Improvements to the master startup checks

Improvements to the master startup checks

In order to account for future improvements to master failover, we move
the actual data gathering capabilities from ganeti-masterd into
bootstrap.py, and we leave only the verification into masterd.

The verification procedure is then changed to retry multiple times (up
to one minute) in case most nodes do not respond, and also the algorithm
is changed to require at least half (but not half+1) votes, since our
vote also should count (and we vote for ourselves).

Example for consistent (config-wise) cluster:
  - 5 node cluster, 2 nodes down: still start
  - 4 node cluster, 2 nodes down: retry for one minute, abort

Reviewed-by: ultrotter