
             curl.setopt(pycurl.CONNECTTIMEOUT, connect_timeout)
           if timeout is not None:
             curl.setopt(pycurl.TIMEOUT, timeout)
         return _ConfigCurl
       class GanetiRapiClient(object): # pylint: disable-msg=R0904
         """Ganeti RAPI client.
         """
         USER_AGENT = "Ganeti RAPI Client"
         _json_encoder = json.JSONEncoder(sort_keys=True)
         def __init__(self, host, port=GANETI_RAPI_PORT,
                      username=None, password=None,
                      logger=logging.getLogger('synnefo.util'),
                      curl_config_fn=None, curl_factory=None):
           """Initializes this class.
           @type host: string
           @param host: the ganeti cluster master to interact with
           @type port: int
           @param port: the port on which the RAPI is running (default is 5080)
           @type username: string
           @param username: the username to connect with
           @type password: string
           @param password: the password to connect with
           @type curl_config_fn: callable
           @param curl_config_fn: Function to configure C{pycurl.Curl} object
           @param logger: Logging object
           """
           self._username = username
           self._password = password
           self._logger = logger
           self._curl_config_fn = curl_config_fn
           self._curl_factory = curl_factory
           try:
             socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, host)
             address = "[%s]:%s" % (host, port)
           except socket.error:
             address = "%s:%s" % (host, port)
           self._base_url = "https://%s" % address
           if username is not None:
             if password is None:
               raise Error("Password not specified")
           elif password:
             raise Error("Specified password without username")
         def _CreateCurl(self):
           """Creates a cURL object.
           """
           # Create pycURL object if no factory is provided
           if self._curl_factory:
             curl = self._curl_factory()
           else:
             curl = pycurl.Curl()
           # Default cURL settings
           curl.setopt(pycurl.VERBOSE, False)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, False)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.NOSIGNAL, True)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.USERAGENT, self.USER_AGENT)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYPEER, False)
           curl.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, [
             "Accept: %s" % HTTP_APP_JSON,
             "Content-type: %s" % HTTP_APP_JSON,
             ])
           assert ((self._username is None and self._password is None) ^
                   (self._username is not None and self._password is not None))
           if self._username:
             # Setup authentication
             curl.setopt(pycurl.HTTPAUTH, pycurl.HTTPAUTH_BASIC)
             curl.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD,
                         str("%s:%s" % (self._username, self._password)))
           # Call external configuration function
           if self._curl_config_fn:
             self._curl_config_fn(curl, self._logger)
           return curl
         @staticmethod
         def _EncodeQuery(query):
           """Encode query values for RAPI URL.
           @type query: list of two-tuples
           @param query: Query arguments
           @rtype: list
           @return: Query list with encoded values
           """
           result = []
           for name, value in query:
             if value is None:
               result.append((name, ""))
             elif isinstance(value, bool):
               # Boolean values must be encoded as 0 or 1
               result.append((name, int(value)))
             elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple, dict)):
               raise ValueError("Invalid query data type %r" % type(value).__name__)
             else:
               result.append((name, value))
           return result
         def _SendRequest(self, method, path, query, content):
           """Sends an HTTP request.
           This constructs a full URL, encodes and decodes HTTP bodies, and
           handles invalid responses in a pythonic way.
           @type method: string
           @param method: HTTP method to use
           @type path: string
           @param path: HTTP URL path
           @type query: list of two-tuples
           @param query: query arguments to pass to urllib.urlencode
           @type content: str or None
           @param content: HTTP body content
           @rtype: str
           @return: JSON-Decoded response
           @raises CertificateError: If an invalid SSL certificate is found
           @raises GanetiApiError: If an invalid response is returned
           """
           assert path.startswith("/")
           curl = self._CreateCurl()
           if content is not None:
             encoded_content = self._json_encoder.encode(content)
           else:
             encoded_content = ""
           # Build URL
           urlparts = [self._base_url, path]
           if query:
             urlparts.append("?")
             urlparts.append(urllib.urlencode(self._EncodeQuery(query)))
           url = "".join(urlparts)
           self._logger.debug("Sending request %s %s (content=%r)",
                              method, url, encoded_content)
           # Buffer for response
           encoded_resp_body = StringIO()
           # Configure cURL
           curl.setopt(pycurl.CUSTOMREQUEST, str(method))
           curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, str(url))
           curl.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, str(encoded_content))
           curl.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, encoded_resp_body.write)
           try:
             # Send request and wait for response
             try:
               curl.perform()
             except pycurl.error, err:
               if err.args[0] in _CURL_SSL_CERT_ERRORS:
                 raise CertificateError("SSL certificate error %s" % err)
               raise GanetiApiError(str(err))
           finally:
             # Reset settings to not keep references to large objects in memory
             # between requests
             curl.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, "")
             curl.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, lambda _: None)
           # Get HTTP response code
           http_code = curl.getinfo(pycurl.RESPONSE_CODE)
           # Was anything written to the response buffer?
           if encoded_resp_body.tell():
             response_content = json.loads(encoded_resp_body.getvalue())
           else:
             response_content = None
           if http_code != HTTP_OK:
             if isinstance(response_content, dict):
               msg = ("%s %s: %s" %
                      (response_content["code"],
                       response_content["message"],
                       response_content["explain"]))
             else:
               msg = str(response_content)
             raise GanetiApiError(msg, code=http_code)
           return response_content
         def GetVersion(self):
           """Gets the Remote API version running on the cluster.
           @rtype: int
           @return: Ganeti Remote API version
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET, "/version", None, None)
         def GetFeatures(self):
           """Gets the list of optional features supported by RAPI server.
           @rtype: list
           @return: List of optional features
           """
           try:
             return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET, "/%s/features" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                      None, None)
           except GanetiApiError, err:
             # Older RAPI servers don't support this resource
             if err.code == HTTP_NOT_FOUND:
               return []
             raise
         def GetOperatingSystems(self):
           """Gets the Operating Systems running in the Ganeti cluster.
           @rtype: list of str
           @return: operating systems
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET, "/%s/os" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                    None, None)
         def GetInfo(self):
           """Gets info about the cluster.
           @rtype: dict
           @return: information about the cluster
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET, "/%s/info" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                    None, None)
         def RedistributeConfig(self):
           """Tells the cluster to redistribute its configuration files.
           @return: job id
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    "/%s/redistribute-config" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                    None, None)
         def ModifyCluster(self, **kwargs):
           """Modifies cluster parameters.
           More details for parameters can be found in the RAPI documentation.
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           body = kwargs
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    "/%s/modify" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, None, body)
         def GetClusterTags(self):
           """Gets the cluster tags.
           @rtype: list of str
           @return: cluster tags
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET, "/%s/tags" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                    None, None)
         def AddClusterTags(self, tags, dry_run=False):
           """Adds tags to the cluster.
           @type tags: list of str
           @param tags: tags to add to the cluster
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = [("tag", t) for t in tags]
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT, "/%s/tags" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                    query, None)
         def DeleteClusterTags(self, tags, dry_run=False):
           """Deletes tags from the cluster.
           @type tags: list of str
           @param tags: tags to delete
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           """
           query = [("tag", t) for t in tags]
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_DELETE, "/%s/tags" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                    query, None)
         def GetInstances(self, bulk=False):
           """Gets information about instances on the cluster.
           @type bulk: bool
           @param bulk: whether to return all information about all instances
           @rtype: list of dict or list of str
           @return: if bulk is True, info about the instances, else a list of instances
           """
           query = []
           if bulk:
             query.append(("bulk", 1))
           instances = self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                         "/%s/instances" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                         query, None)
           if bulk:
             return instances
           else:
             return [i["id"] for i in instances]
         def GetInstance(self, instance):
           """Gets information about an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: instance whose info to return
           @rtype: dict
           @return: info about the instance
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, None)
         def GetInstanceInfo(self, instance, static=None):
           """Gets information about an instance.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @rtype: string
           @return: Job ID
           """
           if static is not None:
             query = [("static", static)]
           else:
             query = None
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/info" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def CreateInstance(self, mode, name, disk_template, disks, nics,
                            **kwargs):
           """Creates a new instance.
           More details for parameters can be found in the RAPI documentation.
           @type mode: string
           @param mode: Instance creation mode
           @type name: string
           @param name: Hostname of the instance to create
           @type disk_template: string
           @param disk_template: Disk template for instance (e.g. plain, diskless,
                                 file, or drbd)
           @type disks: list of dicts
           @param disks: List of disk definitions
           @type nics: list of dicts
           @param nics: List of NIC definitions
           @type dry_run: bool
           @keyword dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = []
           if kwargs.get("dry_run"):
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           if _INST_CREATE_REQV1 in self.GetFeatures():
             # All required fields for request data version 1
             body = {
               _REQ_DATA_VERSION_FIELD: 1,
               "mode": mode,
               "name": name,
               "disk_template": disk_template,
               "disks": disks,
               "nics": nics,
+              }
             conflicts = set(kwargs.iterkeys()) & set(body.iterkeys())
             if conflicts:
               raise GanetiApiError("Required fields can not be specified as"
                                    " keywords: %s" % ", ".join(conflicts))
             body.update((key, value) for key, value in kwargs.iteritems()
                         if key != "dry_run")
           else:
             # Old request format (version 0)
             # The following code must make sure that an exception is raised when an
             # unsupported setting is requested by the caller. Otherwise this can lead
             # to bugs difficult to find. The interface of this function must stay
             # exactly the same for version 0 and 1 (e.g. they aren't allowed to
             # require different data types).
             # Validate disks
             for idx, disk in enumerate(disks):
               unsupported = set(disk.keys()) - _INST_CREATE_V0_DISK_PARAMS
               if unsupported:
                 raise GanetiApiError("Server supports request version 0 only, but"
                                      " disk %s specifies the unsupported parameters"
                                      " %s, allowed are %s" %
                                      (idx, unsupported,
                                       list(_INST_CREATE_V0_DISK_PARAMS)))
             assert (len(_INST_CREATE_V0_DISK_PARAMS) == 1 and
                     "size" in _INST_CREATE_V0_DISK_PARAMS)
             disk_sizes = [disk["size"] for disk in disks]
             # Validate NICs
             if not nics:
               raise GanetiApiError("Server supports request version 0 only, but"
                                    " no NIC specified")
             elif len(nics) > 1:
               raise GanetiApiError("Server supports request version 0 only, but"
                                    " more than one NIC specified")
             assert len(nics) == 1
             unsupported = set(nics[0].keys()) - _INST_NIC_PARAMS
             if unsupported:
               raise GanetiApiError("Server supports request version 0 only, but"
                                    " NIC 0 specifies the unsupported parameters %s,"
                                    " allowed are %s" %
                                    (unsupported, list(_INST_NIC_PARAMS)))
             # Validate other parameters
             unsupported = (set(kwargs.keys()) - _INST_CREATE_V0_PARAMS -
                            _INST_CREATE_V0_DPARAMS)
             if unsupported:
               allowed = _INST_CREATE_V0_PARAMS.union(_INST_CREATE_V0_DPARAMS)
               raise GanetiApiError("Server supports request version 0 only, but"
                                    " the following unsupported parameters are"
                                    " specified: %s, allowed are %s" %
                                    (unsupported, list(allowed)))
             # All required fields for request data version 0
             body = {
               _REQ_DATA_VERSION_FIELD: 0,
               "name": name,
               "disk_template": disk_template,
               "disks": disk_sizes,
+              }
             # NIC fields
             assert len(nics) == 1
             assert not (set(body.keys()) & set(nics[0].keys()))
             body.update(nics[0])
             # Copy supported fields
             assert not (set(body.keys()) & set(kwargs.keys()))
             body.update(dict((key, value) for key, value in kwargs.items()
                              if key in _INST_CREATE_V0_PARAMS))
             # Merge dictionaries
             for i in (value for key, value in kwargs.items()
                       if key in _INST_CREATE_V0_DPARAMS):
               assert not (set(body.keys()) & set(i.keys()))
               body.update(i)
             assert not (set(kwargs.keys()) -
                         (_INST_CREATE_V0_PARAMS | _INST_CREATE_V0_DPARAMS))
             assert not (set(body.keys()) & _INST_CREATE_V0_DPARAMS)
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST, "/%s/instances" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                    query, body)
         def DeleteInstance(self, instance, dry_run=False):
           """Deletes an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: the instance to delete
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = []
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_DELETE,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def ModifyInstance(self, instance, **kwargs):
           """Modifies an instance.
           More details for parameters can be found in the RAPI documentation.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           body = kwargs
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/modify" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, body)
         def ActivateInstanceDisks(self, instance, ignore_size=None):
           """Activates an instance's disks.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @type ignore_size: bool
           @param ignore_size: Whether to ignore recorded size
           @return: job id
           """
           query = []
           if ignore_size:
             query.append(("ignore_size", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/activate-disks" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def DeactivateInstanceDisks(self, instance):
           """Deactivates an instance's disks.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @return: job id
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/deactivate-disks" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, None)
         def GrowInstanceDisk(self, instance, disk, amount, wait_for_sync=None):
           """Grows a disk of an instance.
           More details for parameters can be found in the RAPI documentation.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @type disk: integer
           @param disk: Disk index
           @type amount: integer
           @param amount: Grow disk by this amount (MiB)
           @type wait_for_sync: bool
           @param wait_for_sync: Wait for disk to synchronize
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           body = {
             "amount": amount,
+            }
           if wait_for_sync is not None:
             body["wait_for_sync"] = wait_for_sync
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/disk/%s/grow" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance, disk)),
                                    None, body)
         def GetInstanceTags(self, instance):
           """Gets tags for an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: instance whose tags to return
           @rtype: list of str
           @return: tags for the instance
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/tags" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, None)
         def AddInstanceTags(self, instance, tags, dry_run=False):
           """Adds tags to an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: instance to add tags to
           @type tags: list of str
           @param tags: tags to add to the instance
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = [("tag", t) for t in tags]
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/tags" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def DeleteInstanceTags(self, instance, tags, dry_run=False):
           """Deletes tags from an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: instance to delete tags from
           @type tags: list of str
           @param tags: tags to delete
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           """
           query = [("tag", t) for t in tags]
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_DELETE,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/tags" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def RebootInstance(self, instance, reboot_type=None, ignore_secondaries=None,
                            dry_run=False):
           """Reboots an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: instance to rebot
           @type reboot_type: str
           @param reboot_type: one of: hard, soft, full
           @type ignore_secondaries: bool
           @param ignore_secondaries: if True, ignores errors for the secondary node
               while re-assembling disks (in hard-reboot mode only)
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           """
           query = []
           if reboot_type:
             query.append(("type", reboot_type))
           if ignore_secondaries is not None:
             query.append(("ignore_secondaries", ignore_secondaries))
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/reboot" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def ShutdownInstance(self, instance, dry_run=False):
           """Shuts down an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: the instance to shut down
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           """
           query = []
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/shutdown" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def StartupInstance(self, instance, dry_run=False):
           """Starts up an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: the instance to start up
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           """
           query = []
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/startup" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def ReinstallInstance(self, instance, os=None, no_startup=False,
                               osparams=None):
           """Reinstalls an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: The instance to reinstall
           @type os: str or None
           @param os: The operating system to reinstall. If None, the instance's
               current operating system will be installed again
           @type no_startup: bool
           @param no_startup: Whether to start the instance automatically
           """
           if _INST_REINSTALL_REQV1 in self.GetFeatures():
             body = {
               "start": not no_startup,
+              }
             if os is not None:
               body["os"] = os
             if osparams is not None:
               body["osparams"] = osparams
             return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST,
                                      ("/%s/instances/%s/reinstall" %
                                       (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, body)
           # Use old request format
           if osparams:
             raise GanetiApiError("Server does not support specifying OS parameters"
                                  " for instance reinstallation")
           query = []
           if os:
             query.append(("os", os))
           if no_startup:
             query.append(("nostartup", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/reinstall" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def ReplaceInstanceDisks(self, instance, disks=None, mode=REPLACE_DISK_AUTO,
                                  remote_node=None, iallocator=None, dry_run=False):
           """Replaces disks on an instance.
           @type instance: str
           @param instance: instance whose disks to replace
           @type disks: list of ints
           @param disks: Indexes of disks to replace
           @type mode: str
           @param mode: replacement mode to use (defaults to replace_auto)
           @type remote_node: str or None
           @param remote_node: new secondary node to use (for use with
               replace_new_secondary mode)
           @type iallocator: str or None
           @param iallocator: instance allocator plugin to use (for use with
                              replace_auto mode)
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = [
             ("mode", mode),
+            ]
           if disks:
             query.append(("disks", ",".join(str(idx) for idx in disks)))
           if remote_node:
             query.append(("remote_node", remote_node))
           if iallocator:
             query.append(("iallocator", iallocator))
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/replace-disks" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def PrepareExport(self, instance, mode):
           """Prepares an instance for an export.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @type mode: string
           @param mode: Export mode
           @rtype: string
           @return: Job ID
           """
           query = [("mode", mode)]
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/prepare-export" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), query, None)
         def ExportInstance(self, instance, mode, destination, shutdown=None,
                            remove_instance=None,
                            x509_key_name=None, destination_x509_ca=None):
           """Exports an instance.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @type mode: string
           @param mode: Export mode
           @rtype: string
           @return: Job ID
           """
           body = {
             "destination": destination,
             "mode": mode,
+            }
           if shutdown is not None:
             body["shutdown"] = shutdown
           if remove_instance is not None:
             body["remove_instance"] = remove_instance
           if x509_key_name is not None:
             body["x509_key_name"] = x509_key_name
           if destination_x509_ca is not None:
             body["destination_x509_ca"] = destination_x509_ca
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/export" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, body)
         def MigrateInstance(self, instance, mode=None, cleanup=None):
           """Migrates an instance.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @type mode: string
           @param mode: Migration mode
           @type cleanup: bool
           @param cleanup: Whether to clean up a previously failed migration
           """
           body = {}
           if mode is not None:
             body["mode"] = mode
           if cleanup is not None:
             body["cleanup"] = cleanup
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/migrate" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, body)
         def RenameInstance(self, instance, new_name, ip_check=None, name_check=None):
           """Changes the name of an instance.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           @type new_name: string
           @param new_name: New instance name
           @type ip_check: bool
           @param ip_check: Whether to ensure instance's IP address is inactive
           @type name_check: bool
           @param name_check: Whether to ensure instance's name is resolvable
           """
           body = {
             "new_name": new_name,
+            }
           if ip_check is not None:
             body["ip_check"] = ip_check
           if name_check is not None:
             body["name_check"] = name_check
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/rename" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, body)
         def GetInstanceConsole(self, instance):
           """Request information for connecting to instance's console.
           @type instance: string
           @param instance: Instance name
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    ("/%s/instances/%s/console" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, instance)), None, None)
         def GetJobs(self):
           """Gets all jobs for the cluster.
           @rtype: list of int
           @return: job ids for the cluster
           """
           return [int(j["id"])
                   for j in self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                              "/%s/jobs" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                              None, None)]
         def GetJobStatus(self, job_id):
           """Gets the status of a job.
           @type job_id: int
           @param job_id: job id whose status to query
           @rtype: dict
           @return: job status
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    "/%s/jobs/%s" % (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, job_id),
                                    None, None)
         def WaitForJobChange(self, job_id, fields, prev_job_info, prev_log_serial):
           """Waits for job changes.
           @type job_id: int
           @param job_id: Job ID for which to wait
           """
           body = {
             "fields": fields,
             "previous_job_info": prev_job_info,
             "previous_log_serial": prev_log_serial,
+            }
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    "/%s/jobs/%s/wait" % (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, job_id),
                                    None, body)
         def CancelJob(self, job_id, dry_run=False):
           """Cancels a job.
           @type job_id: int
           @param job_id: id of the job to delete
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           """
           query = []
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_DELETE,
                                    "/%s/jobs/%s" % (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, job_id),
                                    query, None)
         def GetNodes(self, bulk=False):
           """Gets all nodes in the cluster.
           @type bulk: bool
           @param bulk: whether to return all information about all instances
           @rtype: list of dict or str
           @return: if bulk is true, info about nodes in the cluster,
               else list of nodes in the cluster
           """
           query = []
           if bulk:
             query.append(("bulk", 1))
           nodes = self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET, "/%s/nodes" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                     query, None)
           if bulk:
             return nodes
           else:
             return [n["id"] for n in nodes]
         def GetNode(self, node):
           """Gets information about a node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node whose info to return
           @rtype: dict
           @return: info about the node
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    "/%s/nodes/%s" % (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node),
                                    None, None)
         def EvacuateNode(self, node, iallocator=None, remote_node=None,
                          dry_run=False, early_release=False):
           """Evacuates instances from a Ganeti node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node to evacuate
           @type iallocator: str or None
           @param iallocator: instance allocator to use
           @type remote_node: str
           @param remote_node: node to evaucate to
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           @type early_release: bool
           @param early_release: whether to enable parallelization
           @rtype: list
           @return: list of (job ID, instance name, new secondary node); if
               dry_run was specified, then the actual move jobs were not
               submitted and the job IDs will be C{None}
           @raises GanetiApiError: if an iallocator and remote_node are both
               specified
           """
           if iallocator and remote_node:
             raise GanetiApiError("Only one of iallocator or remote_node can be used")
           query = []
           if iallocator:
             query.append(("iallocator", iallocator))
           if remote_node:
             query.append(("remote_node", remote_node))
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           if early_release:
             query.append(("early_release", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/evacuate" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), query, None)
         def MigrateNode(self, node, mode=None, dry_run=False):
           """Migrates all primary instances from a node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node to migrate
           @type mode: string
           @param mode: if passed, it will overwrite the live migration type,
               otherwise the hypervisor default will be used
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = []
           if mode is not None:
             query.append(("mode", mode))
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/migrate" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), query, None)
         def GetNodeRole(self, node):
           """Gets the current role for a node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node whose role to return
           @rtype: str
           @return: the current role for a node
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/role" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), None, None)
         def SetNodeRole(self, node, role, force=False):
           """Sets the role for a node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: the node whose role to set
           @type role: str
           @param role: the role to set for the node
           @type force: bool
           @param force: whether to force the role change
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = [
             ("force", force),
+            ]
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/role" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), query, role)
         def GetNodeStorageUnits(self, node, storage_type, output_fields):
           """Gets the storage units for a node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: the node whose storage units to return
           @type storage_type: str
           @param storage_type: storage type whose units to return
           @type output_fields: str
           @param output_fields: storage type fields to return
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id where results can be retrieved
           """
           query = [
             ("storage_type", storage_type),
             ("output_fields", output_fields),
+            ]
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/storage" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), query, None)
         def ModifyNodeStorageUnits(self, node, storage_type, name, allocatable=None):
           """Modifies parameters of storage units on the node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node whose storage units to modify
           @type storage_type: str
           @param storage_type: storage type whose units to modify
           @type name: str
           @param name: name of the storage unit
           @type allocatable: bool or None
           @param allocatable: Whether to set the "allocatable" flag on the storage
                               unit (None=no modification, True=set, False=unset)
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = [
             ("storage_type", storage_type),
             ("name", name),
+            ]
           if allocatable is not None:
             query.append(("allocatable", allocatable))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/storage/modify" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), query, None)
         def RepairNodeStorageUnits(self, node, storage_type, name):
           """Repairs a storage unit on the node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node whose storage units to repair
           @type storage_type: str
           @param storage_type: storage type to repair
           @type name: str
           @param name: name of the storage unit to repair
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = [
             ("storage_type", storage_type),
             ("name", name),
+            ]
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/storage/repair" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), query, None)
         def GetNodeTags(self, node):
           """Gets the tags for a node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node whose tags to return
           @rtype: list of str
           @return: tags for the node
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/tags" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), None, None)
         def AddNodeTags(self, node, tags, dry_run=False):
           """Adds tags to a node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node to add tags to
           @type tags: list of str
           @param tags: tags to add to the node
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = [("tag", t) for t in tags]
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/tags" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), query, tags)
         def DeleteNodeTags(self, node, tags, dry_run=False):
           """Delete tags from a node.
           @type node: str
           @param node: node to remove tags from
           @type tags: list of str
           @param tags: tags to remove from the node
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to perform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = [("tag", t) for t in tags]
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_DELETE,
                                    ("/%s/nodes/%s/tags" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, node)), query, None)
         def GetGroups(self, bulk=False):
           """Gets all node groups in the cluster.
           @type bulk: bool
           @param bulk: whether to return all information about the groups
           @rtype: list of dict or str
           @return: if bulk is true, a list of dictionaries with info about all node
               groups in the cluster, else a list of names of those node groups
           """
           query = []
           if bulk:
             query.append(("bulk", 1))
           groups = self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET, "/%s/groups" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                      query, None)
           if bulk:
             return groups
           else:
             return [g["name"] for g in groups]
         def GetGroup(self, group):
           """Gets information about a node group.
           @type group: str
           @param group: name of the node group whose info to return
           @rtype: dict
           @return: info about the node group
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_GET,
                                    "/%s/groups/%s" % (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, group),
                                    None, None)
         def CreateGroup(self, name, alloc_policy=None, dry_run=False):
           """Creates a new node group.
           @type name: str
           @param name: the name of node group to create
           @type alloc_policy: str
           @param alloc_policy: the desired allocation policy for the group, if any
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to peform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = []
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           body = {
             "name": name,
             "alloc_policy": alloc_policy
+            }
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_POST, "/%s/groups" % GANETI_RAPI_VERSION,
                                    query, body)
         def ModifyGroup(self, group, **kwargs):
           """Modifies a node group.
           More details for parameters can be found in the RAPI documentation.
           @type group: string
           @param group: Node group name
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/groups/%s/modify" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, group)), None, kwargs)
         def DeleteGroup(self, group, dry_run=False):
           """Deletes a node group.
           @type group: str
           @param group: the node group to delete
           @type dry_run: bool
           @param dry_run: whether to peform a dry run
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = []
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_DELETE,
                                    ("/%s/groups/%s" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, group)), query, None)
         def RenameGroup(self, group, new_name):
           """Changes the name of a node group.
           @type group: string
           @param group: Node group name
           @type new_name: string
           @param new_name: New node group name
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           body = {
             "new_name": new_name,
+            }
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/groups/%s/rename" %
                                     (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, group)), None, body)
         def AssignGroupNodes(self, group, nodes, force=False, dry_run=False):
           """Assigns nodes to a group.
           @type group: string
           @param group: Node gropu name
           @type nodes: list of strings
           @param nodes: List of nodes to assign to the group
           @rtype: int
           @return: job id
           """
           query = []
           if force:
             query.append(("force", 1))
           if dry_run:
             query.append(("dry-run", 1))
           body = {
             "nodes": nodes,
+            }
           return self._SendRequest(HTTP_PUT,
                                    ("/%s/groups/%s/assign-nodes" %
                                    (GANETI_RAPI_VERSION, group)), query, body)