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\input texinfo @c -*- texinfo -*- |
---|---|
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|
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@iftex |
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@settitle QEMU CPU Emulator User Documentation |
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@titlepage |
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@sp 7 |
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@center @titlefont{QEMU CPU Emulator User Documentation} |
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@sp 3 |
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@end titlepage |
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@end iftex |
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|
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@chapter Introduction |
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|
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@section Features |
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|
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QEMU is a FAST! processor emulator using dynamic translation to |
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achieve good emulation speed. |
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|
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QEMU has two operating modes: |
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|
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@itemize @minus |
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|
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@item |
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Full system emulation. In this mode, QEMU emulates a full system (for |
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example a PC), including a processor and various peripherials. It can |
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be used to launch different Operating Systems without rebooting the |
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PC or to debug system code. |
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|
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@item |
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User mode emulation (Linux host only). In this mode, QEMU can launch |
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Linux processes compiled for one CPU on another CPU. It can be used to |
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launch the Wine Windows API emulator (@url{http://www.winehq.org}) or |
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to ease cross-compilation and cross-debugging. |
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|
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@end itemize |
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|
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As QEMU requires no host kernel driver to run, it is very safe and |
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easy to use. |
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|
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For system emulation, the following hardware targets are supported: |
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@itemize |
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@item PC (x86 processor) |
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@item PREP (PowerPC processor) |
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@end itemize |
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|
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For user emulation, x86, PowerPC, ARM, and SPARC CPUs are supported. |
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|
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@chapter Installation |
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|
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@section Linux |
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|
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If you want to compile QEMU, please read the @file{README} which gives |
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the related information. Otherwise just download the binary |
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distribution (@file{qemu-XXX-i386.tar.gz}) and untar it as root in |
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@file{/}: |
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|
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@example |
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su |
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cd / |
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tar zxvf /tmp/qemu-XXX-i386.tar.gz |
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@end example |
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|
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@section Windows |
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|
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@itemize |
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@item Install the current versions of MSYS and MinGW from |
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@url{http://www.mingw.org/}. You can find detailed installation |
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instructions in the download section and the FAQ. |
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|
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@item Download |
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the MinGW development library of SDL 1.2.x |
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(@file{SDL-devel-1.2.x-mingw32.tar.gz}) from |
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@url{http://www.libsdl.org}. Unpack it in a temporary place, and |
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unpack the archive @file{i386-mingw32msvc.tar.gz} in the MinGW tool |
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directory. Edit the @file{sdl-config} script so that it gives the |
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correct SDL directory when invoked. |
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|
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@item Extract the current version of QEMU. |
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|
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@item Start the MSYS shell (file @file{msys.bat}). |
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|
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@item Change to the QEMU directory. Launch @file{./configure} and |
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@file{make}. If you have problems using SDL, verify that |
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@file{sdl-config} can be launched from the MSYS command line. |
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|
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@item You can install QEMU in @file{Program Files/Qemu} by typing |
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@file{make install}. Don't forget to copy @file{SDL.dll} in |
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@file{Program Files/Qemu}. |
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|
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@end itemize |
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|
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@section Cross compilation for Windows with Linux |
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|
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@itemize |
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@item |
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Install the MinGW cross compilation tools available at |
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@url{http://www.mingw.org/}. |
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|
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@item |
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Install the Win32 version of SDL (@url{http://www.libsdl.org}) by |
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unpacking @file{i386-mingw32msvc.tar.gz}. Set up the PATH environment |
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variable so that @file{i386-mingw32msvc-sdl-config} can be launched by |
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the QEMU configuration script. |
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|
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@item |
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Configure QEMU for Windows cross compilation: |
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@example |
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./configure --enable-mingw32 |
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@end example |
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If necessary, you can change the cross-prefix according to the prefix |
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choosen for the MinGW tools with --cross-prefix. You can also use |
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--prefix to set the Win32 install path. |
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|
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@item You can install QEMU in the installation directory by typing |
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@file{make install}. Don't forget to copy @file{SDL.dll} in the |
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installation directory. |
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|
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@end itemize |
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|
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Note: Currently, Wine does not seem able to launch |
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QEMU for Win32. |
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|
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@section Mac OS X |
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|
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Mac OS X is currently not supported. |
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|
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@chapter QEMU PC System emulator invocation |
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|
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@section Introduction |
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|
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@c man begin DESCRIPTION |
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|
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The QEMU System emulator simulates a complete PC. |
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|
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In order to meet specific user needs, two versions of QEMU are |
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available: |
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|
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@enumerate |
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|
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@item |
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@code{qemu-fast} uses the host Memory Management Unit (MMU) to simulate |
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the x86 MMU. It is @emph{fast} but has limitations because the whole 4 GB |
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address space cannot be used and some memory mapped peripherials |
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cannot be emulated accurately yet. Therefore, a specific Linux kernel |
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must be used (@xref{linux_compile}). |
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|
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@item |
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@code{qemu} uses a software MMU. It is about @emph{two times |
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slower} but gives a more accurate emulation. |
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|
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@end enumerate |
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|
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QEMU emulates the following PC peripherials: |
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|
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@itemize @minus |
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@item |
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VGA (hardware level, including all non standard modes) |
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@item |
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PS/2 mouse and keyboard |
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@item |
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2 IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
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@item |
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Floppy disk |
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@item |
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up to 6 NE2000 network adapters |
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@item |
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Serial port |
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@item |
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Soundblaster 16 card |
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@end itemize |
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|
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@c man end |
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|
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@section Quick Start |
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|
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Download and uncompress the linux image (@file{linux.img}) and type: |
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|
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@example |
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qemu linux.img |
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@end example |
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|
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Linux should boot and give you a prompt. |
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|
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@section Invocation |
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|
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@example |
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@c man begin SYNOPSIS |
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usage: qemu [options] [disk_image] |
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@c man end |
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@end example |
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|
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@c man begin OPTIONS |
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@var{disk_image} is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0. |
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|
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General options: |
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@table @option |
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@item -fda file |
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@item -fdb file |
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Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@xref{disk_images}). You can |
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use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename. |
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|
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@item -hda file |
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@item -hdb file |
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@item -hdc file |
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@item -hdd file |
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Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@xref{disk_images}). |
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|
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@item -cdrom file |
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Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and and |
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@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by |
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using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename. |
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|
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@item -boot [a|c|d] |
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Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c) or CD-ROM (d). Hard disk boot is |
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the default. |
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|
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@item -snapshot |
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Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, |
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the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force |
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the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@xref{disk_images}). |
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|
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@item -m megs |
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Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. |
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|
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@item -initrd file |
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Use @var{file} as initial ram disk. |
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|
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@item -nographic |
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|
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Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, |
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you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple |
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command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on |
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the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel |
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with a serial console. |
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|
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@item -enable-audio |
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|
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The SB16 emulation is disabled by default as it may give problems with |
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Windows. You can enable it manually with this option. |
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|
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@end table |
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|
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Network options: |
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|
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@table @option |
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|
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@item -n script |
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Set TUN/TAP network init script [default=/etc/qemu-ifup]. This script |
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is launched to configure the host network interface (usually tun0) |
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corresponding to the virtual NE2000 card. |
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|
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@item -macaddr addr |
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|
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Set the mac address of the first interface (the format is |
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aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff in hexa). The mac address is incremented for each |
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new network interface. |
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|
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@item -tun-fd fd |
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Assumes @var{fd} talks to a tap/tun host network interface and use |
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it. Read @url{http://bellard.org/qemu/tetrinet.html} to have an |
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example of its use. |
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|
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@item -user-net |
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(Experimental) Use the user mode network stack. This is the default if |
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no tun/tap network init script is found. |
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|
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@item -dummy-net |
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Use the dummy network stack: no packet will be received on the network |
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cards. |
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|
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@end table |
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|
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Linux boot specific. When using this options, you can use a given |
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Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful |
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for easier testing of various kernels. |
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|
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@table @option |
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|
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@item -kernel bzImage |
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Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. |
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|
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@item -append cmdline |
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Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line |
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|
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@item -initrd file |
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Use @var{file} as initial ram disk. |
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|
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@end table |
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|
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Debug options: |
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@table @option |
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@item -s |
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Wait gdb connection to port 1234 (@xref{gdb_usage}). |
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@item -p port |
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Change gdb connection port. |
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@item -S |
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Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor). |
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@item -d |
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Output log in /tmp/qemu.log |
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@end table |
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|
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During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys: |
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@table @key |
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@item Ctrl-Shift |
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Toggle mouse and keyboard grab. |
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@item Ctrl-Shift-f |
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Toggle full screen |
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@end table |
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|
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During emulation, if you are using the serial console, use @key{C-a h} |
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to get terminal commands: |
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|
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@table @key |
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@item Ctrl-a h |
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Print this help |
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@item Ctrl-a x |
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Exit emulatior |
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@item Ctrl-a s |
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Save disk data back to file (if -snapshot) |
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@item Ctrl-a b |
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Send break (magic sysrq in Linux) |
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@item Ctrl-a c |
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Switch between console and monitor |
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@item Ctrl-a Ctrl-a |
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Send Ctrl-a |
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@end table |
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@c man end |
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|
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@ignore |
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|
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@setfilename qemu |
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@settitle QEMU System Emulator |
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|
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@c man begin SEEALSO |
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The HTML documentation of QEMU for more precise information and Linux |
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user mode emulator invocation. |
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@c man end |
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|
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@c man begin AUTHOR |
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Fabrice Bellard |
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@c man end |
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|
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@end ignore |
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|
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@end ignore |
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|
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|
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@section QEMU Monitor |
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|
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The QEMU monitor is used to give complex commands to the QEMU |
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emulator. You can use it to: |
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|
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@itemize @minus |
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|
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@item |
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Remove or insert removable medias images |
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(such as CD-ROM or floppies) |
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|
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@item |
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Freeze/unfreeze the Virtual Machine (VM) and save or restore its state |
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from a disk file. |
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|
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@item Inspect the VM state without an external debugger. |
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|
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@end itemize |
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|
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@subsection Commands |
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|
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The following commands are available: |
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|
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@table @option |
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|
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@item help or ? [cmd] |
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Show the help for all commands or just for command @var{cmd}. |
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|
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@item commit |
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Commit changes to the disk images (if -snapshot is used) |
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|
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@item info subcommand |
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show various information about the system state |
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|
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@table @option |
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@item info network |
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show the network state |
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@item info block |
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show the block devices |
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@item info registers |
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show the cpu registers |
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@item info history |
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show the command line history |
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@end table |
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|
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@item q or quit |
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Quit the emulator. |
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|
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@item eject [-f] device |
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Eject a removable media (use -f to force it). |
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|
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@item change device filename |
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Change a removable media. |
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|
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@item screendump filename |
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Save screen into PPM image @var{filename}. |
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|
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@item log item1[,...] |
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Activate logging of the specified items to @file{/tmp/qemu.log}. |
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|
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@item savevm filename |
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Save the whole virtual machine state to @var{filename}. |
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|
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@item loadvm filename |
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Restore the whole virtual machine state from @var{filename}. |
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|
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@item stop |
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Stop emulation. |
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|
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@item c or cont |
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Resume emulation. |
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|
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@item gdbserver [port] |
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Start gdbserver session (default port=1234) |
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|
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@item x/fmt addr |
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Virtual memory dump starting at @var{addr}. |
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|
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@item xp /fmt addr |
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Physical memory dump starting at @var{addr}. |
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|
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@var{fmt} is a format which tells the command how to format the |
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data. Its syntax is: @option{/@{count@}@{format@}@{size@}} |
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|
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@table @var |
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@item count |
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is the number of items to be dumped. |
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|
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@item format |
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can be x (hexa), d (signed decimal), u (unsigned decimal), o (octal), |
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c (char) or i (asm instruction). |
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|
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@item size |
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can be b (8 bits), h (16 bits), w (32 bits) or g (64 bits). On x86, |
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@code{h} or @code{w} can be specified with the @code{i} format to |
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respectively select 16 or 32 bit code instruction size. |
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|
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@end table |
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|
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Examples: |
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@itemize |
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@item |
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Dump 10 instructions at the current instruction pointer: |
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@example |
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(qemu) x/10i $eip |
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0x90107063: ret |
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0x90107064: sti |
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0x90107065: lea 0x0(%esi,1),%esi |
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0x90107069: lea 0x0(%edi,1),%edi |
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0x90107070: ret |
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0x90107071: jmp 0x90107080 |
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0x90107073: nop |
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0x90107074: nop |
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0x90107075: nop |
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0x90107076: nop |
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@end example |
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|
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@item |
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Dump 80 16 bit values at the start of the video memory. |
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@example |
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(qemu) xp/80hx 0xb8000 |
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0x000b8000: 0x0b50 0x0b6c 0x0b65 0x0b78 0x0b38 0x0b36 0x0b2f 0x0b42 |
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0x000b8010: 0x0b6f 0x0b63 0x0b68 0x0b73 0x0b20 0x0b56 0x0b47 0x0b41 |
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0x000b8020: 0x0b42 0x0b69 0x0b6f 0x0b73 0x0b20 0x0b63 0x0b75 0x0b72 |
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0x000b8030: 0x0b72 0x0b65 0x0b6e 0x0b74 0x0b2d 0x0b63 0x0b76 0x0b73 |
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0x000b8040: 0x0b20 0x0b30 0x0b35 0x0b20 0x0b4e 0x0b6f 0x0b76 0x0b20 |
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0x000b8050: 0x0b32 0x0b30 0x0b30 0x0b33 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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0x000b8060: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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0x000b8070: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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0x000b8080: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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0x000b8090: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 |
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@end example |
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@end itemize |
481 |
|
482 |
@item p or print/fmt expr |
483 |
|
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Print expression value. Only the @var{format} part of @var{fmt} is |
485 |
used. |
486 |
|
487 |
@item sendkey keys |
488 |
|
489 |
Send @var{keys} to the emulator. Use @code{-} to press several keys |
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simultaneously. Example: |
491 |
@example |
492 |
sendkey ctrl-alt-f1 |
493 |
@end example |
494 |
|
495 |
This command is useful to send keys that your graphical user interface |
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intercepts at low level, such as @code{ctrl-alt-f1} in X Window. |
497 |
|
498 |
@end table |
499 |
|
500 |
@subsection Integer expressions |
501 |
|
502 |
The monitor understands integers expressions for every integer |
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argument. You can use register names to get the value of specifics |
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CPU registers by prefixing them with @emph{$}. |
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|
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@node disk_images |
507 |
@section Disk Images |
508 |
|
509 |
@subsection Raw disk images |
510 |
|
511 |
The disk images can simply be raw images of the hard disk. You can |
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create them with the command: |
513 |
@example |
514 |
dd of=myimage bs=1024 seek=mysize count=0 |
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@end example |
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where @var{myimage} is the image filename and @var{mysize} is its size |
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in kilobytes. |
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|
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@subsection Snapshot mode |
520 |
|
521 |
If you use the option @option{-snapshot}, all disk images are |
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considered as read only. When sectors in written, they are written in |
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a temporary file created in @file{/tmp}. You can however force the |
524 |
write back to the raw disk images by pressing @key{C-a s}. |
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|
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NOTE: The snapshot mode only works with raw disk images. |
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|
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@subsection Copy On Write disk images |
529 |
|
530 |
QEMU also supports user mode Linux |
531 |
(@url{http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/}) Copy On Write (COW) |
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disk images. The COW disk images are much smaller than normal images |
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as they store only modified sectors. They also permit the use of the |
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same disk image template for many users. |
535 |
|
536 |
To create a COW disk images, use the command: |
537 |
|
538 |
@example |
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qemu-mkcow -f myrawimage.bin mycowimage.cow |
540 |
@end example |
541 |
|
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@file{myrawimage.bin} is a raw image you want to use as original disk |
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image. It will never be written to. |
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|
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@file{mycowimage.cow} is the COW disk image which is created by |
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@code{qemu-mkcow}. You can use it directly with the @option{-hdx} |
547 |
options. You must not modify the original raw disk image if you use |
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COW images, as COW images only store the modified sectors from the raw |
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disk image. QEMU stores the original raw disk image name and its |
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modified time in the COW disk image so that chances of mistakes are |
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reduced. |
552 |
|
553 |
If the raw disk image is not read-only, by pressing @key{C-a s} you |
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can flush the COW disk image back into the raw disk image, as in |
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snapshot mode. |
556 |
|
557 |
COW disk images can also be created without a corresponding raw disk |
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image. It is useful to have a big initial virtual disk image without |
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using much disk space. Use: |
560 |
|
561 |
@example |
562 |
qemu-mkcow mycowimage.cow 1024 |
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@end example |
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|
565 |
to create a 1 gigabyte empty COW disk image. |
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|
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NOTES: |
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@enumerate |
569 |
@item |
570 |
COW disk images must be created on file systems supporting |
571 |
@emph{holes} such as ext2 or ext3. |
572 |
@item |
573 |
Since holes are used, the displayed size of the COW disk image is not |
574 |
the real one. To know it, use the @code{ls -ls} command. |
575 |
@end enumerate |
576 |
|
577 |
@section Network emulation |
578 |
|
579 |
QEMU simulates up to 6 networks cards (NE2000 boards). Each card can |
580 |
be connected to a specific host network interface. |
581 |
|
582 |
@subsection Using tun/tap network interface |
583 |
|
584 |
This is the standard way to emulate network. QEMU adds a virtual |
585 |
network device on your host (called @code{tun0}), and you can then |
586 |
configure it as if it was a real ethernet card. |
587 |
|
588 |
As an example, you can download the @file{linux-test-xxx.tar.gz} |
589 |
archive and copy the script @file{qemu-ifup} in @file{/etc} and |
590 |
configure properly @code{sudo} so that the command @code{ifconfig} |
591 |
contained in @file{qemu-ifup} can be executed as root. You must verify |
592 |
that your host kernel supports the TUN/TAP network interfaces: the |
593 |
device @file{/dev/net/tun} must be present. |
594 |
|
595 |
See @ref{direct_linux_boot} to have an example of network use with a |
596 |
Linux distribution. |
597 |
|
598 |
@subsection Using the user mode network stack |
599 |
|
600 |
By using the option @option{-user-net} or if you have no tun/tap init |
601 |
script, QEMU uses a completely user mode network stack (you don't need |
602 |
root priviledge to use the virtual network). The virtual network |
603 |
configuration is the following: |
604 |
|
605 |
@example |
606 |
|
607 |
QEMU Virtual Machine <------> Firewall/DHCP server <-----> Internet |
608 |
(10.0.2.x) | (10.0.2.2) |
609 |
| |
610 |
----> DNS |
611 |
(10.0.2.3) |
612 |
@end example |
613 |
|
614 |
The QEMU VM behaves as if it was behind a firewall which blocks all |
615 |
incoming connections. You can use a DHCP client to automatically |
616 |
configure the network in the QEMU VM. |
617 |
|
618 |
In order to check that the user mode network is working, you can ping |
619 |
the address 10.0.2.2 and verify that you got an address in the range |
620 |
10.0.2.x from the QEMU virtual DHCP server. |
621 |
|
622 |
Note that @code{ping} is not supported reliably to the internet as it |
623 |
would require root priviledges. It means you can only ping the local |
624 |
router (10.0.2.2). |
625 |
|
626 |
The user mode network is currently only supported on a Unix host. |
627 |
|
628 |
@node direct_linux_boot |
629 |
@section Direct Linux Boot |
630 |
|
631 |
This section explains how to launch a Linux kernel inside QEMU without |
632 |
having to make a full bootable image. It is very useful for fast Linux |
633 |
kernel testing. The QEMU network configuration is also explained. |
634 |
|
635 |
@enumerate |
636 |
@item |
637 |
Download the archive @file{linux-test-xxx.tar.gz} containing a Linux |
638 |
kernel and a disk image. |
639 |
|
640 |
@item Optional: If you want network support (for example to launch X11 examples), you |
641 |
must copy the script @file{qemu-ifup} in @file{/etc} and configure |
642 |
properly @code{sudo} so that the command @code{ifconfig} contained in |
643 |
@file{qemu-ifup} can be executed as root. You must verify that your host |
644 |
kernel supports the TUN/TAP network interfaces: the device |
645 |
@file{/dev/net/tun} must be present. |
646 |
|
647 |
When network is enabled, there is a virtual network connection between |
648 |
the host kernel and the emulated kernel. The emulated kernel is seen |
649 |
from the host kernel at IP address 172.20.0.2 and the host kernel is |
650 |
seen from the emulated kernel at IP address 172.20.0.1. |
651 |
|
652 |
@item Launch @code{qemu.sh}. You should have the following output: |
653 |
|
654 |
@example |
655 |
> ./qemu.sh |
656 |
Connected to host network interface: tun0 |
657 |
Linux version 2.4.21 (bellard@voyager.localdomain) (gcc version 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-5)) #5 Tue Nov 11 18:18:53 CET 2003 |
658 |
BIOS-provided physical RAM map: |
659 |
BIOS-e801: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f000 (usable) |
660 |
BIOS-e801: 0000000000100000 - 0000000002000000 (usable) |
661 |
32MB LOWMEM available. |
662 |
On node 0 totalpages: 8192 |
663 |
zone(0): 4096 pages. |
664 |
zone(1): 4096 pages. |
665 |
zone(2): 0 pages. |
666 |
Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda sb=0x220,5,1,5 ide2=noprobe ide3=noprobe ide4=noprobe ide5=noprobe console=ttyS0 |
667 |
ide_setup: ide2=noprobe |
668 |
ide_setup: ide3=noprobe |
669 |
ide_setup: ide4=noprobe |
670 |
ide_setup: ide5=noprobe |
671 |
Initializing CPU#0 |
672 |
Detected 2399.621 MHz processor. |
673 |
Console: colour EGA 80x25 |
674 |
Calibrating delay loop... 4744.80 BogoMIPS |
675 |
Memory: 28872k/32768k available (1210k kernel code, 3508k reserved, 266k data, 64k init, 0k highmem) |
676 |
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) |
677 |
Inode cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) |
678 |
Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) |
679 |
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) |
680 |
Page-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) |
681 |
CPU: Intel Pentium Pro stepping 03 |
682 |
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK. |
683 |
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX |
684 |
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4 |
685 |
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039 |
686 |
Initializing RT netlink socket |
687 |
apm: BIOS not found. |
688 |
Starting kswapd |
689 |
Journalled Block Device driver loaded |
690 |
Detected PS/2 Mouse Port. |
691 |
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured |
692 |
Serial driver version 5.05c (2001-07-08) with no serial options enabled |
693 |
ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16450 |
694 |
ne.c:v1.10 9/23/94 Donald Becker (becker@scyld.com) |
695 |
Last modified Nov 1, 2000 by Paul Gortmaker |
696 |
NE*000 ethercard probe at 0x300: 52 54 00 12 34 56 |
697 |
eth0: NE2000 found at 0x300, using IRQ 9. |
698 |
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize |
699 |
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00beta4-2.4 |
700 |
ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx |
701 |
hda: QEMU HARDDISK, ATA DISK drive |
702 |
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14 |
703 |
hda: attached ide-disk driver. |
704 |
hda: 20480 sectors (10 MB) w/256KiB Cache, CHS=20/16/63 |
705 |
Partition check: |
706 |
hda: |
707 |
Soundblaster audio driver Copyright (C) by Hannu Savolainen 1993-1996 |
708 |
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0 |
709 |
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP |
710 |
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes |
711 |
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 4096) |
712 |
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0. |
713 |
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended |
714 |
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem). |
715 |
Freeing unused kernel memory: 64k freed |
716 |
|
717 |
Linux version 2.4.21 (bellard@voyager.localdomain) (gcc version 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-5)) #5 Tue Nov 11 18:18:53 CET 2003 |
718 |
|
719 |
QEMU Linux test distribution (based on Redhat 9) |
720 |
|
721 |
Type 'exit' to halt the system |
722 |
|
723 |
sh-2.05b# |
724 |
@end example |
725 |
|
726 |
@item |
727 |
Then you can play with the kernel inside the virtual serial console. You |
728 |
can launch @code{ls} for example. Type @key{Ctrl-a h} to have an help |
729 |
about the keys you can type inside the virtual serial console. In |
730 |
particular, use @key{Ctrl-a x} to exit QEMU and use @key{Ctrl-a b} as |
731 |
the Magic SysRq key. |
732 |
|
733 |
@item |
734 |
If the network is enabled, launch the script @file{/etc/linuxrc} in the |
735 |
emulator (don't forget the leading dot): |
736 |
@example |
737 |
. /etc/linuxrc |
738 |
@end example |
739 |
|
740 |
Then enable X11 connections on your PC from the emulated Linux: |
741 |
@example |
742 |
xhost +172.20.0.2 |
743 |
@end example |
744 |
|
745 |
You can now launch @file{xterm} or @file{xlogo} and verify that you have |
746 |
a real Virtual Linux system ! |
747 |
|
748 |
@end enumerate |
749 |
|
750 |
NOTES: |
751 |
@enumerate |
752 |
@item |
753 |
A 2.5.74 kernel is also included in the archive. Just |
754 |
replace the bzImage in qemu.sh to try it. |
755 |
|
756 |
@item |
757 |
qemu-fast creates a temporary file in @var{$QEMU_TMPDIR} (@file{/tmp} is the |
758 |
default) containing all the simulated PC memory. If possible, try to use |
759 |
a temporary directory using the tmpfs filesystem to avoid too many |
760 |
unnecessary disk accesses. |
761 |
|
762 |
@item |
763 |
In order to exit cleanly from qemu, you can do a @emph{shutdown} inside |
764 |
qemu. qemu will automatically exit when the Linux shutdown is done. |
765 |
|
766 |
@item |
767 |
You can boot slightly faster by disabling the probe of non present IDE |
768 |
interfaces. To do so, add the following options on the kernel command |
769 |
line: |
770 |
@example |
771 |
ide1=noprobe ide2=noprobe ide3=noprobe ide4=noprobe ide5=noprobe |
772 |
@end example |
773 |
|
774 |
@item |
775 |
The example disk image is a modified version of the one made by Kevin |
776 |
Lawton for the plex86 Project (@url{www.plex86.org}). |
777 |
|
778 |
@end enumerate |
779 |
|
780 |
@node linux_compile |
781 |
@section Linux Kernel Compilation |
782 |
|
783 |
You can use any linux kernel with QEMU. However, if you want to use |
784 |
@code{qemu-fast} to get maximum performances, you must use a modified |
785 |
guest kernel. If you are using a 2.6 guest kernel, you can use |
786 |
directly the patch @file{linux-2.6-qemu-fast.patch} made by Rusty |
787 |
Russel available in the QEMU source archive. Otherwise, you can make the |
788 |
following changes @emph{by hand} to the Linux kernel: |
789 |
|
790 |
@enumerate |
791 |
@item |
792 |
The kernel must be mapped at 0x90000000 (the default is |
793 |
0xc0000000). You must modify only two lines in the kernel source: |
794 |
|
795 |
In @file{include/asm/page.h}, replace |
796 |
@example |
797 |
#define __PAGE_OFFSET (0xc0000000) |
798 |
@end example |
799 |
by |
800 |
@example |
801 |
#define __PAGE_OFFSET (0x90000000) |
802 |
@end example |
803 |
|
804 |
And in @file{arch/i386/vmlinux.lds}, replace |
805 |
@example |
806 |
. = 0xc0000000 + 0x100000; |
807 |
@end example |
808 |
by |
809 |
@example |
810 |
. = 0x90000000 + 0x100000; |
811 |
@end example |
812 |
|
813 |
@item |
814 |
If you want to enable SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing) support, you |
815 |
must make the following change in @file{include/asm/fixmap.h}. Replace |
816 |
@example |
817 |
#define FIXADDR_TOP (0xffffX000UL) |
818 |
@end example |
819 |
by |
820 |
@example |
821 |
#define FIXADDR_TOP (0xa7ffX000UL) |
822 |
@end example |
823 |
(X is 'e' or 'f' depending on the kernel version). Although you can |
824 |
use an SMP kernel with QEMU, it only supports one CPU. |
825 |
|
826 |
@item |
827 |
If you are not using a 2.6 kernel as host kernel but if you use a target |
828 |
2.6 kernel, you must also ensure that the 'HZ' define is set to 100 |
829 |
(1000 is the default) as QEMU cannot currently emulate timers at |
830 |
frequencies greater than 100 Hz on host Linux systems < 2.6. In |
831 |
@file{include/asm/param.h}, replace: |
832 |
|
833 |
@example |
834 |
# define HZ 1000 /* Internal kernel timer frequency */ |
835 |
@end example |
836 |
by |
837 |
@example |
838 |
# define HZ 100 /* Internal kernel timer frequency */ |
839 |
@end example |
840 |
|
841 |
@end enumerate |
842 |
|
843 |
The file config-2.x.x gives the configuration of the example kernels. |
844 |
|
845 |
Just type |
846 |
@example |
847 |
make bzImage |
848 |
@end example |
849 |
|
850 |
As you would do to make a real kernel. Then you can use with QEMU |
851 |
exactly the same kernel as you would boot on your PC (in |
852 |
@file{arch/i386/boot/bzImage}). |
853 |
|
854 |
@node gdb_usage |
855 |
@section GDB usage |
856 |
|
857 |
QEMU has a primitive support to work with gdb, so that you can do |
858 |
'Ctrl-C' while the virtual machine is running and inspect its state. |
859 |
|
860 |
In order to use gdb, launch qemu with the '-s' option. It will wait for a |
861 |
gdb connection: |
862 |
@example |
863 |
> qemu -s -kernel arch/i386/boot/bzImage -hda root-2.4.20.img -append "root=/dev/hda" |
864 |
Connected to host network interface: tun0 |
865 |
Waiting gdb connection on port 1234 |
866 |
@end example |
867 |
|
868 |
Then launch gdb on the 'vmlinux' executable: |
869 |
@example |
870 |
> gdb vmlinux |
871 |
@end example |
872 |
|
873 |
In gdb, connect to QEMU: |
874 |
@example |
875 |
(gdb) target remote localhost:1234 |
876 |
@end example |
877 |
|
878 |
Then you can use gdb normally. For example, type 'c' to launch the kernel: |
879 |
@example |
880 |
(gdb) c |
881 |
@end example |
882 |
|
883 |
Here are some useful tips in order to use gdb on system code: |
884 |
|
885 |
@enumerate |
886 |
@item |
887 |
Use @code{info reg} to display all the CPU registers. |
888 |
@item |
889 |
Use @code{x/10i $eip} to display the code at the PC position. |
890 |
@item |
891 |
Use @code{set architecture i8086} to dump 16 bit code. Then use |
892 |
@code{x/10i $cs*16+*eip} to dump the code at the PC position. |
893 |
@end enumerate |
894 |
|
895 |
@section Target OS specific information |
896 |
|
897 |
@subsection Linux |
898 |
|
899 |
To have access to SVGA graphic modes under X11, use the @code{vesa} |
900 |
X11 driver. For optimal performances, use the same depth as your |
901 |
native display. |
902 |
|
903 |
@subsection Windows |
904 |
|
905 |
If you have a slow host, using Windows 95 is better as it gives the |
906 |
best speed. Windows 2000 is also a good choice. |
907 |
|
908 |
SVGA graphic modes support: QEMU currently supports the Bochs VESA VBE |
909 |
extensions. It supports color depths of 8, 15, 16 and 32 bits per |
910 |
pixel in 640x480, 800x600 and 1024x768. For optimal performances, use |
911 |
the same depth as your native display. |
912 |
|
913 |
@itemize |
914 |
|
915 |
@item Windows XP: it should be automatically detected. |
916 |
|
917 |
@item Windows NT4 or 2000: use the driver |
918 |
@url{http://www.volny.cz/xnavara/qemuvid_bin.zip} by Filip Navara. |
919 |
|
920 |
@item Windows 95/98/Me: no clean solution yet (but it will change |
921 |
soon). You can however use the shareware driver from SciTech. Here are |
922 |
the steps recommended by Christophe Bothamy on the Bochs mailing list: |
923 |
|
924 |
@itemize |
925 |
@item install win95 with the VGA driver. |
926 |
@item download sdd 7 beta from @url{http://www.majorgeeks.com/download382.html} |
927 |
@item download pmhelp.vxd from @url{http://unununium.org/viewcvs/snap/redist/release/pmhelp.vxd} |
928 |
@item copy pmhelp.vxd to the win95 system directory |
929 |
@item install sdd7 |
930 |
@end itemize |
931 |
@end itemize |
932 |
|
933 |
@chapter QEMU PREP PowerPC System emulator invocation |
934 |
|
935 |
Use the executable @file{qemu-system-ppc} to simulate a complete PREP |
936 |
PowerPC system. |
937 |
|
938 |
QEMU emulates the following PREP peripherials: |
939 |
|
940 |
@itemize @minus |
941 |
@item |
942 |
2 IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support |
943 |
@item |
944 |
Floppy disk |
945 |
@item |
946 |
up to 6 NE2000 network adapters |
947 |
@item |
948 |
Serial port |
949 |
@item |
950 |
PREP Non Volatile RAM |
951 |
@end itemize |
952 |
|
953 |
You can read the qemu PC system emulation chapter to have more |
954 |
informations about QEMU usage. |
955 |
|
956 |
More information is available at |
957 |
@url{http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/}. |
958 |
|
959 |
@chapter QEMU User space emulator invocation |
960 |
|
961 |
@section Quick Start |
962 |
|
963 |
In order to launch a Linux process, QEMU needs the process executable |
964 |
itself and all the target (x86) dynamic libraries used by it. |
965 |
|
966 |
@itemize |
967 |
|
968 |
@item On x86, you can just try to launch any process by using the native |
969 |
libraries: |
970 |
|
971 |
@example |
972 |
qemu-i386 -L / /bin/ls |
973 |
@end example |
974 |
|
975 |
@code{-L /} tells that the x86 dynamic linker must be searched with a |
976 |
@file{/} prefix. |
977 |
|
978 |
@item Since QEMU is also a linux process, you can launch qemu with qemu (NOTE: you can only do that if you compiled QEMU from the sources): |
979 |
|
980 |
@example |
981 |
qemu-i386 -L / qemu-i386 -L / /bin/ls |
982 |
@end example |
983 |
|
984 |
@item On non x86 CPUs, you need first to download at least an x86 glibc |
985 |
(@file{qemu-runtime-i386-XXX-.tar.gz} on the QEMU web page). Ensure that |
986 |
@code{LD_LIBRARY_PATH} is not set: |
987 |
|
988 |
@example |
989 |
unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH |
990 |
@end example |
991 |
|
992 |
Then you can launch the precompiled @file{ls} x86 executable: |
993 |
|
994 |
@example |
995 |
qemu-i386 tests/i386/ls |
996 |
@end example |
997 |
You can look at @file{qemu-binfmt-conf.sh} so that |
998 |
QEMU is automatically launched by the Linux kernel when you try to |
999 |
launch x86 executables. It requires the @code{binfmt_misc} module in the |
1000 |
Linux kernel. |
1001 |
|
1002 |
@item The x86 version of QEMU is also included. You can try weird things such as: |
1003 |
@example |
1004 |
qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/ls-i386 |
1005 |
@end example |
1006 |
|
1007 |
@end itemize |
1008 |
|
1009 |
@section Wine launch |
1010 |
|
1011 |
@itemize |
1012 |
|
1013 |
@item Ensure that you have a working QEMU with the x86 glibc |
1014 |
distribution (see previous section). In order to verify it, you must be |
1015 |
able to do: |
1016 |
|
1017 |
@example |
1018 |
qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/ls-i386 |
1019 |
@end example |
1020 |
|
1021 |
@item Download the binary x86 Wine install |
1022 |
(@file{qemu-XXX-i386-wine.tar.gz} on the QEMU web page). |
1023 |
|
1024 |
@item Configure Wine on your account. Look at the provided script |
1025 |
@file{/usr/local/qemu-i386/bin/wine-conf.sh}. Your previous |
1026 |
@code{$@{HOME@}/.wine} directory is saved to @code{$@{HOME@}/.wine.org}. |
1027 |
|
1028 |
@item Then you can try the example @file{putty.exe}: |
1029 |
|
1030 |
@example |
1031 |
qemu-i386 /usr/local/qemu-i386/wine/bin/wine /usr/local/qemu-i386/wine/c/Program\ Files/putty.exe |
1032 |
@end example |
1033 |
|
1034 |
@end itemize |
1035 |
|
1036 |
@section Command line options |
1037 |
|
1038 |
@example |
1039 |
usage: qemu-i386 [-h] [-d] [-L path] [-s size] program [arguments...] |
1040 |
@end example |
1041 |
|
1042 |
@table @option |
1043 |
@item -h |
1044 |
Print the help |
1045 |
@item -L path |
1046 |
Set the x86 elf interpreter prefix (default=/usr/local/qemu-i386) |
1047 |
@item -s size |
1048 |
Set the x86 stack size in bytes (default=524288) |
1049 |
@end table |
1050 |
|
1051 |
Debug options: |
1052 |
|
1053 |
@table @option |
1054 |
@item -d |
1055 |
Activate log (logfile=/tmp/qemu.log) |
1056 |
@item -p pagesize |
1057 |
Act as if the host page size was 'pagesize' bytes |
1058 |
@end table |
1059 |
|