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.. _admin-guide: |
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|
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Synnefo Administrator's Guide |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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|
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This is the complete Synnefo Administrator's Guide. |
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|
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|
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|
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General Synnefo Architecture |
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============================ |
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|
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The following graph shows the whole Synnefo architecture and how it interacts |
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with multiple Ganeti clusters. We hope that after reading the Administrator's |
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Guide you will be able to understand every component and all the interactions |
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between them. It is a good idea to first go through the Quick Administrator's |
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Guide before proceeding. |
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|
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.. image:: images/synnefo-arch2.png |
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:width: 100% |
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:target: _images/synnefo-arch2.png |
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|
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Identity Service (Astakos) |
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========================== |
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|
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|
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Overview |
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-------- |
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|
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Authentication methods |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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Local Authentication |
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```````````````````` |
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|
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LDAP Authentication |
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``````````````````` |
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|
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.. _shibboleth-auth: |
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|
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Shibboleth Authentication |
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````````````````````````` |
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|
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Astakos can delegate user authentication to a Shibboleth federation. |
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|
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To setup shibboleth, install package:: |
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|
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apt-get install libapache2-mod-shib2 |
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|
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Change appropriately the configuration files in ``/etc/shibboleth``. |
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|
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Add in ``/etc/apache2/sites-available/synnefo-ssl``:: |
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|
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ShibConfig /etc/shibboleth/shibboleth2.xml |
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Alias /shibboleth-sp /usr/share/shibboleth |
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|
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<Location /im/login/shibboleth> |
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AuthType shibboleth |
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ShibRequireSession On |
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ShibUseHeaders On |
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require valid-user |
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</Location> |
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|
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and before the line containing:: |
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|
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ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/ retry=0 |
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|
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add:: |
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|
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ProxyPass /Shibboleth.sso ! |
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|
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Then, enable the shibboleth module:: |
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|
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a2enmod shib2 |
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|
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After passing through the apache module, the following tokens should be |
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available at the destination:: |
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|
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eppn # eduPersonPrincipalName |
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Shib-InetOrgPerson-givenName |
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Shib-Person-surname |
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Shib-Person-commonName |
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Shib-InetOrgPerson-displayName |
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Shib-EP-Affiliation |
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Shib-Session-ID |
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|
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Finally, add 'shibboleth' in ``ASTAKOS_IM_MODULES`` list. The variable resides |
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inside the file ``/etc/synnefo/20-snf-astakos-app-settings.conf`` |
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|
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Architecture |
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------------ |
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|
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Prereqs |
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------- |
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|
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Installation |
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------------ |
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|
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Configuration |
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------------- |
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|
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Working with Astakos |
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-------------------- |
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|
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User activation methods |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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When a new user signs up, he/she is not marked as active. You can see his/her |
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state by running (on the machine that runs the Astakos app): |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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$ snf-manage user-list |
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|
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There are two different ways to activate a new user. Both need access to a |
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running :ref:`mail server <mail-server>`. |
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|
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Manual activation |
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````````````````` |
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|
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You can manually activate a new user that has already signed up, by sending |
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him/her an activation email. The email will contain an approriate activation |
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link, which will complete the activation process if followed. You can send the |
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email by running: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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$ snf-manage user-activation-send <user ID or email> |
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Be sure to have already setup your mail server and defined it in your Synnefo |
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settings, before running the command. |
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|
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Automatic activation |
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```````````````````` |
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|
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FIXME: Describe Regex activation method |
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|
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Setting quota limits |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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Set default quotas |
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`````````````````` |
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|
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In 20-snf-astakos-app-settings.conf, |
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uncomment the default setting ``ASTAKOS_SERVICES`` |
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and customize the ``'uplimit'`` values. |
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These are the default base quotas for all users. |
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|
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To apply your configuration run:: |
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|
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# snf-manage astakos-init --load-service-resources |
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# snf-manage astakos-quota --sync |
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|
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Set base quotas for individual users |
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```````````````````````````````````` |
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|
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For individual users that need different quotas than the default |
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you can set it for each resource like this:: |
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|
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# use this to display quotas / uuid |
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# snf-manage user-show 'uuid or email' |
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|
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# snf-manage user-set-initial-quota --set-capacity 'user-uuid' 'cyclades.vm' 10 |
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|
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# this applies the configuration |
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# snf-manage astakos-quota --sync --user 'user-uuid' |
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|
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|
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Enable the Projects feature |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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If you want to enable the projects feature so that users may apply |
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on their own for resources by creating and joining projects, |
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in ``20-snf-astakos-app-settings.conf`` set:: |
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|
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# this will allow at most one pending project application per user |
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ASTAKOS_PENDING_APPLICATION_LIMIT = 1 |
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# this will make the 'projects' page visible in the dashboard |
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ASTAKOS_PROJECTS_VISIBLE = True |
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|
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You can specify a user-specific limit on pending project applications |
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with:: |
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|
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# snf-manage user-update <user id> --max-pending-projects=2 |
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|
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When users apply for projects they are not automatically granted |
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the resources. They must first be approved by the administrator. |
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|
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To list pending project applications in astakos:: |
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|
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# snf-manage project-list --pending |
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|
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Note the last column, the application id. To approve it:: |
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|
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# <app id> from the last column of project-list |
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# snf-manage project-control --approve <app id> |
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|
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To deny an application:: |
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|
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# snf-manage project-control --deny <app id> |
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|
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Users designated as *project admins* can approve, deny, or modify |
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an application through the web interface. In |
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``20-snf-astakos-app-settings.conf`` set:: |
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|
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# UUIDs of users that can approve or deny project applications from the web. |
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ASTAKOS_PROJECT_ADMINS = [<uuid>, ...] |
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|
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|
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Astakos advanced operations |
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--------------------------- |
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|
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Adding "Terms of Use" |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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Astakos supports versioned terms-of-use. First of all you need to create an |
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html file that will contain your terms. For example, create the file |
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``/usr/share/synnefo/sample-terms.html``, which contains the following: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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<h1>~okeanos terms</h1> |
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These are the example terms for ~okeanos |
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|
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Then, add those terms-of-use with the snf-manage command: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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$ snf-manage term-add /usr/share/synnefo/sample-terms.html |
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|
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Your terms have been successfully added and you will see the corresponding link |
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appearing in the Astakos web pages' footer. |
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|
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Enabling reCAPTCHA |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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Astakos supports the `reCAPTCHA <http://www.google.com/recaptcha>`_ feature. |
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If enabled, it protects the Astakos forms from bots. To enable the feature, go |
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to https://www.google.com/recaptcha/admin/create and create your own reCAPTCHA |
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key pair. Then edit ``/etc/synnefo/20-snf-astakos-app-settings.conf`` and set |
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the corresponding variables to reflect your newly created key pair. Finally, set |
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the ``ASTAKOS_RECAPTCHA_ENABLED`` variable to ``True``: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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ASTAKOS_RECAPTCHA_PUBLIC_KEY = 'example_recaptcha_public_key!@#$%^&*(' |
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ASTAKOS_RECAPTCHA_PRIVATE_KEY = 'example_recaptcha_private_key!@#$%^&*(' |
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|
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ASTAKOS_RECAPTCHA_ENABLED = True |
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|
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Restart the service on the Astakos node(s) and you are ready: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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# /etc/init.d/gunicorn restart |
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|
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Checkout your new Sign up page. If you see the reCAPTCHA box, you have setup |
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everything correctly. |
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|
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|
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|
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File Storage Service (Pithos) |
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============================= |
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|
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Overview |
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-------- |
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|
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Architecture |
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------------ |
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|
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Prereqs |
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------- |
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|
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Installation |
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------------ |
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|
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Configuration |
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------------- |
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|
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Working with Pithos |
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------------------- |
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|
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Pithos advanced operations |
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-------------------------- |
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|
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|
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|
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Compute/Network/Image Service (Cyclades) |
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======================================== |
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|
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Compute Overview |
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---------------- |
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|
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Network Overview |
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---------------- |
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|
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Image Overview |
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-------------- |
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|
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Architecture |
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------------ |
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|
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Asynchronous communication with Ganeti backends |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Synnefo uses Google Ganeti backends for VM cluster management. In order for |
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Cyclades to be able to handle thousands of user requests, Cyclades and Ganeti |
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communicate asynchronously. Briefly, requests are submitted to Ganeti through |
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Ganeti's RAPI/HTTP interface, and then asynchronous notifications about the |
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progress of Ganeti jobs are being created and pushed upwards to Cyclades. The |
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architecture and communication with a Ganeti backend is shown in the graph |
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below: |
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|
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.. image:: images/cyclades-ganeti-communication.png |
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:width: 50% |
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:target: _images/cyclades-ganeti-communication.png |
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|
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The Cyclades API server is responsible for handling user requests. Read-only |
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requests are directly served by looking up the Cyclades DB. If the request |
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needs an action in the Ganeti backend, Cyclades submit jobs to the Ganeti |
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master using the `Ganeti RAPI interface |
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<http://docs.ganeti.org/ganeti/2.2/html/rapi.html>`_. |
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|
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While Ganeti executes the job, `snf-ganeti-eventd`, `snf-ganeti-hook` and |
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`snf-progress-monitor` are monitoring the progress of the job and send |
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corresponding messages to the RabbitMQ servers. These components are part |
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of `snf-cyclades-gtools` and must be installed on all Ganeti nodes. Specially: |
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|
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* *snf-ganeti-eventd* sends messages about operations affecting the operating |
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state of instances and networks. Works by monitoring the Ganeti job queue. |
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* *snf-ganeti_hook* sends messages about the NICs of instances. It includes a |
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number of `Ganeti hooks <http://docs.ganeti.org/ganeti/2.2/html/hooks.html>`_ |
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for customisation of operations. |
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* *snf-progress_monitor* sends messages about the progress of the Image deployment |
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phase which is done by the Ganeti OS Definition `snf-image`. |
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|
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Finally, `snf-dispatcher` consumes messages from the RabbitMQ queues, processes |
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these messages and properly updates the state of the Cyclades DB. Subsequent |
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requests to the Cyclades API, will retrieve the updated state from the DB. |
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|
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|
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Prereqs |
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------- |
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|
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Work in progress. Please refer to :ref:`quick administrator quide <quick-install-admin-guide>`. |
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|
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Installation |
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------------ |
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|
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Work in progress. Please refer to :ref:`quick administrator quide <quick-install-admin-guide>`. |
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|
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Configuration |
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------------- |
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|
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Work in progress. Please refer to :ref:`quick administrator quide <quick-install-admin-guide>`. |
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|
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Working with Cyclades |
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--------------------- |
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|
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Managing Ganeti Backends |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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Since v0.11, Synnefo is able to manage multiple Ganeti clusters (backends) |
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making it capable to scale linearly to tens of thousands of VMs. Backends |
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can be dynamically added or removed via `snf-manage` commands. |
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|
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Each newly created VM is allocated to a Ganeti backend by the Cyclades backend |
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allocator. The VM is "pinned" to this backend, and can not change through its |
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lifetime. The backend allocator decides in which backend to spawn the VM based |
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on the available resources of each backend, trying to balance the load between |
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them. |
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|
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Handling of Networks, as far as backends are concerned, is based on whether the |
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network is public or not. Public networks are created through the `snf-manage |
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network-create` command, and are only created on one backend. Private networks |
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are created on all backends, in order to ensure that VMs residing on different |
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backends can be connected to the same private network. |
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|
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Listing existing backends |
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````````````````````````` |
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To list all the Ganeti backends known to Synnefo, we run: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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$ snf-manage backend-list |
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|
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Adding a new Ganeti backend |
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``````````````````````````` |
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Backends are dynamically added under the control of Synnefo with `snf-manage |
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backend-add` command. In this section it is assumed that a Ganeti cluster, |
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named ``cluster.example.com`` is already up and running and configured to be |
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able to host Synnefo VMs. |
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|
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To add this Ganeti cluster, we run: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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$ snf-manage backend-add --clustername=cluster.example.com --user="synnefo_user" --pass="synnefo_pass" |
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|
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where ``clustername`` is the Cluster hostname of the Ganeti cluster, and |
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``user`` and ``pass`` are the credentials for the `Ganeti RAPI user |
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<http://docs.ganeti.org/ganeti/2.2/html/rapi.html#users-and-passwords>`_. All |
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backend attributes can be also changed dynamically using the `snf-manage |
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backend-modify` command. |
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|
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``snf-manage backend-add`` will also create all existing private networks to |
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the new backend. You can verify that the backend is added, by running |
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`snf-manage backend-list`. |
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|
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Note that no VMs will be spawned to this backend, since by default it is in a |
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``drained`` state after addition and also it has no public network assigned to |
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it. |
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|
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So, first you need to create its public network, make sure everything works as |
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expected and finally make it active by un-setting the ``drained`` flag. You can |
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do this by running: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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$ snf-manage backend-modify --drained=False <backend_id> |
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|
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Removing an existing Ganeti backend |
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``````````````````````````````````` |
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In order to remove an existing backend from Synnefo, we run: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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# snf-manage backend-remove <backend_id> |
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|
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This command will fail if there are active VMs on the backend. Also, the |
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backend is not cleaned before removal, so all the Synnefo private networks |
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will be left on the Ganeti nodes. You need to remove them manually. |
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|
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Allocation of VMs in Ganeti backends |
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```````````````````````````````````` |
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As already mentioned, the Cyclades backend allocator is responsible for |
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allocating new VMs to backends. This allocator does not choose the exact Ganeti |
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node that will host the VM but just the Ganeti backend. The exact node is |
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chosen by the Ganeti cluster's allocator (hail). |
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|
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The decision about which backend will host a VM is based on the available |
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resources. The allocator computes a score for each backend, that shows its load |
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factor, and the one with the minimum score is chosen. The admin can exclude |
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backends from the allocation phase by marking them as ``drained`` by running: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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$ snf-manage backend-modify --drained=True <backend_id> |
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|
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The backend resources are periodically updated, at a period defined by |
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the ``BACKEND_REFRESH_MIN`` setting, or by running `snf-manage backend-update-status` |
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command. It is advised to have a cron job running this command at a smaller |
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interval than ``BACKEND_REFRESH_MIN`` in order to remove the load of refreshing |
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the backends stats from the VM creation phase. |
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|
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Finally, the admin can decide to have a user's VMs being allocated to a |
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specific backend, with the ``BACKEND_PER_USER`` setting. This is a mapping |
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between users and backends. If the user is found in ``BACKEND_PER_USER``, then |
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Synnefo allocates all his/hers VMs to the specific backend in the variable, |
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even if is marked as drained (useful for testing). |
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|
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|
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Managing Virtual Machines |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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As mentioned, Cyclades uses Ganeti for management of VMs. The administrator can |
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handle Cyclades VMs just like any other Ganeti instance, via `gnt-instance` |
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commands. All Ganeti instances that belong to Synnefo, are separated from |
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others, by a prefix in their names. This prefix is defined in |
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``BACKEND_PREFIX_ID`` setting in |
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``/etc/synnefo/20-snf-cyclades-app-backend.conf``. |
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|
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Apart from handling instances directly in the Ganeti level, a number of `snf-manage` |
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commands are available: |
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|
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* ``snf-manage server-list``: List servers |
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* ``snf-manage server-show``: Show information about a server in the Cyclades DB |
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* ``snf-manage server-inspect``: Inspect the state of a server both in DB and Ganeti |
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* ``snf-manage server-modify``: Modify the state of a server in the Cycldes DB |
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* ``snf-manage server-create``: Create a new server |
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* ``snf-manage server-import``: Import an existing Ganeti instance to Cyclades |
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|
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|
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Managing Virtual Networks |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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|
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Cyclades is able to create and manage Virtual Networks. Networking is |
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desployment specific and must be customized based on the specific needs of the |
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system administrator. For better understanding of networking please refer to |
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the :ref:`Network <networks>` section. |
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|
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Exactly as Cyclades VMs can be handled like Ganeti instances, Cyclades Networks |
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can also by handled as Ganeti networks, via `gnt-network commands`. All Ganeti |
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networks that belong to Synnefo are named with the prefix |
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`${BACKEND_PREFIX_ID}-net-`. |
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|
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There are also the following `snf-manage` commands for managing networks: |
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|
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* ``snf-manage network-list``: List networks |
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* ``snf-manage network-show``: Show information about a network in the Cyclades DB |
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* ``snf-manage network-inspect``: Inspect the state of the network in DB and Ganeti backends |
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* ``snf-manage network-modify``: Modify the state of a network in the Cycldes DB |
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* ``snf-manage network-create``: Create a new network |
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* ``snf-manage network-remove``: Remove an existing network |
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|
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Managing Network Resources |
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`````````````````````````` |
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|
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Proper operation of the Cyclades Network Service depends on the unique |
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assignment of specific resources to each type of virtual network. Specifically, |
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these resources are: |
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|
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* IP addresses. Cyclades creates a Pool of IPs for each Network, and assigns a |
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unique IP address to each VM, thus connecting it to this Network. You can see |
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the IP pool of each network by running `snf-manage network-inspect |
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<network_ID>`. IP pools are automatically created and managed by Cyclades, |
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depending on the subnet of the Network. |
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* Bridges corresponding to physical VLANs, which are required for networks of |
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type `PRIVATE_PHYSICAL_VLAN`. |
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* One Bridge corresponding to one physical VLAN which is required for networks of |
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type `PRIVATE_MAC_PREFIX`. |
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|
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Cyclades allocates those resources from pools that are created by the |
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administrator with the `snf-manage pool-create` management command. |
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|
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Pool Creation |
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````````````` |
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Pools are created using the `snf-manage pool-create` command: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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# snf-manage pool-create --type=bridge --base=prv --size=20 |
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|
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will create a pool of bridges, containing bridges prv1, prv2,..prv21. |
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|
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You can verify the creation of the pool, and check its contents by running: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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# snf-manage pool-list |
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# snf-manage pool-show --type=bridge 1 |
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|
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With the same commands you can handle a pool of MAC prefixes. For example: |
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|
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.. code-block:: console |
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|
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# snf-manage pool-create --type=mac-prefix --base=aa:00:0 --size=65536 |
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|
551 |
will create a pool of MAC prefixes from ``aa:00:1`` to ``b9:ff:f``. The MAC |
552 |
prefix pool is responsible for providing only unicast and locally administered |
553 |
MAC addresses, so many of these prefixes will be externally reserved, to |
554 |
exclude from allocation. |
555 |
|
556 |
Cyclades advanced operations |
557 |
---------------------------- |
558 |
|
559 |
Reconciliation mechanism |
560 |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
561 |
|
562 |
On certain occasions, such as a Ganeti or RabbitMQ failure, the state of |
563 |
Cyclades database may differ from the real state of VMs and networks in the |
564 |
Ganeti backends. The reconciliation process is designed to synchronize |
565 |
the state of the Cyclades DB with Ganeti. There are two management commands |
566 |
for reconciling VMs and Networks |
567 |
|
568 |
Reconciling Virtual Machines |
569 |
```````````````````````````` |
570 |
|
571 |
Reconciliation of VMs detects the following conditions: |
572 |
|
573 |
* Stale DB servers without corresponding Ganeti instances |
574 |
* Orphan Ganeti instances, without corresponding DB entries |
575 |
* Out-of-sync state for DB entries wrt to Ganeti instances |
576 |
|
577 |
To detect all inconsistencies you can just run: |
578 |
|
579 |
.. code-block:: console |
580 |
|
581 |
$ snf-manage reconcile-servers |
582 |
|
583 |
Adding the `--fix-all` option, will do the actual synchronization: |
584 |
|
585 |
.. code-block:: console |
586 |
|
587 |
$ snf-manage reconcile --fix-all |
588 |
|
589 |
Please see ``snf-manage reconcile --help`` for all the details. |
590 |
|
591 |
|
592 |
Reconciling Networks |
593 |
```````````````````` |
594 |
|
595 |
Reconciliation of Networks detects the following conditions: |
596 |
|
597 |
* Stale DB networks without corresponding Ganeti networks |
598 |
* Orphan Ganeti networks, without corresponding DB entries |
599 |
* Private networks that are not created to all Ganeti backends |
600 |
* Unsynchronized IP pools |
601 |
|
602 |
To detect all inconsistencies you can just run: |
603 |
|
604 |
.. code-block:: console |
605 |
|
606 |
$ snf-manage reconcile-networks |
607 |
|
608 |
Adding the `--fix-all` option, will do the actual synchronization: |
609 |
|
610 |
.. code-block:: console |
611 |
|
612 |
$ snf-manage reconcile-networks --fix-all |
613 |
|
614 |
Please see ``snf-manage reconcile-networks --help`` for all the details. |
615 |
|
616 |
|
617 |
|
618 |
Block Storage Service (Archipelago) |
619 |
=================================== |
620 |
|
621 |
Overview |
622 |
-------- |
623 |
Archipelago offers Copy-On-Write snapshotable volumes. Pithos images can be used |
624 |
to provision a volume with Copy-On-Write semantics (i.e. a clone). Snapshots |
625 |
offer a unique deduplicated image of a volume, that reflects the volume state |
626 |
during snapshot creation and are indistinguishable from a Pithos image. |
627 |
|
628 |
Archipelago is used by Cyclades and Ganeti for fast provisioning of VMs based on |
629 |
CoW volumes. Moreover, it enables live migration of thinly-provisioned VMs with |
630 |
no physically shared storage. |
631 |
|
632 |
Archipelago Architecture |
633 |
------------------------ |
634 |
|
635 |
.. image:: images/archipelago-architecture.png |
636 |
:width: 50% |
637 |
:target: _images/archipelago-architecture.png |
638 |
|
639 |
.. _syn+archip+rados: |
640 |
|
641 |
Overview of Synnefo + Archipelago + RADOS |
642 |
----------------------------------------- |
643 |
|
644 |
.. image:: images/synnefo-arch3.png |
645 |
:width: 100% |
646 |
:target: _images/synnefo-arch3.png |
647 |
|
648 |
Prereqs |
649 |
------- |
650 |
|
651 |
The administrator must initialize the storage backend where archipelago volume |
652 |
blocks will reside. |
653 |
|
654 |
In case of a files backend, the administrator must create two directories. One |
655 |
for the archipelago data blocks and one for the archipelago map blocks. These |
656 |
should probably be over shared storage to enable sharing archipelago volumes |
657 |
between multiple nodes. He or she, must also be able to supply a directory where |
658 |
the pithos data and map blocks reside. |
659 |
|
660 |
In case of a RADOS backend, the administrator must create two rados pools, one |
661 |
for data blocks, and one for the map blocks. These pools, must be the same pools |
662 |
used in pithos, in order to enable volume creation based on pithos images. |
663 |
|
664 |
Installation |
665 |
------------ |
666 |
|
667 |
Archipelago consists of |
668 |
|
669 |
* ``libxseg0``: libxseg used to communicate over shared memory segments |
670 |
* ``python-xseg``: python bindings for libxseg |
671 |
* ``archipelago-kernel-dkms``: contains archipelago kernel modules to provide |
672 |
block devices to be used as vm disks |
673 |
* ``python-archipelago``: archipelago python module. Includes archipelago and |
674 |
vlmc functionality. |
675 |
* ``archipelago``: user space tools and peers for the archipelago management and |
676 |
volume composition |
677 |
* ``archipelago-ganeti``: ganeti ext storage scripts, that enable ganeti to |
678 |
provision VMs over archipelago |
679 |
|
680 |
Performing |
681 |
|
682 |
.. code-block:: console |
683 |
|
684 |
$ apt-get install archipelago-ganeti |
685 |
|
686 |
should fetch all the required packages and get you up 'n going with archipelago |
687 |
|
688 |
Bare in mind, that custom librados is required, which is provided in the apt |
689 |
repo of GRNet. |
690 |
|
691 |
|
692 |
For now, librados is a dependency of archipelago, even if you do not intend to |
693 |
use archipelago over RADOS. |
694 |
|
695 |
Configuration |
696 |
------------- |
697 |
Archipelago should work out of the box with a RADOS backend, but basic |
698 |
configuration can be done in ``/etc/default/archipelago`` . |
699 |
|
700 |
If you wish to change the storage backend to files, set |
701 |
|
702 |
.. code-block:: console |
703 |
|
704 |
STORAGE="files" |
705 |
|
706 |
and provide the appropriate settings for files storage backend in the conf file. |
707 |
|
708 |
These are: |
709 |
|
710 |
* ``FILED_IMAGES``: directory for archipelago data blocks. |
711 |
* ``FILED_MAPS``: directory for archipelago map blocks. |
712 |
* ``PITHOS``: directory of pithos data blocks. |
713 |
* ``PITHOSMAPS``: directory of pithos map blocks. |
714 |
|
715 |
The settings for RADOS storage backend are: |
716 |
|
717 |
* ``RADOS_POOL_MAPS``: The pool where archipelago and pithos map blocks reside. |
718 |
* ``RADOS_POOL_BLOCKS``: The pool where archipelago and pithos data blocks |
719 |
reside. |
720 |
|
721 |
Examples can be found in the conf file. |
722 |
|
723 |
Be aware that archipelago infrastructure doesn't provide default values for this |
724 |
settings. If they are not set in the conf file, archipelago will not be able to |
725 |
function. |
726 |
|
727 |
Archipelago also provides ``VERBOSITY`` config options to control the output |
728 |
generated by the userspace peers. |
729 |
|
730 |
The available options are: |
731 |
|
732 |
* ``VERBOSITY_BLOCKERB`` |
733 |
* ``VERBOSITY_BLOCKERM`` |
734 |
* ``VERBOSITY_MAPPER`` |
735 |
* ``VERBOSITY_VLMC`` |
736 |
|
737 |
and the available values are: |
738 |
|
739 |
* 0 : Error only logging. |
740 |
* 1 : Warning logging. |
741 |
* 2 : Info logging. |
742 |
* 3 : Debug logging. WARNING: This options produces tons of output, but the |
743 |
logrotate daemon should take care of it. |
744 |
|
745 |
Working with Archipelago |
746 |
------------------------ |
747 |
|
748 |
``archipelago`` provides basic functionality for archipelago. |
749 |
|
750 |
Usage: |
751 |
|
752 |
.. code-block:: console |
753 |
|
754 |
$ archipelago [-u] command |
755 |
|
756 |
|
757 |
Currently it supports the following commands: |
758 |
|
759 |
* ``start [peer]`` |
760 |
Starts archipelago or the specified peer. |
761 |
* ``stop [peer]`` |
762 |
Stops archipelago or the specified peer. |
763 |
* ``restart [peer]`` |
764 |
Restarts archipelago or the specified peer. |
765 |
* ``status`` |
766 |
Show the status of archipelago. |
767 |
|
768 |
Available peers: ``blockerm``, ``blockerb``, ``mapperd``, ``vlmcd``. |
769 |
|
770 |
|
771 |
``start``, ``stop``, ``restart`` can be combined with the ``-u / --user`` option |
772 |
to affect only the userspace peers supporting archipelago. |
773 |
|
774 |
|
775 |
|
776 |
Archipelago advanced operations |
777 |
------------------------------- |
778 |
The ``vlmc`` tool provides a way to interact with archipelago volumes |
779 |
|
780 |
* ``vlmc map <volumename>``: maps the volume to a xsegbd device. |
781 |
|
782 |
* ``vlmc unmap </dev/xsegbd[1-..]>``: unmaps the specified device from the |
783 |
system. |
784 |
|
785 |
* ``vlmc create <volumename> --snap <snapname> --size <size>``: creates a new |
786 |
volume named <volumename> from snapshot name <snapname> with size <size>. |
787 |
The ``--snap`` and ``--size`` are optional, but at least one of them is |
788 |
mandatory. e.g: |
789 |
|
790 |
``vlmc create <volumename> --snap <snapname>`` creates a volume named |
791 |
volumename from snapshot snapname. The size of the volume is the same as |
792 |
the size of the snapshot. |
793 |
|
794 |
``vlmc create <volumename> --size <size>`` creates an empty volume of size |
795 |
<size> named <volumename>. |
796 |
|
797 |
* ``vlmc remove <volumename>``: removes the volume and all the related |
798 |
archipelago blocks from storage. |
799 |
|
800 |
* ``vlmc list``: provides a list of archipelago volumes. Currently only works |
801 |
with RADOS storage backend. |
802 |
|
803 |
* ``vlmc info <volumename>``: shows volume information. Currently returns only |
804 |
volume size. |
805 |
|
806 |
* ``vlmc open <volumename>``: opens an archipelago volume. That is, taking all |
807 |
the necessary locks and also make the rest of the infrastructure aware of the |
808 |
operation. |
809 |
|
810 |
This operation succeeds if the volume is alread opened. |
811 |
|
812 |
* ``vlmc close <volumename>``: closes an archipelago volume. That is, performing |
813 |
all the necessary functions in the insfrastrure to successfully release the |
814 |
volume. Also releases all the acquired locks. |
815 |
|
816 |
``vlmc close`` should be performed after a ``vlmc open`` operation. |
817 |
|
818 |
* ``vlmc lock <volumename>``: locks a volume. This step allow the administrator |
819 |
to lock an archipelago volume, independently from the rest of the |
820 |
infrastrure. |
821 |
|
822 |
* ``vlmc unlock [-f] <volumename>``: unlocks a volume. This allow the |
823 |
administrator to unlock a volume, independently from the rest of the |
824 |
infrastructure. |
825 |
The unlock option can be performed only by the blocker that acquired the lock |
826 |
in the first place. To unlock a volume from another blocker, ``-f`` option |
827 |
must be used to break the lock. |
828 |
|
829 |
|
830 |
The "kamaki" API client |
831 |
======================= |
832 |
|
833 |
To upload, register or modify an image you will need the **kamaki** tool. |
834 |
Before proceeding make sure that it is configured properly. Verify that |
835 |
*image.url*, *file.url*, *user.url* and *token* are set as needed: |
836 |
|
837 |
.. code-block:: console |
838 |
|
839 |
$ kamaki config list |
840 |
|
841 |
To chage a setting use ``kamaki config set``: |
842 |
|
843 |
.. code-block:: console |
844 |
|
845 |
$ kamaki config set image.url https://cyclades.example.com/plankton |
846 |
$ kamaki config set file.url https://pithos.example.com/v1 |
847 |
$ kamaki config set user.url https://accounts.example.com |
848 |
$ kamaki config set token ... |
849 |
|
850 |
To test that everything works, try authenticating the current account with |
851 |
kamaki: |
852 |
|
853 |
.. code-block:: console |
854 |
|
855 |
$ kamaki user authenticate |
856 |
|
857 |
This will output user information. |
858 |
|
859 |
Upload Image |
860 |
------------ |
861 |
|
862 |
By convention, images are stored in a container called ``images``. Check if the |
863 |
container exists, by listing all containers in your account: |
864 |
|
865 |
.. code-block:: console |
866 |
|
867 |
$ kamaki file list |
868 |
|
869 |
If the container ``images`` does not exist, create it: |
870 |
|
871 |
.. code-block:: console |
872 |
|
873 |
$ kamaki file create images |
874 |
|
875 |
You are now ready to upload an image to container ``images``. You can upload it |
876 |
with a Pithos+ client, or use kamaki directly: |
877 |
|
878 |
.. code-block:: console |
879 |
|
880 |
$ kamaki file upload ubuntu.iso images |
881 |
|
882 |
You can use any Pithos+ client to verify that the image was uploaded correctly, |
883 |
or you can list the contents of the container with kamaki: |
884 |
|
885 |
.. code-block:: console |
886 |
|
887 |
$ kamaki file list images |
888 |
|
889 |
The full Pithos URL for the previous example will be |
890 |
``pithos://u53r-un1qu3-1d/images/ubuntu.iso`` where ``u53r-un1qu3-1d`` is the |
891 |
unique user id (uuid). |
892 |
|
893 |
Register Image |
894 |
-------------- |
895 |
|
896 |
To register an image you will need to use the full Pithos+ URL. To register as |
897 |
a public image the one from the previous example use: |
898 |
|
899 |
.. code-block:: console |
900 |
|
901 |
$ kamaki image register Ubuntu pithos://u53r-un1qu3-1d/images/ubuntu.iso --public |
902 |
|
903 |
The ``--public`` flag is important, if missing the registered image will not |
904 |
be listed by ``kamaki image list``. |
905 |
|
906 |
Use ``kamaki image register`` with no arguments to see a list of available |
907 |
options. A more complete example would be the following: |
908 |
|
909 |
.. code-block:: console |
910 |
|
911 |
$ kamaki image register Ubuntu pithos://u53r-un1qu3-1d/images/ubuntu.iso \ |
912 |
--public --disk-format diskdump --property kernel=3.1.2 |
913 |
|
914 |
To verify that the image was registered successfully use: |
915 |
|
916 |
.. code-block:: console |
917 |
|
918 |
$ kamaki image list --name-like=ubuntu |
919 |
|
920 |
|
921 |
Miscellaneous |
922 |
============= |
923 |
|
924 |
.. RabbitMQ |
925 |
|
926 |
RabbitMQ Broker |
927 |
--------------- |
928 |
|
929 |
Queue nodes run the RabbitMQ sofware, which provides AMQP functionality. To |
930 |
guarantee high-availability, more than one Queue nodes should be deployed, each |
931 |
of them belonging to the same `RabbitMQ cluster |
932 |
<http://www.rabbitmq.com/clustering.html>`_. Synnefo uses the RabbitMQ |
933 |
active/active `High Available Queues <http://www.rabbitmq.com/ha.html>`_ which |
934 |
are mirrored between two nodes within a RabbitMQ cluster. |
935 |
|
936 |
The RabbitMQ nodes that form the cluster, are declared to Synnefo through the |
937 |
`AMQP_HOSTS` setting. Each time a Synnefo component needs to connect to |
938 |
RabbitMQ, one of these nodes is chosen in a random way. The client that Synnefo |
939 |
uses to connect to RabbitMQ, handles connection failures transparently and |
940 |
tries to reconnect to a different node. As long as one of these nodes are up |
941 |
and running, functionality of Synnefo should not be downgraded by the RabbitMQ |
942 |
node failures. |
943 |
|
944 |
All the queues that are being used are declared as durable, meaning that |
945 |
messages are persistently stored to RabbitMQ, until they get successfully |
946 |
processed by a client. |
947 |
|
948 |
Currently, RabbitMQ is used by the following components: |
949 |
|
950 |
* `snf-ganeti-eventd`, `snf-ganeti-hook` and `snf-progress-monitor`: |
951 |
These components send messages concerning the status and progress of |
952 |
jobs in the Ganeti backend. |
953 |
* `snf-dispatcher`: This daemon, consumes the messages that are sent from |
954 |
the above components, and updates the Cyclades DB accordingly. |
955 |
|
956 |
|
957 |
Installation |
958 |
~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
959 |
|
960 |
Please check the RabbitMQ documentation which covers extensively the |
961 |
`installation of RabbitMQ server <http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html>`_ and |
962 |
the setup of a `RabbitMQ cluster <http://www.rabbitmq.com/clustering.html>`_. |
963 |
Also, check out the `web management plugin |
964 |
<http://www.rabbitmq.com/management.html>`_ that can be useful for managing and |
965 |
monitoring RabbitMQ. |
966 |
|
967 |
For a basic installation of RabbitMQ on two nodes (node1 and node2) you can do |
968 |
the following: |
969 |
|
970 |
On both nodes, install rabbitmq-server and create a Synnefo user: |
971 |
|
972 |
.. code-block:: console |
973 |
|
974 |
$ apt-get install rabbitmq-server |
975 |
$ rabbitmqctl add_user synnefo "example_pass" |
976 |
$ rabbitmqctl set_permissions synnefo ".*" ".*" ".*" |
977 |
|
978 |
Also guarantee that both nodes share the same cookie, by running: |
979 |
|
980 |
.. code-block:: console |
981 |
|
982 |
$ scp node1:/var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie node2:/var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie |
983 |
|
984 |
and restart the nodes: |
985 |
|
986 |
.. code-block:: console |
987 |
|
988 |
$ /etc/init.d/rabbitmq-server restart |
989 |
|
990 |
|
991 |
To setup the RabbitMQ cluster run: |
992 |
|
993 |
.. code-block:: console |
994 |
|
995 |
root@node2: rabbitmqctl stop_app |
996 |
root@node2: rabbitmqctl reset |
997 |
root@node2: rabbitmqctl cluster rabbit@node1 rabbit@node2 |
998 |
root@node2: rabbitmqctl start_app |
999 |
|
1000 |
You can verify that the cluster is set up correctly by running: |
1001 |
|
1002 |
.. code-block:: console |
1003 |
|
1004 |
root@node2: rabbitmqctl cluster_status |
1005 |
|
1006 |
|
1007 |
|
1008 |
|
1009 |
|
1010 |
Admin tool: snf-manage |
1011 |
---------------------- |
1012 |
|
1013 |
``snf-manage`` is a tool used to perform various administrative tasks. It needs |
1014 |
to be able to access the django database, so the following should be able to |
1015 |
import the Django settings. |
1016 |
|
1017 |
Additionally, administrative tasks can be performed via the admin web interface |
1018 |
located in /admin. Only users of type ADMIN can access the admin pages. To |
1019 |
change the type of a user to ADMIN, snf-manage can be used: |
1020 |
|
1021 |
.. code-block:: console |
1022 |
|
1023 |
$ snf-manage user-modify 42 --type ADMIN |
1024 |
|
1025 |
Logging |
1026 |
------- |
1027 |
|
1028 |
Logging in Synnefo is using Python's logging module. The module is configured |
1029 |
using dictionary configuration, whose format is described here: |
1030 |
|
1031 |
http://docs.python.org/release/2.7.1/library/logging.html#logging-config-dictschema |
1032 |
|
1033 |
Note that this is a feature of Python 2.7 that we have backported for use in |
1034 |
Python 2.6. |
1035 |
|
1036 |
The logging configuration dictionary is defined in |
1037 |
``/etc/synnefo/10-snf-webproject-logging.conf`` |
1038 |
|
1039 |
The administrator can have finer logging control by modifying the |
1040 |
``LOGGING_SETUP`` dictionary, and defining subloggers with different handlers |
1041 |
and log levels. e.g. To enable debug messages only for the API set the level |
1042 |
of 'synnefo.api' to ``DEBUG`` |
1043 |
|
1044 |
By default, the Django webapp and snf-manage logs to syslog, while |
1045 |
`snf-dispatcher` logs to `/var/log/synnefo/dispatcher.log`. |
1046 |
|
1047 |
|
1048 |
.. _scale-up: |
1049 |
|
1050 |
Scaling up to multiple nodes |
1051 |
============================ |
1052 |
|
1053 |
Here we will describe how should a large scale Synnefo deployment look like. Make |
1054 |
sure you are familiar with Synnefo and Ganeti before proceeding with this section. |
1055 |
This means you should at least have already set up successfully a working Synnefo |
1056 |
deployment as described in the :ref:`Admin's Quick Installation Guide |
1057 |
<quick-install-admin-guide>` and also read the Administrator's Guide until this |
1058 |
section. |
1059 |
|
1060 |
Graph of a scale-out Synnefo deployment |
1061 |
--------------------------------------- |
1062 |
|
1063 |
Each box in the following graph corresponds to a distinct physical node: |
1064 |
|
1065 |
.. image:: images/synnefo-arch2-roles.png |
1066 |
:width: 100% |
1067 |
:target: _images/synnefo-arch2-roles.png |
1068 |
|
1069 |
The above graph is actually the same with the one at the beginning of this |
1070 |
:ref:`guide <admin-guide>`, with the only difference that here we show the |
1071 |
Synnefo roles of each physical node. These roles are described in the |
1072 |
following section. |
1073 |
|
1074 |
.. _physical-node-roles: |
1075 |
|
1076 |
Physical Node roles |
1077 |
------------------- |
1078 |
|
1079 |
As appears in the previous graph, a scale-out Synnefo deployment consists of |
1080 |
multiple physical nodes that have the following roles: |
1081 |
|
1082 |
* **WEBSERVER**: A web server running in front of gunicorn (e.g.: Apache, nginx) |
1083 |
* **ASTAKOS**: The Astakos application (gunicorn) |
1084 |
* **ASTAKOS_DB**: The Astakos database (postgresql) |
1085 |
* **PITHOS**: The Pithos application (gunicorn) |
1086 |
* **PITHOS_DB**: The Pithos database (postgresql) |
1087 |
* **CYCLADES**: The Cyclades application (gunicorn) |
1088 |
* **CYCLADES_DB**: The Cyclades database (postgresql) |
1089 |
* **MQ**: The message queue (RabbitMQ) |
1090 |
* **GANETI_MASTER**: The Ganeti master of a Ganeti cluster |
1091 |
* **GANETI_NODE** : A VM-capable Ganeti node of a Ganeti cluster |
1092 |
|
1093 |
You will probably also have: |
1094 |
|
1095 |
* **CMS**: The CMS used as a frotend portal for the Synnefo services |
1096 |
* **NS**: A nameserver serving all other Synnefo nodes and resolving Synnefo FQDNs |
1097 |
* **CLIENT**: A machine that runs the Synnefo clients (e.g.: kamaki, Web UI), |
1098 |
most of the times, the end user's local machine |
1099 |
|
1100 |
From this point we will also refer to the following groups of roles: |
1101 |
|
1102 |
* **SYNNEFO**: [ **ASTAKOS**, **ASTAKOS_DB**, **PITHOS**, **PITHOS_DB**, **CYCLADES**, **CYCLADES_DB**, **MQ**, **CMS**] |
1103 |
* **G_BACKEND**: [**GANETI_MASTER**, **GANETI_NODE**] |
1104 |
|
1105 |
Of course, when deploying Synnefo you can combine multiple of the above roles on a |
1106 |
single physical node, but if you are trying to scale out, the above separation |
1107 |
gives you significant advantages. |
1108 |
|
1109 |
So, in the next section we will take a look on what components you will have to |
1110 |
install on each physical node depending on its Synnefo role. We assume the graph's |
1111 |
architecture. |
1112 |
|
1113 |
Components for each role |
1114 |
------------------------ |
1115 |
|
1116 |
When deploying Synnefo in large scale, you need to install different Synnefo |
1117 |
or/and third party components on different physical nodes according to their |
1118 |
Synnefo role, as stated in the previous section. |
1119 |
|
1120 |
Specifically: |
1121 |
|
1122 |
Role **WEBSERVER** |
1123 |
* Synnefo components: `None` |
1124 |
* 3rd party components: Apache |
1125 |
Role **ASTAKOS** |
1126 |
* Synnefo components: `snf-webproject`, `snf-astakos-app` |
1127 |
* 3rd party components: Django, Gunicorn |
1128 |
Role **ASTAKOS_DB** |
1129 |
* Synnefo components: `None` |
1130 |
* 3rd party components: PostgreSQL |
1131 |
Role **PITHOS** |
1132 |
* Synnefo components: `snf-webproject`, `snf-pithos-app`, `snf-pithos-webclient` |
1133 |
* 3rd party components: Django, Gunicorn |
1134 |
Role **PITHOS_DB** |
1135 |
* Synnefo components: `None` |
1136 |
* 3rd party components: PostgreSQL |
1137 |
Role **CYCLADES** |
1138 |
* Synnefo components: `snf-webproject`, `snf-cyclades-app`, `snf-vncauthproxy` |
1139 |
* 3rd party components: Django Gunicorn |
1140 |
Role **CYCLADES_DB** |
1141 |
* Synnefo components: `None` |
1142 |
* 3rd party components: PostgreSQL |
1143 |
Role **MQ** |
1144 |
* Synnefo components: `None` |
1145 |
* 3rd party components: RabbitMQ |
1146 |
Role **GANETI_MASTER** |
1147 |
* Synnefo components: `snf-cyclades-gtools` |
1148 |
* 3rd party components: Ganeti |
1149 |
Role **GANETI_NODE** |
1150 |
* Synnefo components: `snf-cyclades-gtools`, `snf-network`, `snf-image`, `nfdhcpd` |
1151 |
* 3rd party components: Ganeti |
1152 |
Role **CMS** |
1153 |
* Synnefo components: `snf-webproject`, `snf-cloudcms` |
1154 |
* 3rd party components: Django, Gunicorn |
1155 |
Role **NS** |
1156 |
* Synnefo components: `None` |
1157 |
* 3rd party components: BIND |
1158 |
Role **CLIENT** |
1159 |
* Synnefo components: `kamaki`, `snf-image-creator` |
1160 |
* 3rd party components: `None` |
1161 |
|
1162 |
Example scale out installation |
1163 |
------------------------------ |
1164 |
|
1165 |
In this section we describe an example of a medium scale installation which |
1166 |
combines multiple roles on 10 different physical nodes. We also provide a |
1167 |
:ref:`guide <i-synnefo>` to help with such an install. |
1168 |
|
1169 |
We assume that we have the following 10 physical nodes with the corresponding |
1170 |
roles: |
1171 |
|
1172 |
Node1: |
1173 |
**WEBSERVER**, **ASTAKOS** |
1174 |
Guide sections: |
1175 |
* :ref:`apt <i-apt>` |
1176 |
* :ref:`gunicorn <i-gunicorn>` |
1177 |
* :ref:`apache <i-apache>` |
1178 |
* :ref:`snf-webproject <i-webproject>` |
1179 |
* :ref:`snf-astakos-app <i-astakos>` |
1180 |
Node2: |
1181 |
**WEBSERVER**, **PITHOS** |
1182 |
Guide sections: |
1183 |
* :ref:`apt <i-apt>` |
1184 |
* :ref:`gunicorn <i-gunicorn>` |
1185 |
* :ref:`apache <i-apache>` |
1186 |
* :ref:`snf-webproject <i-webproject>` |
1187 |
* :ref:`snf-pithos-app <i-pithos>` |
1188 |
* :ref:`snf-pithos-webclient <i-pithos>` |
1189 |
Node3: |
1190 |
**WEBSERVER**, **CYCLADES** |
1191 |
Guide sections: |
1192 |
* :ref:`apt <i-apt>` |
1193 |
* :ref:`gunicorn <i-gunicorn>` |
1194 |
* :ref:`apache <i-apache>` |
1195 |
* :ref:`snf-webproject <i-webproject>` |
1196 |
* :ref:`snf-cyclades-app <i-cyclades>` |
1197 |
* :ref:`snf-vncauthproxy <i-cyclades>` |
1198 |
Node4: |
1199 |
**WEBSERVER**, **CMS** |
1200 |
Guide sections: |
1201 |
* :ref:`apt <i-apt>` |
1202 |
* :ref:`gunicorn <i-gunicorn>` |
1203 |
* :ref:`apache <i-apache>` |
1204 |
* :ref:`snf-webproject <i-webproject>` |
1205 |
* :ref:`snf-cloudcms <i-cms>` |
1206 |
Node5: |
1207 |
**ASTAKOS_DB**, **PITHOS_DB**, **CYCLADES_DB** |
1208 |
Guide sections: |
1209 |
* :ref:`apt <i-apt>` |
1210 |
* :ref:`postgresql <i-db>` |
1211 |
Node6: |
1212 |
**MQ** |
1213 |
Guide sections: |
1214 |
* :ref:`apt <i-apt>` |
1215 |
* :ref:`rabbitmq <i-mq>` |
1216 |
Node7: |
1217 |
**GANETI_MASTER**, **GANETI_NODE** |
1218 |
Guide sections: |
1219 |
* :ref:`apt <i-apt>` |
1220 |
* :ref:`general <i-backends>` |
1221 |
* :ref:`ganeti <i-ganeti>` |
1222 |
* :ref:`snf-cyclades-gtools <i-gtools>` |
1223 |
* :ref:`snf-network <i-network>` |
1224 |
* :ref:`snf-image <i-image>` |
1225 |
* :ref:`nfdhcpd <i-network>` |
1226 |
Node8: |
1227 |
**GANETI_NODE** |
1228 |
Guide sections: |
1229 |
* :ref:`apt <i-apt>` |
1230 |
* :ref:`general <i-backends>` |
1231 |
* :ref:`ganeti <i-ganeti>` |
1232 |
* :ref:`snf-cyclades-gtools <i-gtools>` |
1233 |
* :ref:`snf-network <i-network>` |
1234 |
* :ref:`snf-image <i-image>` |
1235 |
* :ref:`nfdhcpd <i-network>` |
1236 |
Node9: |
1237 |
**GANETI_NODE** |
1238 |
Guide sections: |
1239 |
`Same as Node8` |
1240 |
Node10: |
1241 |
**GANETI_NODE** |
1242 |
Guide sections: |
1243 |
`Same as Node8` |
1244 |
|
1245 |
All sections: :ref:`Scale out Guide <i-synnefo>` |
1246 |
|
1247 |
|
1248 |
Upgrade Notes |
1249 |
============= |
1250 |
|
1251 |
.. toctree:: |
1252 |
:maxdepth: 1 |
1253 |
|
1254 |
v0.12 -> v0.13 <upgrade/upgrade-0.13> |
1255 |
|
1256 |
|
1257 |
Changelog, NEWS |
1258 |
=============== |
1259 |
|
1260 |
* v0.13 :ref:`Changelog <Changelog-0.13>`, :ref:`NEWS <NEWS-0.13>` |