Archipelago » qemu

HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi

HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and

HXCOMM discarded from C version

HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask) is used to

HXCOMM construct option structures, enums and help message for specified

HXCOMM architectures.

HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C

DEFHEADING(Standard options:)

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h,

    "-h or -help     display this help and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -h

@findex -h

Display help and exit

ETEXI

DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version,

    "-version        display version information and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -version

@findex -version

Display version information and exit

ETEXI

DEF("machine", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_machine, \

    "-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"

    "                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)\n"

    "                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator\n"

    "                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg)\n"

    "                kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support\n"

    "                kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU\n"

    "                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)\n"

    "                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -machine [type=]@var{name}[,prop=@var{value}[,...]]

@findex -machine

Select the emulated machine by @var{name}. Use @code{-machine help} to list

available machines. Supported machine properties are:

@table @option

@item accel=@var{accels1}[:@var{accels2}[:...]]

This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target architecture,

kvm, xen, or tcg can be available. By default, tcg is used. If there is more

than one accelerator specified, the next one is used if the previous one fails

to initialize.

@item kernel_irqchip=on|off

Enables in-kernel irqchip support for the chosen accelerator when available.

@item kvm_shadow_mem=size

Defines the size of the KVM shadow MMU.

@item dump-guest-core=on|off

Include guest memory in a core dump. The default is on.

@item mem-merge=on|off

Enables or disables memory merge support. This feature, when supported by

the host, de-duplicates identical memory pages among VMs instances

(enabled by default).

@end table

ETEXI

HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine

DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu,

    "-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -cpu @var{model}

@findex -cpu

Select CPU model (@code{-cpu help} for list and additional feature selection)

ETEXI

DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp,

    "-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n"

    "                set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n"

    "                maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including\n"

    "                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n"

    "                cores= number of CPU cores on one socket\n"

    "                threads= number of threads on one CPU core\n"

    "                sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system\n",

        QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -smp [cpus=]@var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}]

@findex -smp

Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255

CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs

to 4.

For the PC target, the number of @var{cores} per socket, the number

of @var{threads} per cores and the total number of @var{sockets} can be

specified. Missing values will be computed. If any on the three values is

given, the total number of CPUs @var{n} can be omitted. @var{maxcpus}

specifies the maximum number of hotpluggable CPUs.

ETEXI

DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa,

    "-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -numa @var{opts}

@findex -numa

Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If mem and cpus are omitted, resources

are split equally.

ETEXI

DEF("add-fd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_add_fd,

    "-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]\n"

    "                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -add-fd fd=@var{fd},set=@var{set}[,opaque=@var{opaque}]

@findex -add-fd

Add a file descriptor to an fd set.  Valid options are:

@table @option

@item fd=@var{fd}

This option defines the file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set.

The file descriptor cannot be stdin, stdout, or stderr.

@item set=@var{set}

This option defines the ID of the fd set to add the file descriptor to.

@item opaque=@var{opaque}

This option defines a free-form string that can be used to describe @var{fd}.

@end table

You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:

@example

qemu-system-i386

-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"

-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"

-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk

@end example

ETEXI

DEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set,

    "-set group.id.arg=value\n"

    "                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n"

    "                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -set @var{group}.@var{id}.@var{arg}=@var{value}

@findex -set

Set parameter @var{arg} for item @var{id} of type @var{group}\n"

ETEXI

DEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global,

    "-global driver.prop=value\n"

    "                set a global default for a driver property\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -global @var{driver}.@var{prop}=@var{value}

@findex -global

Set default value of @var{driver}'s property @var{prop} to @var{value}, e.g.:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -global ide-drive.physical_block_size=4096 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=0,media=disk

@end example

In particular, you can use this to set driver properties for devices which are 

created automatically by the machine model. To create a device which is not 

created automatically and set properties on it, use -@option{device}.

ETEXI

DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot,

    "-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n"

    "      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]\n"

    "                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n"

    "                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on\n"

    "                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms\n"

    "                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off][,splash=@var{sp_name}][,splash-time=@var{sp_time}][,reboot-timeout=@var{rb_timeout}][,strict=on|off]

@findex -boot

Specify boot order @var{drives} as a string of drive letters. Valid

drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b

(floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherboot

from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. To apply a

particular boot order only on the first startup, specify it via

@option{once}.

Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via @option{menu=on} as far

as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot.

A splash picture could be passed to bios, enabling user to show it as logo,

when option splash=@var{sp_name} is given and menu=on, If firmware/BIOS

supports them. Currently Seabios for X86 system support it.

limitation: The splash file could be a jpeg file or a BMP file in 24 BPP

format(true color). The resolution should be supported by the SVGA mode, so

the recommended is 320x240, 640x480, 800x640.

A timeout could be passed to bios, guest will pause for @var{rb_timeout} ms

when boot failed, then reboot. If @var{rb_timeout} is '-1', guest will not

reboot, qemu passes '-1' to bios by default. Currently Seabios for X86

system support it.

Do strict boot via @option{strict=on} as far as firmware/BIOS

supports it. This only effects when boot priority is changed by

bootindex options. The default is non-strict boot.

@example

# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk

qemu-system-i386 -boot order=nc

# boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot

qemu-system-i386 -boot once=d

# boot with a splash picture for 5 seconds.

qemu-system-i386 -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000

@end example

Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its

use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions.

ETEXI

DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m,

    "-m megs         set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default="

    stringify(DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE) "]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -m @var{megs}

@findex -m

Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB.  Optionally,

a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or

gigabytes respectively.

ETEXI

DEF("mem-path", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mempath,

    "-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -mem-path @var{path}

@findex -mem-path

Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in @var{path}.

ETEXI

#ifdef MAP_POPULATE

DEF("mem-prealloc", 0, QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc,

    "-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -mem-prealloc

@findex -mem-prealloc

Preallocate memory when using -mem-path.

ETEXI

#endif

DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k,

    "-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -k @var{language}

@findex -k

Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for

French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC

keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC

display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows

hosts.

The available layouts are:

@example

ar  de-ch  es  fo     fr-ca  hu  ja  mk     no  pt-br  sv

da  en-gb  et  fr     fr-ch  is  lt  nl     pl  ru     th

de  en-us  fi  fr-be  hr     it  lv  nl-be  pt  sl     tr

@end example

The default is @code{en-us}.

ETEXI

DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help,

    "-audio-help     print list of audio drivers and their options\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -audio-help

@findex -audio-help

Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable

parameters.

ETEXI

DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw,

    "-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n"

    "                and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n"

    "                use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards\n"

    "                use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all

@findex -soundhw

Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use 'help' to print all

available sound hardware.

@example

qemu-system-i386 -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img

qemu-system-i386 -soundhw es1370 disk.img

qemu-system-i386 -soundhw ac97 disk.img

qemu-system-i386 -soundhw hda disk.img

qemu-system-i386 -soundhw all disk.img

qemu-system-i386 -soundhw help

@end example

Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might

require manually specifying clocking.

@example

modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000

@end example

ETEXI

DEF("balloon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_balloon,

    "-balloon none   disable balloon device\n"

    "-balloon virtio[,addr=str]\n"

    "                enable virtio balloon device (default)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -balloon none

@findex -balloon

Disable balloon device.

@item -balloon virtio[,addr=@var{addr}]

Enable virtio balloon device (default), optionally with PCI address

@var{addr}.

ETEXI

DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device,

    "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"

    "                add device (based on driver)\n"

    "                prop=value,... sets driver properties\n"

    "                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers\n"

    "                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -device @var{driver}[,@var{prop}[=@var{value}][,...]]

@findex -device

Add device @var{driver}.  @var{prop}=@var{value} sets driver

properties.  Valid properties depend on the driver.  To get help on

possible drivers and properties, use @code{-device help} and

@code{-device @var{driver},help}.

ETEXI

DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,

    "-name string1[,process=string2]\n"

    "                set the name of the guest\n"

    "                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -name @var{name}

@findex -name

Sets the @var{name} of the guest.

This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.

The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.

Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux.

ETEXI

DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,

    "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n"

    "                specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -uuid @var{uuid}

@findex -uuid

Set system UUID.

ETEXI

STEXI

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Block device options:)

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,

    "-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -fda @var{file}

@item -fdb @var{file}

@findex -fda

@findex -fdb

Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can

use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).

ETEXI

DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,

    "-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,

    "-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -hda @var{file}

@item -hdb @var{file}

@item -hdc @var{file}

@item -hdd @var{file}

@findex -hda

@findex -hdb

@findex -hdc

@findex -hdd

Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).

ETEXI

DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,

    "-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -cdrom @var{file}

@findex -cdrom

Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and

@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by

using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).

ETEXI

DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,

    "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"

    "       [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"

    "       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]\n"

    "       [,serial=s][,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]\n"

    "       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]\n"

    "       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]][[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]\n"

    "                use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]

@findex -drive

Define a new drive. Valid options are:

@table @option

@item file=@var{file}

This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with

this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it

(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").

Special files such as iSCSI devices can be specified using protocol

specific URLs. See the section for "Device URL Syntax" for more information.

@item if=@var{interface}

This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.

Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.

@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}

These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and

the unit id.

@item index=@var{index}

This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list

of available connectors of a given interface type.

@item media=@var{media}

This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.

@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]

These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.

@item snapshot=@var{snapshot}

@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}).

@item cache=@var{cache}

@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", "unsafe", "directsync" or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.

@item aio=@var{aio}

@var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO.

@item discard=@var{discard}

@var{discard} is one of "ignore" (or "off") or "unmap" (or "on") and controls whether @dfn{discard} (also known as @dfn{trim} or @dfn{unmap}) requests are ignored or passed to the filesystem.  Some machine types may not support discard requests.

@item format=@var{format}

Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting

the format.  Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting

an untrusted format header.

@item serial=@var{serial}

This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.

@item addr=@var{addr}

Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only).

@item werror=@var{action},rerror=@var{action}

Specify which @var{action} to take on write and read errors. Valid actions are:

"ignore" (ignore the error and try to continue), "stop" (pause QEMU),

"report" (report the error to the guest), "enospc" (pause QEMU only if the

host disk is full; report the error to the guest otherwise).

The default setting is @option{werror=enospc} and @option{rerror=report}.

@item readonly

Open drive @option{file} as read-only. Guest write attempts will fail.

@item copy-on-read=@var{copy-on-read}

@var{copy-on-read} is "on" or "off" and enables whether to copy read backing

file sectors into the image file.

@end table

By default, the @option{cache=writeback} mode is used. It will report data

writes as completed as soon as the data is present in the host page cache.

This is safe as long as your guest OS makes sure to correctly flush disk caches

where needed. If your guest OS does not handle volatile disk write caches

correctly and your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience

data corruption.

For such guests, you should consider using @option{cache=writethrough}. This

means that the host page cache will be used to read and write data, but write

notification will be sent to the guest only after QEMU has made sure to flush

each write to the disk. Be aware that this has a major impact on performance.

The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}.  This will

attempt to do disk IO directly to the guest's memory.  QEMU may still perform

an internal copy of the data. Note that this is considered a writeback mode and

the guest OS must handle the disk write cache correctly in order to avoid data

corruption on host crashes.

The host page cache can be avoided while only sending write notifications to

the guest when the data has been flushed to the disk using

@option{cache=directsync}.

In case you don't care about data integrity over host failures, use

@option{cache=unsafe}. This option tells QEMU that it never needs to write any

data to the disk but can instead keep things in cache. If anything goes wrong,

like your host losing power, the disk storage getting disconnected accidentally,

etc. your image will most probably be rendered unusable.   When using

the @option{-snapshot} option, unsafe caching is always used.

Copy-on-read avoids accessing the same backing file sectors repeatedly and is

useful when the backing file is over a slow network.  By default copy-on-read

is off.

Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom

@end example

Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can

use:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk

@end example

You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:

@example

qemu-system-i386

-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"

-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"

-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk

@end example

You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom

@end example

If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom

@end example

You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6

@end example

Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy

@end example

By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically

incremented:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -drive file=a -drive file=b"

@end example

is interpreted like:

@example

qemu-system-i386 -hda a -hdb b

@end example

ETEXI

DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,

    "-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -mtdblock @var{file}

@findex -mtdblock

Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image.

ETEXI

DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,

    "-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -sd @var{file}

@findex -sd

Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image.

ETEXI

DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,

    "-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -pflash @var{file}

@findex -pflash

Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image.

ETEXI

DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,

    "-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -snapshot

@findex -snapshot

Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,

the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force

the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).

ETEXI

DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \

    "-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \

    "                force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \

    "                translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}]

@findex -hdachs

Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <=

@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS

translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess

all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk

images.

ETEXI

DEF("fsdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fsdev,

    "-fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}]\n"

    " [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -fsdev @var{fsdriver},id=@var{id},path=@var{path},[security_model=@var{security_model}][,writeout=@var{writeout}][,readonly][,socket=@var{socket}|sock_fd=@var{sock_fd}]

@findex -fsdev

Define a new file system device. Valid options are:

@table @option

@item @var{fsdriver}

This option specifies the fs driver backend to use.

Currently "local", "handle" and "proxy" file system drivers are supported.

@item id=@var{id}

Specifies identifier for this device

@item path=@var{path}

Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files under

this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest.

@item security_model=@var{security_model}

Specifies the security model to be used for this export path.

Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", "mapped-file" and "none".

In "passthrough" security model, files are stored using the same

credentials as they are created on the guest. This requires QEMU

to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" security model, some of the file

attributes like uid, gid, mode bits and link target are stored as

file attributes. For "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the

hidden .virtfs_metadata directory. Directories exported by this security model cannot

interact with other unix tools. "none" security model is same as

passthrough except the sever won't report failures if it fails to

set file attributes like ownership. Security model is mandatory

only for local fsdriver. Other fsdrivers (like handle, proxy) don't take

security model as a parameter.

@item writeout=@var{writeout}

This is an optional argument. The only supported value is "immediate".

This means that host page cache will be used to read and write data but

write notification will be sent to the guest only when the data has been

reported as written by the storage subsystem.

@item readonly

Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By default

read-write access is given.

@item socket=@var{socket}

Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for communicating

with virtfs-proxy-helper

@item sock_fd=@var{sock_fd}

Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket descriptor for

communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper. Usually a helper like libvirt

will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as sock_fd

@end table

-fsdev option is used along with -device driver "virtio-9p-pci".

@item -device virtio-9p-pci,fsdev=@var{id},mount_tag=@var{mount_tag}

Options for virtio-9p-pci driver are:

@table @option

@item fsdev=@var{id}

Specifies the id value specified along with -fsdev option

@item mount_tag=@var{mount_tag}

Specifies the tag name to be used by the guest to mount this export point

@end table

ETEXI

DEF("virtfs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs,

    "-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none]\n"

    "        [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -virtfs @var{fsdriver}[,path=@var{path}],mount_tag=@var{mount_tag}[,security_model=@var{security_model}][,writeout=@var{writeout}][,readonly][,socket=@var{socket}|sock_fd=@var{sock_fd}]

@findex -virtfs

The general form of a Virtual File system pass-through options are:

@table @option

@item @var{fsdriver}

This option specifies the fs driver backend to use.

Currently "local", "handle" and "proxy" file system drivers are supported.

@item id=@var{id}

Specifies identifier for this device

@item path=@var{path}

Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files under

this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest.

@item security_model=@var{security_model}

Specifies the security model to be used for this export path.

Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", "mapped-file" and "none".

In "passthrough" security model, files are stored using the same

credentials as they are created on the guest. This requires QEMU

to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" security model, some of the file

attributes like uid, gid, mode bits and link target are stored as

file attributes. For "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the

hidden .virtfs_metadata directory. Directories exported by this security model cannot

interact with other unix tools. "none" security model is same as

passthrough except the sever won't report failures if it fails to

set file attributes like ownership. Security model is mandatory only

for local fsdriver. Other fsdrivers (like handle, proxy) don't take security

model as a parameter.

@item writeout=@var{writeout}

This is an optional argument. The only supported value is "immediate".

This means that host page cache will be used to read and write data but

write notification will be sent to the guest only when the data has been

reported as written by the storage subsystem.

@item readonly

Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By default

read-write access is given.

@item socket=@var{socket}

Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for

communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper. Usually a helper like libvirt

will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as sock_fd

@item sock_fd

Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed 'sock_fd' as the socket

descriptor for interfacing with virtfs-proxy-helper

@end table

ETEXI

DEF("virtfs_synth", 0, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs_synth,

    "-virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -virtfs_synth

@findex -virtfs_synth

Create synthetic file system image

ETEXI

STEXI

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(USB options:)

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,

    "-usb            enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -usb

@findex -usb

Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)

ETEXI

DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,

    "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -usbdevice @var{devname}

@findex -usbdevice

Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.

@table @option

@item mouse

Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.

@item tablet

Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This

means QEMU is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the

mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.

@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file}

Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument

will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy

@code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.

@item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr}

Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only).

@item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}

Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}

(Linux only).

@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}

Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the

available devices.

@item braille

Braille device.  This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real

or fake device.

@item net:@var{options}

Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.

@end table

ETEXI

STEXI

@end table

ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Display options:)

STEXI

@table @option

ETEXI

DEF("display", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_display,

    "-display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off]\n"

    "            [,window_close=on|off]|curses|none|\n"

    "            vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]\n"

    "                select display type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -display @var{type}

@findex -display

Select type of display to use. This option is a replacement for the

old style -sdl/-curses/... options. Valid values for @var{type} are

@table @option

@item sdl

Display video output via SDL (usually in a separate graphics

window; see the SDL documentation for other possibilities).

@item curses

Display video output via curses. For graphics device models which

support a text mode, QEMU can display this output using a

curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed when the graphics

device is in graphical mode or if the graphics device does not support

a text mode. Generally only the VGA device models support text mode.

@item none

Do not display video output. The guest will still see an emulated

graphics card, but its output will not be displayed to the QEMU

user. This option differs from the -nographic option in that it

only affects what is done with video output; -nographic also changes

the destination of the serial and parallel port data.

@item vnc

Start a VNC server on display <arg>

@end table

ETEXI

DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic,

    "-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -nographic

@findex -nographic

Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,

you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple

command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on

the console and muxed with the monitor (unless redirected elsewhere

explicitly). Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel

with a serial console.  Use @key{C-a h} for help on switching between

the console and monitor.

ETEXI

DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses,

    "-curses         use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -curses

@findex -curses

Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output.  With this option,

QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a

curses/ncurses interface.  Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.

ETEXI

DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame,

    "-no-frame       open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -no-frame

@findex -no-frame

Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole

available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop

workspace more convenient.

ETEXI

DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab,

    "-alt-grab       use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -alt-grab

@findex -alt-grab

Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). Note that this also

affects the special keys (for fullscreen, monitor-mode switching, etc).

ETEXI

DEF("ctrl-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab,

    "-ctrl-grab      use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -ctrl-grab

@findex -ctrl-grab

Use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). Note that this also

affects the special keys (for fullscreen, monitor-mode switching, etc).

ETEXI

DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit,

    "-no-quit        disable SDL window close capability\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -no-quit

@findex -no-quit

Disable SDL window close capability.

ETEXI

DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl,

    "-sdl            enable SDL\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -sdl

@findex -sdl

Enable SDL.

ETEXI

DEF("spice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_spice,

    "-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]\n"

    "       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]\n"

    "       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]\n"

    "       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6]\n"

    "       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]\n"

    "       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n"

    "       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n"

    "       [,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]\n"

    "       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]\n"

    "       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n"

    "       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n"

    "       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]\n"

    "       [,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]\n"

    "       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]\n"

    "   enable spice\n"

    "   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory\n",

    QEMU_ARCH_ALL)

STEXI

@item -spice @var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]

@findex -spice

Enable the spice remote desktop protocol. Valid options are

@table @option

@item port=<nr>

Set the TCP port spice is listening on for plaintext channels.

@item addr=<addr>

Set the IP address spice is listening on.  Default is any address.

@item ipv4

@item ipv6

Force using the specified IP version.

@item password=<secret>

Set the password you need to authenticate.

@item sasl

Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the spice.

The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the

system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This

is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an

unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used

to make it search alternate locations for the service config.

While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI),

it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and

'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This

ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication

credentials.

@item disable-ticketing

Allow client connects without authentication.

@item disable-copy-paste

Disable copy paste between the client and the guest.

@item disable-agent-file-xfer

Disable spice-vdagent based file-xfer between the client and the guest.

@item tls-port=<nr>

Set the TCP port spice is listening on for encrypted channels.

@item x509-dir=<dir>

Set the x509 file directory. Expects same filenames as -vnc $display,x509=$dir

@item x509-key-file=<file>

@item x509-key-password=<file>

@item x509-cert-file=<file>

@item x509-cacert-file=<file>

@item x509-dh-key-file=<file>

The x509 file names can also be configured individually.

@item tls-ciphers=<list>

Specify which ciphers to use.

@item tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]

@item plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]

Force specific channel to be used with or without TLS encryption.  The

options can be specified multiple times to configure multiple

channels.  The special name "default" can be used to set the default

mode.  For channels which are not explicitly forced into one mode the

spice client is allowed to pick tls/plaintext as he pleases.