Archipelago » qemu

HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi

HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and

HXCOMM discarded from C version

HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help) is used to construct

HXCOMM option structures, enums and help message.

HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C

DEFHEADING(Standard options:)

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h,

    "-h or -help     display this help and exit\n")

STEXI

@item -h

@findex -h

Display help and exit

ETEXI

DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version,

    "-version        display version information and exit\n")

STEXI

@item -version

@findex -version

Display version information and exit

ETEXI

DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M,

    "-M machine      select emulated machine (-M ? for list)\n")

STEXI

@item -M @var{machine}

@findex -M

Select the emulated @var{machine} (@code{-M ?} for list)

ETEXI

DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu,

    "-cpu cpu        select CPU (-cpu ? for list)\n")

STEXI

@item -cpu @var{model}

@findex -cpu

Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection)

ETEXI

DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp,

    "-smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n"

    "                set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n"

    "                maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including\n"

    "                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n"

    "                cores= number of CPU cores on one socket\n"

    "                threads= number of threads on one CPU core\n"

    "                sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system\n")

STEXI

@item -smp @var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}]

@findex -smp

Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255

CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs

to 4.

For the PC target, the number of @var{cores} per socket, the number

of @var{threads} per cores and the total number of @var{sockets} can be

specified. Missing values will be computed. If any on the three values is

given, the total number of CPUs @var{n} can be omitted. @var{maxcpus}

specifies the maximum number of hotpluggable CPUs.

ETEXI

DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa,

    "-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n")

STEXI

@item -numa @var{opts}

@findex -numa

Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If mem and cpus are omitted, resources

are split equally.

ETEXI

DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,

    "-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n")

DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "")

STEXI

@item -fda @var{file}

@item -fdb @var{file}

@findex -fda

@findex -fdb

Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can

use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).

ETEXI

DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,

    "-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n")

DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "")

DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,

    "-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n")

DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "")

STEXI

@item -hda @var{file}

@item -hdb @var{file}

@item -hdc @var{file}

@item -hdd @var{file}

@findex -hda

@findex -hdb

@findex -hdc

@findex -hdd

Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).

ETEXI

DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,

    "-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n")

STEXI

@item -cdrom @var{file}

@findex -cdrom

Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and

@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by

using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).

ETEXI

DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,

    "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"

    "       [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"

    "       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none][,format=f][,serial=s]\n"

    "       [,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native][,readonly=on|off]\n"

    "                use 'file' as a drive image\n")

STEXI

@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]

@findex -drive

Define a new drive. Valid options are:

@table @option

@item file=@var{file}

This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with

this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it

(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").

@item if=@var{interface}

This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.

Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.

@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}

These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and

the unit id.

@item index=@var{index}

This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list

of available connectors of a given interface type.

@item media=@var{media}

This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.

@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]

These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.

@item snapshot=@var{snapshot}

@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}).

@item cache=@var{cache}

@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.

@item aio=@var{aio}

@var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO.

@item format=@var{format}

Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting

the format.  Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting

an untrusted format header.

@item serial=@var{serial}

This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.

@item addr=@var{addr}

Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only).

@end table

By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device.  This means that

the host page cache will be used to read and write data but write notification

will be sent to the guest only when the data has been reported as written by

the storage subsystem.

Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as the data is

present in the host page cache.  This is safe as long as you trust your host.

If your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience data

corruption.  When using the @option{-snapshot} option, writeback caching is

used by default.

The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}.  This will

attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory.  QEMU may still perform

an internal copy of the data.

Some block drivers perform badly with @option{cache=writethrough}, most notably,

qcow2.  If performance is more important than correctness,

@option{cache=writeback} should be used with qcow2.

Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:

@example

qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom

@end example

Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can

use:

@example

qemu -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk

qemu -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk

qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk

qemu -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk

@end example

You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:

@example

qemu -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom

@end example

If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:

@example

qemu -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom

@end example

You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:

@example

qemu -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6

@end example

Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:

@example

qemu -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy

qemu -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy

@end example

By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically

incremented:

@example

qemu -drive file=a -drive file=b"

@end example

is interpreted like:

@example

qemu -hda a -hdb b

@end example

ETEXI

DEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set,

    "-set group.id.arg=value\n"

    "                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n"

    "                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n")

STEXI

@item -set

@findex -set

TODO

ETEXI

DEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global,

    "-global driver.property=value\n"

    "                set a global default for a driver property\n")

STEXI

@item -global

@findex -global

TODO

ETEXI

DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,

    "-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n")

STEXI

@item -mtdblock @var{file}

@findex -mtdblock

Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image.

ETEXI

DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,

    "-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n")

STEXI

@item -sd @var{file}

@findex -sd

Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image.

ETEXI

DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,

    "-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n")

STEXI

@item -pflash @var{file}

@findex -pflash

Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image.

ETEXI

DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot,

    "-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n"

    "                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n")

STEXI

@item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off]

@findex -boot

Specify boot order @var{drives} as a string of drive letters. Valid

drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b

(floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherboot

from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. To apply a

particular boot order only on the first startup, specify it via

@option{once}.

Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via @option{menu=on} as far

as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot.

@example

# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk

qemu -boot order=nc

# boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot

qemu -boot once=d

@end example

Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its

use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions.

ETEXI

DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,

    "-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n")

STEXI

@item -snapshot

@findex -snapshot

Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,

the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force

the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).

ETEXI

DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m,

    "-m megs         set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default="

    stringify(DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE) "]\n")

STEXI

@item -m @var{megs}

@findex -m

Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB.  Optionally,

a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or

gigabytes respectively.

ETEXI

DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k,

    "-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n")

STEXI

@item -k @var{language}

@findex -k

Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for

French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC

keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC

display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows

hosts.

The available layouts are:

@example

ar  de-ch  es  fo     fr-ca  hu  ja  mk     no  pt-br  sv

da  en-gb  et  fr     fr-ch  is  lt  nl     pl  ru     th

de  en-us  fi  fr-be  hr     it  lv  nl-be  pt  sl     tr

@end example

The default is @code{en-us}.

ETEXI

#ifdef HAS_AUDIO

DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help,

    "-audio-help     print list of audio drivers and their options\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -audio-help

@findex -audio-help

Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable

parameters.

ETEXI

#ifdef HAS_AUDIO

DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw,

    "-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n"

    "                and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n"

    "                use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards\n"

    "                use -soundhw all to enable all of them\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all

@findex -soundhw

Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all

available sound hardware.

@example

qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img

qemu -soundhw es1370 disk.img

qemu -soundhw ac97 disk.img

qemu -soundhw all disk.img

qemu -soundhw ?

@end example

Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might

require manually specifying clocking.

@example

modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000

@end example

ETEXI

STEXI

@end table

ETEXI

DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,

    "-usb            enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n")

STEXI

USB options:

@table @option

@item -usb

@findex -usb

Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)

ETEXI

DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,

    "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n")

STEXI

@item -usbdevice @var{devname}

@findex -usbdevice

Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.

@table @option

@item mouse

Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.

@item tablet

Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This

means qemu is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the

mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.

@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file}

Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument

will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy

@code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.

@item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr}

Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only).

@item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}

Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}

(Linux only).

@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}

Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the

available devices.

@item braille

Braille device.  This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real

or fake device.

@item net:@var{options}

Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.

@end table

ETEXI

DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device,

    "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"

    "                add device (based on driver)\n"

    "                prop=value,... sets driver properties\n"

    "                use -device ? to print all possible drivers\n"

    "                use -device driver,? to print all possible options\n"

    "                use -device driver,option=? to print a help for value\n")

STEXI

@item -device @var{driver}[,@var{option}[=@var{value}][,...]]

@findex -device

Add device @var{driver}. Depending on the device type,

@var{option} (with default or given @var{value}) may be useful.

To get a help on possible @var{driver}s, @var{option}s or @var{value}s, use

@code{-device ?},

@code{-device @var{driver},?} or

@code{-device @var{driver},@var{option}=?}. 

ETEXI

DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,

    "-name string1[,process=string2]\n"

    "                set the name of the guest\n"

    "                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n")

STEXI

@item -name @var{name}

@findex -name

Sets the @var{name} of the guest.

This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.

The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.

Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux.

ETEXI

DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,

    "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n"

    "                specify machine UUID\n")

STEXI

@item -uuid @var{uuid}

@findex -uuid

Set system UUID.

ETEXI

STEXI

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Display options:)

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic,

    "-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n")

STEXI

@item -nographic

@findex -nographic

Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,

you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple

command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on

the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel

with a serial console.

ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_CURSES

DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses,

    "-curses         use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -curses

@findex curses

Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output.  With this option,

QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a

curses/ncurses interface.  Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.

ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL

DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame,

    "-no-frame       open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -no-frame

@findex -no-frame

Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole

available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop

workspace more convenient.

ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL

DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab,

    "-alt-grab       use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -alt-grab

@findex -alt-grab

Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt).

ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL

DEF("ctrl-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab,

    "-ctrl-grab      use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -ctrl-grab

@findex -ctrl-grab

Use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt).

ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL

DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit,

    "-no-quit        disable SDL window close capability\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -no-quit

@findex -no-quit

Disable SDL window close capability.

ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL

DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl,

    "-sdl            enable SDL\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -sdl

@findex -sdl

Enable SDL.

ETEXI

DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait,

    "-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n")

STEXI

@item -portrait

@findex -portrait

Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD).

ETEXI

DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga,

    "-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|xenfb|none]\n"

    "                select video card type\n")

STEXI

@item -vga @var{type}

@findex -vga

Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are

@table @option

@item cirrus

Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from

Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal

performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS.

(This one is the default)

@item std

Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions.  If your guest OS

supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want

to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use

this option.

@item vmware

VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently

recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this

card.

@item none

Disable VGA card.

@end table

ETEXI

DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen,

    "-full-screen    start in full screen\n")

STEXI

@item -full-screen

@findex -full-screen

Start in full screen.

ETEXI

#if defined(TARGET_PPC) || defined(TARGET_SPARC)

DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g ,

    "-g WxH[xDEPTH]  Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -g @var{width}x@var{height}[x@var{depth}]

@findex -g

Set the initial graphical resolution and depth (PPC, SPARC only).

ETEXI

DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc ,

    "-vnc display    start a VNC server on display\n")

STEXI

@item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]

@findex -vnc

Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output.  With this option,

you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA

display over the VNC session.  It is very useful to enable the usb

tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice

tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k}

parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid

syntax for the @var{display} is

@table @option

@item @var{host}:@var{d}

TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}.

By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can

be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host.

@item unix:@var{path}

Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the

location of a unix socket to listen for connections on.

@item none

VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command

can be used to later start the VNC server.

@end table

Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags

separated by commas. Valid options are

@table @option

@item reverse

Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The

client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network

connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument

is a TCP port number, not a display number.

@item password

Require that password based authentication is used for client connections.

The password must be set separately using the @code{change} command in the

@ref{pcsys_monitor}

@item tls

Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This

uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle

attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the

@option{x509} or @option{x509verify} options.

@item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}

Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used

for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate

to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server

to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following

this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from.

See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates.

@item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}

Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used

for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate

to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate.

The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate,

and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is

trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish

to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The

path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to

be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating

certificates.

@item sasl

Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server.

The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the

system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This

is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an

unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used

to make it search alternate locations for the service config.

While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI),

it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and

'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This

ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication

credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using

SASL authentication.

@item acl

Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate

and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the

certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like

@code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is

made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may

include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}.

When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be

empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to

use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be

achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command.

@end table

ETEXI

STEXI

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEFHEADING(i386 target only:)

#endif

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack,

    "-win2k-hack     use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -win2k-hack

@findex -win2k-hack

Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After

Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option

slows down the IDE transfers).

ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386

HXCOMM Deprecated by -rtc

DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack, "")

#endif

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk,

    "-no-fd-bootchk  disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -no-fd-bootchk

@findex -no-fd-bootchk

Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may

be needed to boot from old floppy disks.

TODO: check reference to Bochs BIOS.

ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi,

           "-no-acpi        disable ACPI\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -no-acpi

@findex -no-acpi

Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use

it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine

only).

ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet,

    "-no-hpet        disable HPET\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -no-hpet

@findex -no-hpet

Disable HPET support.

ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEF("balloon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_balloon,

    "-balloon none   disable balloon device\n"

    "-balloon virtio[,addr=str]\n"

    "                enable virtio balloon device (default)\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -balloon none

@findex -balloon

Disable balloon device.

@item -balloon virtio[,addr=@var{addr}]

Enable virtio balloon device (default), optionally with PCI address

@var{addr}.

ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable,

    "-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]\n"

    "                ACPI table description\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...]

@findex -acpitable

Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files.

ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios,

    "-smbios file=binary\n"

    "                load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n"

    "-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]\n"

    "                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n"

    "-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n"

    "              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n"

    "                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n")

#endif

STEXI

@item -smbios file=@var{binary}

@findex -smbios

Load SMBIOS entry from binary file.

@item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}]

@findex -smbios

Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields

@item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}][,family=@var{str}]

Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields

ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386

DEFHEADING()

#endif

STEXI

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING(Network options:)

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

HXCOMM Legacy slirp options (now moved to -net user):

#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP

DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, "")

DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, "")

DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, "")

#ifndef _WIN32

DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, "")

#endif

#endif

DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net,

    "-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n"

    "                create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n"

#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP

    "-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=y|n]\n"

    "         [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,tftp=dir][,bootfile=f]\n"

    "         [,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]"

#ifndef _WIN32

                                             "[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n"

#endif

    "                connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n', configure its\n"

    "                DHCP server and enabled optional services\n"

#endif

#ifdef _WIN32

    "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n"

    "                connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n"

#else

    "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off]\n"

    "                connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the\n"

    "                network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n"

    "                and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n"

    "                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution\n"

    "                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n"

    "                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n"

    "                default of 'sndbuf=1048576' can be disabled using 'sndbuf=0')\n"

    "                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n"

    "                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition\n"

#endif

    "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n"

    "                connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection\n"

    "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]\n"

    "                connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port\n"

#ifdef CONFIG_VDE

    "-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n"

    "                connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running\n"

    "                on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n"

    "                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n"

    "                ownership and permissions for communication port.\n"

#endif

    "-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n"

    "                dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n"

    "-net none       use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option\n"

    "                is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n")

DEF("netdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_netdev,

    "-netdev ["

#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP

    "user|"

#endif

    "tap|"

#ifdef CONFIG_VDE

    "vde|"

#endif

    "socket],id=str[,option][,option][,...]\n")

STEXI

@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}][,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}]

@findex -net

Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n}

= 0 is the default). The NIC is an e1000 by default on the PC

target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{mac}, the

device address set to @var{addr} (PCI cards only),

and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands.

Optionally, for PCI cards, you can specify the number @var{v} of MSI-X vectors

that the card should have; this option currently only affects virtio cards; set

@var{v} = 0 to disable MSI-X. If no @option{-net} option is specified, a single

NIC is created.  Qemu can emulate several different models of network card.

Valid values for @var{type} are

@code{virtio}, @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er},

@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139},

@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}.

Not all devices are supported on all targets.  Use -net nic,model=?

for a list of available devices for your target.

@item -net user[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...]

Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator

privilege to run. Valid options are:

@table @option

@item vlan=@var{n}

Connect user mode stack to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default).

@item name=@var{name}

Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands.

@item net=@var{addr}[/@var{mask}]

Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify the netmask,

either in the form a.b.c.d or as number of valid top-most bits. Default is

10.0.2.0/8.

@item host=@var{addr}

Specify the guest-visible address of the host. Default is the 2nd IP in the

guest network, i.e. x.x.x.2.

@item restrict=y|yes|n|no

If this options is enabled, the guest will be isolated, i.e. it will not be

able to contact the host and no guest IP packets will be routed over the host

to the outside. This option does not affect explicitly set forwarding rule.

@item hostname=@var{name}

Specifies the client hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server.

@item dhcpstart=@var{addr}

Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can assign. Default

is the 16th to 31st IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.16 to x.x.x.31.

@item dns=@var{addr}

Specify the guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver. The address must

be different from the host address. Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network,

i.e. x.x.x.3.

@item tftp=@var{dir}

When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP

server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server.

The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command

@code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client).

@item bootfile=@var{file}

When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP

filename. In conjunction with @option{tftp}, this can be used to network boot

a guest from a local directory.

Example (using pxelinux):

@example

qemu -hda linux.img -boot n -net user,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0

@end example

@item smb=@var{dir}[,smbserver=@var{addr}]

When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB

server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}}

transparently. The IP address of the SMB server can be set to @var{addr}. By

default the 4th IP in the guest network is used, i.e. x.x.x.4.

In the guest Windows OS, the line:

@example

10.0.2.4 smbserver

@end example

must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me)

or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000).

Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}.

Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in

@file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested successfully with smbd versions from

Red Hat 9, Fedora Core 3 and OpenSUSE 11.x.

@item hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[@var{hostaddr}]:@var{hostport}-[@var{guestaddr}]:@var{guestport}

Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port @var{hostport} to

the guest IP address @var{guestaddr} on guest port @var{guestport}. If

@var{guestaddr} is not specified, its value is x.x.x.15 (default first address

given by the built-in DHCP server). By specifying @var{hostaddr}, the rule can

be bound to a specific host interface. If no connection type is set, TCP is

used. This option can be given multiple times.

For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest

screen 0, use the following:

@example

# on the host

qemu -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 [...]

# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server

xterm -display :1

@end example

To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on

the guest, use the following:

@example

# on the host

qemu -net user,hostfwd=tcp:5555::23 [...]

telnet localhost 5555

@end example

Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you

connect to the guest telnet server.

@item guestfwd=[tcp]:@var{server}:@var{port}-@var{dev}

Forward guest TCP connections to the IP address @var{server} on port @var{port}

to the character device @var{dev}. This option can be given multiple times.

@end table

Note: Legacy stand-alone options -tftp, -bootp, -smb and -redir are still

processed and applied to -net user. Mixing them with the new configuration

syntax gives undefined results. Their use for new applications is discouraged

as they will be removed from future versions.

@item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}]

Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}, use

the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script

@var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS

automatically provides one. @option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify

the handle of an already opened host TAP interface. The default network

configure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network

deconfigure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no}

or @option{downscript=no} to disable script execution. Example:

@example

qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap

@end example

More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP device)

@example

qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \

               -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1

@end example

@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]

Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual

machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is

specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}

(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to

another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h}

specifies an already opened TCP socket.

Example:

@example

# launch a first QEMU instance

qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \

               -net socket,listen=:1234

# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0

# of the first instance

qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \

               -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234

@end example

@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}]

Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual

machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for

every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}.

NOTES:

@enumerate

@item

Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming

correct multicast setup for these hosts).

@item

mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see

@url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}.

@item

Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.

@end enumerate

Example:

@example

# launch one QEMU instance

qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \

               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234

# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"

qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \

               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234

# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"

qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \

               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234

@end example

Example (User Mode Linux compat.):

@example

# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected

# is UML's default)

qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \

               -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102

# launch UML

/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast

@end example

@item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]

Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and

listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname}

and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for

communication port. This option is available only if QEMU has been compiled

with vde support enabled.

Example:

@example

# launch vde switch

vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch

# launch QEMU instance

qemu linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch

@end example

@item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}]

Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default).

At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is

libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark.

@item -net none

Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to

override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which

is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided.

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Character device options:)

DEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev,

    "-chardev null,id=id\n"

    "-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=host[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay]\n"

    "         [,server][,nowait][,telnet] (tcp)\n"

    "-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet] (unix)\n"

    "-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]\n"

    "         [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6]\n"

    "-chardev msmouse,id=id\n"

    "-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n"

    "-chardev file,id=id,path=path\n"

    "-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path\n"

#ifdef _WIN32

    "-chardev console,id=id\n"

    "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path\n"

#else

    "-chardev pty,id=id\n"

    "-chardev stdio,id=id\n"

#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI

    "-chardev braille,id=id\n"

#endif

#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \

        || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)

    "-chardev tty,id=id,path=path\n"

#endif

#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)

    "-chardev parport,id=id,path=path\n"

#endif

)

STEXI

The general form of a character device option is:

@table @option

@item -chardev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,@var{options}]

@findex -chardev

Backend is one of:

@option{null},

@option{socket},

@option{udp},

@option{msmouse},

@option{vc},

@option{file},

@option{pipe},

@option{console},

@option{serial},

@option{pty},

@option{stdio},

@option{braille},

@option{tty},

@option{parport}.

The specific backend will determine the applicable options.

All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 characters long.

It is used to uniquely identify this device in other command line directives.

Options to each backend are described below.

@item -chardev null ,id=@var{id}

A void device. This device will not emit any data, and will drop any data it

receives. The null backend does not take any options.

@item -chardev socket ,id=@var{id} [@var{TCP options} or @var{unix options}] [,server] [,nowait] [,telnet]

Create a two-way stream socket, which can be either a TCP or a unix socket. A

unix socket will be created if @option{path} is specified. Behaviour is

undefined if TCP options are specified for a unix socket.

@option{server} specifies that the socket shall be a listening socket.

@option{nowait} specifies that QEMU should not block waiting for a client to

connect to a listening socket.

@option{telnet} specifies that traffic on the socket should interpret telnet

escape sequences.

TCP and unix socket options are given below:

@table @option

@item TCP options: port=@var{host} [,host=@var{host}] [,to=@var{to}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] [,nodelay]

@option{host} for a listening socket specifies the local address to be bound.

For a connecting socket species the remote host to connect to. @option{host} is

optional for listening sockets. If not specified it defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}.

@option{port} for a listening socket specifies the local port to be bound. For a

connecting socket specifies the port on the remote host to connect to.

@option{port} can be given as either a port number or a service name.

@option{port} is required.

@option{to} is only relevant to listening sockets. If it is specified, and

@option{port} cannot be bound, QEMU will attempt to bind to subsequent ports up

to and including @option{to} until it succeeds. @option{to} must be specified

as a port number.

@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used.

If neither is specified the socket may use either protocol.

@option{nodelay} disables the Nagle algorithm.

@item unix options: path=@var{path}

@option{path} specifies the local path of the unix socket. @option{path} is

required.

@end table

@item -chardev udp ,id=@var{id} [,host=@var{host}] ,port=@var{port} [,localaddr=@var{localaddr}] [,localport=@var{localport}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6]

Sends all traffic from the guest to a remote host over UDP.

@option{host} specifies the remote host to connect to. If not specified it

defaults to @code{localhost}.

@option{port} specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. @option{port}

is required.

@option{localaddr} specifies the local address to bind to. If not specified it

defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}.

@option{localport} specifies the local port to bind to. If not specified any

available local port will be used.

@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used.

If neither is specified the device may use either protocol.

@item -chardev msmouse ,id=@var{id}

Forward QEMU's emulated msmouse events to the guest. @option{msmouse} does not

take any options.

@item -chardev vc ,id=@var{id} [[,width=@var{width}] [,height=@var{height}]] [[,cols=@var{cols}] [,rows=@var{rows}]]

Connect to a QEMU text console. @option{vc} may optionally be given a specific

size.

@option{width} and @option{height} specify the width and height respectively of

the console, in pixels.

@option{cols} and @option{rows} specify that the console be sized to fit a text

console with the given dimensions.

@item -chardev file ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}

Log all traffic received from the guest to a file.

@option{path} specifies the path of the file to be opened. This file will be

created if it does not already exist, and overwritten if it does. @option{path}

is required.

@item -chardev pipe ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}

Create a two-way connection to the guest. The behaviour differs slightly between

Windows hosts and other hosts:

On Windows, a single duplex pipe will be created at

@file{\\.pipe\@option{path}}.

On other hosts, 2 pipes will be created called @file{@option{path}.in} and

@file{@option{path}.out}. Data written to @file{@option{path}.in} will be

received by the guest. Data written by the guest can be read from

@file{@option{path}.out}. QEMU will not create these fifos, and requires them to

be present.

@option{path} forms part of the pipe path as described above. @option{path} is

required.

@item -chardev console ,id=@var{id}

Send traffic from the guest to QEMU's standard output. @option{console} does not

take any options.

@option{console} is only available on Windows hosts.

@item -chardev serial ,id=@var{id} ,path=@option{path}

Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host.

@option{serial} is

only available on Windows hosts.

@option{path} specifies the name of the serial device to open.

@item -chardev pty ,id=@var{id}

Create a new pseudo-terminal on the host and connect to it. @option{pty} does

not take any options.

@option{pty} is not available on Windows hosts.

@item -chardev stdio ,id=@var{id}

Connect to standard input and standard output of the qemu process.

@option{stdio} does not take any options. @option{stdio} is not available on

Windows hosts.

@item -chardev braille ,id=@var{id}

Connect to a local BrlAPI server. @option{braille} does not take any options.

@item -chardev tty ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}

Connect to a local tty device.

@option{tty} is only available on Linux, Sun, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and

DragonFlyBSD hosts.

@option{path} specifies the path to the tty. @option{path} is required.

@item -chardev parport ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}

@option{parport} is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD hosts.

Connect to a local parallel port.

@option{path} specifies the path to the parallel port device. @option{path} is

required.

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Bluetooth(R) options:)

DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \

    "-bt hci,null    dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \

    "-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \

    "                use host's HCI with the given name\n" \

    "-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \

    "                emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \

    "-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \

    "                add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \

    "-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \

    "                emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n")

STEXI

@table @option

@item -bt hci[...]

@findex -bt

Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI.  -bt options

are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine type.  For

example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built into it, only

the first @code{-bt hci[...]} option is valid and defines the HCI's

logic.  The Transport Layer is decided by the machine type.  Currently

the machines @code{n800} and @code{n810} have one HCI and all other

machines have none.

@anchor{bt-hcis}

The following three types are recognized:

@table @option

@item -bt hci,null

(default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal logic

and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events.

@item -bt hci,host[:@var{id}]

(@code{bluez} only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events

to / from the physical HCI identified by the name @var{id} (default:

@code{hci0}) on the computer running QEMU.  Only available on @code{bluez}

capable systems like Linux.

@item -bt hci[,vlan=@var{n}]

Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the Bluetooth

scatternet @var{n} (default @code{0}).  Similarly to @option{-net}

VLANs, devices inside a bluetooth network @var{n} can only communicate

with other devices in the same network (scatternet).

@end table

@item -bt vhci[,vlan=@var{n}]

(Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet @var{n} (default 0) attached

to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target.  This

allows the host and target machines to participate in a common scatternet

and communicate.  Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed.  Can

be used as following:

@example

qemu [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5

@end example

@item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}]

Emulate a bluetooth device @var{dev} and place it in network @var{n}

(default @code{0}).  QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices

currently:

@table @option

@item keyboard

Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile.

@end table

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Linux/Multiboot boot specific:)

STEXI

When using these options, you can use a given Linux or Multiboot

kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful

for easier testing of various kernels.

@table @option

ETEXI

DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \

    "-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n")

STEXI

@item -kernel @var{bzImage}

@findex -kernel

Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. The kernel can be either a Linux kernel

or in multiboot format.

ETEXI

DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \

    "-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n")

STEXI

@item -append @var{cmdline}

@findex -append

Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line

ETEXI

DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \

           "-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk\n")

STEXI

@item -initrd @var{file}

@findex -initrd

Use @var{file} as initial ram disk.

@item -initrd "@var{file1} arg=foo,@var{file2}"

This syntax is only available with multiboot.

Use @var{file1} and @var{file2} as modules and pass arg=foo as parameter to the

first module.

ETEXI

STEXI

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:)

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \

    "-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n")

STEXI

@item -serial @var{dev}

@findex -serial

Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device

@var{dev}. The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and

@code{stdio} in non graphical mode.

This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial

ports.

Use @code{-serial none} to disable all serial ports.

Available character devices are:

@table @option

@item vc[:@var{W}x@var{H}]

Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in pixel with

@example

vc:800x600

@end example

It is also possible to specify width or height in characters:

@example

vc:80Cx24C

@end example

@item pty

[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)

@item none

No device is allocated.

@item null

void device

@item /dev/XXX

[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port

parameters are set according to the emulated ones.

@item /dev/parport@var{N}

[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port

@var{N}. Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used.

@item file:@var{filename}

Write output to @var{filename}. No character can be read.

@item stdio

[Unix only] standard input/output

@item pipe:@var{filename}

name pipe @var{filename}

@item COM@var{n}

[Windows only] Use host serial port @var{n}

@item udp:[@var{remote_host}]:@var{remote_port}[@@[@var{src_ip}]:@var{src_port}]

This implements UDP Net Console.

When @var{remote_host} or @var{src_ip} are not specified

they default to @code{0.0.0.0}.

When not using a specified @var{src_port} a random port is automatically chosen.

If you just want a simple readonly console you can use @code{netcat} or

@code{nc}, by starting qemu with: @code{-serial udp::4555} and nc as:

@code{nc -u -l -p 4555}. Any time qemu writes something to that port it

will appear in the netconsole session.

If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want to stop

and start qemu a lot of times, you should have qemu use the same

source port each time by using something like @code{-serial

udp::4555@@:4556} to qemu. Another approach is to use a patched

version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and receive

characters via udp.  If you have a patched version of netcat which

activates telnet remote echo and single char transfer, then you can

use the following options to step up a netcat redirector to allow

telnet on port 5555 to access the qemu port.

@table @code

@item Qemu Options:

-serial udp::4555@@:4556

@item netcat options:

-u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T

@item telnet options:

localhost 5555

@end table

@item tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,@var{server}][,nowait][,nodelay]

The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation.  It can send the serial