Archipelago » qemu

/*

 * QEMU USB OHCI Emulation

 * Copyright (c) 2004 Gianni Tedesco

 * Copyright (c) 2006 CodeSourcery

 * Copyright (c) 2006 Openedhand Ltd.

 *

 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public

 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either

 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 *

 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

 * Lesser General Public License for more details.

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public

 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 *

 * TODO:

 *  o Isochronous transfers

 *  o Allocate bandwidth in frames properly

 *  o Disable timers when nothing needs to be done, or remove timer usage

 *    all together.

 *  o Handle unrecoverable errors properly

 *  o BIOS work to boot from USB storage

*/

#include "hw/hw.h"

#include "qemu/timer.h"

#include "hw/usb.h"

#include "hw/pci/pci.h"

#include "hw/sysbus.h"

#include "hw/qdev-dma.h"

//#define DEBUG_OHCI

/* Dump packet contents.  */

//#define DEBUG_PACKET

//#define DEBUG_ISOCH

/* This causes frames to occur 1000x slower */

//#define OHCI_TIME_WARP 1

#ifdef DEBUG_OHCI

#define DPRINTF printf

#else

#define DPRINTF(...)

#endif

/* Number of Downstream Ports on the root hub.  */

#define OHCI_MAX_PORTS 15

static int64_t usb_frame_time;

static int64_t usb_bit_time;

typedef struct OHCIPort {

    USBPort port;

    uint32_t ctrl;

} OHCIPort;

typedef struct {

    USBBus bus;

    qemu_irq irq;

    MemoryRegion mem;

    DMAContext *dma;

    int num_ports;

    const char *name;

    QEMUTimer *eof_timer;

    int64_t sof_time;

    /* OHCI state */

    /* Control partition */

    uint32_t ctl, status;

    uint32_t intr_status;

    uint32_t intr;

    /* memory pointer partition */

    uint32_t hcca;

    uint32_t ctrl_head, ctrl_cur;

    uint32_t bulk_head, bulk_cur;

    uint32_t per_cur;

    uint32_t done;

    int done_count;

    /* Frame counter partition */

    uint32_t fsmps:15;

    uint32_t fit:1;

    uint32_t fi:14;

    uint32_t frt:1;

    uint16_t frame_number;

    uint16_t padding;

    uint32_t pstart;

    uint32_t lst;

    /* Root Hub partition */

    uint32_t rhdesc_a, rhdesc_b;

    uint32_t rhstatus;

    OHCIPort rhport[OHCI_MAX_PORTS];

    /* PXA27x Non-OHCI events */

    uint32_t hstatus;

    uint32_t hmask;

    uint32_t hreset;

    uint32_t htest;

    /* SM501 local memory offset */

    dma_addr_t localmem_base;

    /* Active packets.  */

    uint32_t old_ctl;

    USBPacket usb_packet;

    uint8_t usb_buf[8192];

    uint32_t async_td;

    int async_complete;

} OHCIState;

/* Host Controller Communications Area */

struct ohci_hcca {

    uint32_t intr[32];

    uint16_t frame, pad;

    uint32_t done;

};

#define HCCA_WRITEBACK_OFFSET   offsetof(struct ohci_hcca, frame)

#define HCCA_WRITEBACK_SIZE     8 /* frame, pad, done */

#define ED_WBACK_OFFSET offsetof(struct ohci_ed, head)

#define ED_WBACK_SIZE   4

static void ohci_bus_stop(OHCIState *ohci);

static void ohci_async_cancel_device(OHCIState *ohci, USBDevice *dev);

/* Bitfields for the first word of an Endpoint Desciptor.  */

#define OHCI_ED_FA_SHIFT  0

#define OHCI_ED_FA_MASK   (0x7f<<OHCI_ED_FA_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_ED_EN_SHIFT  7

#define OHCI_ED_EN_MASK   (0xf<<OHCI_ED_EN_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_ED_D_SHIFT   11

#define OHCI_ED_D_MASK    (3<<OHCI_ED_D_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_ED_S         (1<<13)

#define OHCI_ED_K         (1<<14)

#define OHCI_ED_F         (1<<15)

#define OHCI_ED_MPS_SHIFT 16

#define OHCI_ED_MPS_MASK  (0x7ff<<OHCI_ED_MPS_SHIFT)

/* Flags in the head field of an Endpoint Desciptor.  */

#define OHCI_ED_H         1

#define OHCI_ED_C         2

/* Bitfields for the first word of a Transfer Desciptor.  */

#define OHCI_TD_R         (1<<18)

#define OHCI_TD_DP_SHIFT  19

#define OHCI_TD_DP_MASK   (3<<OHCI_TD_DP_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_TD_DI_SHIFT  21

#define OHCI_TD_DI_MASK   (7<<OHCI_TD_DI_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_TD_T0        (1<<24)

#define OHCI_TD_T1        (1<<25)

#define OHCI_TD_EC_SHIFT  26

#define OHCI_TD_EC_MASK   (3<<OHCI_TD_EC_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_TD_CC_SHIFT  28

#define OHCI_TD_CC_MASK   (0xf<<OHCI_TD_CC_SHIFT)

/* Bitfields for the first word of an Isochronous Transfer Desciptor.  */

/* CC & DI - same as in the General Transfer Desciptor */

#define OHCI_TD_SF_SHIFT  0

#define OHCI_TD_SF_MASK   (0xffff<<OHCI_TD_SF_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_TD_FC_SHIFT  24

#define OHCI_TD_FC_MASK   (7<<OHCI_TD_FC_SHIFT)

/* Isochronous Transfer Desciptor - Offset / PacketStatusWord */

#define OHCI_TD_PSW_CC_SHIFT 12

#define OHCI_TD_PSW_CC_MASK  (0xf<<OHCI_TD_PSW_CC_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_TD_PSW_SIZE_SHIFT 0

#define OHCI_TD_PSW_SIZE_MASK  (0xfff<<OHCI_TD_PSW_SIZE_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_PAGE_MASK    0xfffff000

#define OHCI_OFFSET_MASK  0xfff

#define OHCI_DPTR_MASK    0xfffffff0

#define OHCI_BM(val, field) \

  (((val) & OHCI_##field##_MASK) >> OHCI_##field##_SHIFT)

#define OHCI_SET_BM(val, field, newval) do { \

    val &= ~OHCI_##field##_MASK; \

    val |= ((newval) << OHCI_##field##_SHIFT) & OHCI_##field##_MASK; \

    } while(0)

/* endpoint descriptor */

struct ohci_ed {

    uint32_t flags;

    uint32_t tail;

    uint32_t head;

    uint32_t next;

};

/* General transfer descriptor */

struct ohci_td {

    uint32_t flags;

    uint32_t cbp;

    uint32_t next;

    uint32_t be;

};

/* Isochronous transfer descriptor */

struct ohci_iso_td {

    uint32_t flags;

    uint32_t bp;

    uint32_t next;

    uint32_t be;

    uint16_t offset[8];

};

#define USB_HZ                      12000000

/* OHCI Local stuff */

#define OHCI_CTL_CBSR         ((1<<0)|(1<<1))

#define OHCI_CTL_PLE          (1<<2)

#define OHCI_CTL_IE           (1<<3)

#define OHCI_CTL_CLE          (1<<4)

#define OHCI_CTL_BLE          (1<<5)

#define OHCI_CTL_HCFS         ((1<<6)|(1<<7))

#define  OHCI_USB_RESET       0x00

#define  OHCI_USB_RESUME      0x40

#define  OHCI_USB_OPERATIONAL 0x80

#define  OHCI_USB_SUSPEND     0xc0

#define OHCI_CTL_IR           (1<<8)

#define OHCI_CTL_RWC          (1<<9)

#define OHCI_CTL_RWE          (1<<10)

#define OHCI_STATUS_HCR       (1<<0)

#define OHCI_STATUS_CLF       (1<<1)

#define OHCI_STATUS_BLF       (1<<2)

#define OHCI_STATUS_OCR       (1<<3)

#define OHCI_STATUS_SOC       ((1<<6)|(1<<7))

#define OHCI_INTR_SO          (1<<0) /* Scheduling overrun */

#define OHCI_INTR_WD          (1<<1) /* HcDoneHead writeback */

#define OHCI_INTR_SF          (1<<2) /* Start of frame */

#define OHCI_INTR_RD          (1<<3) /* Resume detect */

#define OHCI_INTR_UE          (1<<4) /* Unrecoverable error */

#define OHCI_INTR_FNO         (1<<5) /* Frame number overflow */

#define OHCI_INTR_RHSC        (1<<6) /* Root hub status change */

#define OHCI_INTR_OC          (1<<30) /* Ownership change */

#define OHCI_INTR_MIE         (1<<31) /* Master Interrupt Enable */

#define OHCI_HCCA_SIZE        0x100

#define OHCI_HCCA_MASK        0xffffff00

#define OHCI_EDPTR_MASK       0xfffffff0

#define OHCI_FMI_FI           0x00003fff

#define OHCI_FMI_FSMPS        0xffff0000

#define OHCI_FMI_FIT          0x80000000

#define OHCI_FR_RT            (1<<31)

#define OHCI_LS_THRESH        0x628

#define OHCI_RHA_RW_MASK      0x00000000 /* Mask of supported features.  */

#define OHCI_RHA_PSM          (1<<8)

#define OHCI_RHA_NPS          (1<<9)

#define OHCI_RHA_DT           (1<<10)

#define OHCI_RHA_OCPM         (1<<11)

#define OHCI_RHA_NOCP         (1<<12)

#define OHCI_RHA_POTPGT_MASK  0xff000000

#define OHCI_RHS_LPS          (1<<0)

#define OHCI_RHS_OCI          (1<<1)

#define OHCI_RHS_DRWE         (1<<15)

#define OHCI_RHS_LPSC         (1<<16)

#define OHCI_RHS_OCIC         (1<<17)

#define OHCI_RHS_CRWE         (1<<31)

#define OHCI_PORT_CCS         (1<<0)

#define OHCI_PORT_PES         (1<<1)

#define OHCI_PORT_PSS         (1<<2)

#define OHCI_PORT_POCI        (1<<3)

#define OHCI_PORT_PRS         (1<<4)

#define OHCI_PORT_PPS         (1<<8)

#define OHCI_PORT_LSDA        (1<<9)

#define OHCI_PORT_CSC         (1<<16)

#define OHCI_PORT_PESC        (1<<17)

#define OHCI_PORT_PSSC        (1<<18)

#define OHCI_PORT_OCIC        (1<<19)

#define OHCI_PORT_PRSC        (1<<20)

#define OHCI_PORT_WTC         (OHCI_PORT_CSC|OHCI_PORT_PESC|OHCI_PORT_PSSC \

                               |OHCI_PORT_OCIC|OHCI_PORT_PRSC)

#define OHCI_TD_DIR_SETUP     0x0

#define OHCI_TD_DIR_OUT       0x1

#define OHCI_TD_DIR_IN        0x2

#define OHCI_TD_DIR_RESERVED  0x3

#define OHCI_CC_NOERROR             0x0

#define OHCI_CC_CRC                 0x1

#define OHCI_CC_BITSTUFFING         0x2

#define OHCI_CC_DATATOGGLEMISMATCH  0x3

#define OHCI_CC_STALL               0x4

#define OHCI_CC_DEVICENOTRESPONDING 0x5

#define OHCI_CC_PIDCHECKFAILURE     0x6

#define OHCI_CC_UNDEXPETEDPID       0x7

#define OHCI_CC_DATAOVERRUN         0x8

#define OHCI_CC_DATAUNDERRUN        0x9

#define OHCI_CC_BUFFEROVERRUN       0xc

#define OHCI_CC_BUFFERUNDERRUN      0xd

#define OHCI_HRESET_FSBIR       (1 << 0)

/* Update IRQ levels */

static inline void ohci_intr_update(OHCIState *ohci)

{

    int level = 0;

    if ((ohci->intr & OHCI_INTR_MIE) &&

        (ohci->intr_status & ohci->intr))

        level = 1;

    qemu_set_irq(ohci->irq, level);

}

/* Set an interrupt */

static inline void ohci_set_interrupt(OHCIState *ohci, uint32_t intr)

{

    ohci->intr_status |= intr;

    ohci_intr_update(ohci);

}

/* Attach or detach a device on a root hub port.  */

static void ohci_attach(USBPort *port1)

{

    OHCIState *s = port1->opaque;

    OHCIPort *port = &s->rhport[port1->index];

    uint32_t old_state = port->ctrl;

    /* set connect status */

    port->ctrl |= OHCI_PORT_CCS | OHCI_PORT_CSC;

    /* update speed */

    if (port->port.dev->speed == USB_SPEED_LOW) {

        port->ctrl |= OHCI_PORT_LSDA;

    } else {

        port->ctrl &= ~OHCI_PORT_LSDA;

    }

    /* notify of remote-wakeup */

    if ((s->ctl & OHCI_CTL_HCFS) == OHCI_USB_SUSPEND) {

        ohci_set_interrupt(s, OHCI_INTR_RD);

    }

    DPRINTF("usb-ohci: Attached port %d\n", port1->index);

    if (old_state != port->ctrl) {

        ohci_set_interrupt(s, OHCI_INTR_RHSC);

    }

}

static void ohci_detach(USBPort *port1)

{

    OHCIState *s = port1->opaque;

    OHCIPort *port = &s->rhport[port1->index];

    uint32_t old_state = port->ctrl;

    ohci_async_cancel_device(s, port1->dev);

    /* set connect status */

    if (port->ctrl & OHCI_PORT_CCS) {

        port->ctrl &= ~OHCI_PORT_CCS;

        port->ctrl |= OHCI_PORT_CSC;

    }

    /* disable port */

    if (port->ctrl & OHCI_PORT_PES) {

        port->ctrl &= ~OHCI_PORT_PES;

        port->ctrl |= OHCI_PORT_PESC;

    }

    DPRINTF("usb-ohci: Detached port %d\n", port1->index);

    if (old_state != port->ctrl) {

        ohci_set_interrupt(s, OHCI_INTR_RHSC);

    }

}

static void ohci_wakeup(USBPort *port1)

{

    OHCIState *s = port1->opaque;

    OHCIPort *port = &s->rhport[port1->index];

    uint32_t intr = 0;

    if (port->ctrl & OHCI_PORT_PSS) {

        DPRINTF("usb-ohci: port %d: wakeup\n", port1->index);

        port->ctrl |= OHCI_PORT_PSSC;

        port->ctrl &= ~OHCI_PORT_PSS;

        intr = OHCI_INTR_RHSC;

    }

    /* Note that the controller can be suspended even if this port is not */

    if ((s->ctl & OHCI_CTL_HCFS) == OHCI_USB_SUSPEND) {

        DPRINTF("usb-ohci: remote-wakeup: SUSPEND->RESUME\n");

        /* This is the one state transition the controller can do by itself */

        s->ctl &= ~OHCI_CTL_HCFS;

        s->ctl |= OHCI_USB_RESUME;

        /* In suspend mode only ResumeDetected is possible, not RHSC:

         * see the OHCI spec 5.1.2.3.

         */

        intr = OHCI_INTR_RD;

    }

    ohci_set_interrupt(s, intr);

}

static void ohci_child_detach(USBPort *port1, USBDevice *child)

{

    OHCIState *s = port1->opaque;

    ohci_async_cancel_device(s, child);

}

static USBDevice *ohci_find_device(OHCIState *ohci, uint8_t addr)

{

    USBDevice *dev;

    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < ohci->num_ports; i++) {

        if ((ohci->rhport[i].ctrl & OHCI_PORT_PES) == 0) {

            continue;

        }

        dev = usb_find_device(&ohci->rhport[i].port, addr);

        if (dev != NULL) {

            return dev;

        }

    }

    return NULL;

}

static void ohci_stop_endpoints(OHCIState *ohci)

{

    USBDevice *dev;

    int i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < ohci->num_ports; i++) {

        dev = ohci->rhport[i].port.dev;

        if (dev && dev->attached) {

            usb_device_ep_stopped(dev, &dev->ep_ctl);

            for (j = 0; j < USB_MAX_ENDPOINTS; j++) {

                usb_device_ep_stopped(dev, &dev->ep_in[j]);

                usb_device_ep_stopped(dev, &dev->ep_out[j]);

            }

        }

    }

}

/* Reset the controller */

static void ohci_reset(void *opaque)

{

    OHCIState *ohci = opaque;

    OHCIPort *port;

    int i;

    ohci_bus_stop(ohci);

    ohci->ctl = 0;

    ohci->old_ctl = 0;

    ohci->status = 0;

    ohci->intr_status = 0;

    ohci->intr = OHCI_INTR_MIE;

    ohci->hcca = 0;

    ohci->ctrl_head = ohci->ctrl_cur = 0;

    ohci->bulk_head = ohci->bulk_cur = 0;

    ohci->per_cur = 0;

    ohci->done = 0;

    ohci->done_count = 7;

    /* FSMPS is marked TBD in OCHI 1.0, what gives ffs?

     * I took the value linux sets ...

     */

    ohci->fsmps = 0x2778;

    ohci->fi = 0x2edf;

    ohci->fit = 0;

    ohci->frt = 0;

    ohci->frame_number = 0;

    ohci->pstart = 0;

    ohci->lst = OHCI_LS_THRESH;

    ohci->rhdesc_a = OHCI_RHA_NPS | ohci->num_ports;

    ohci->rhdesc_b = 0x0; /* Impl. specific */

    ohci->rhstatus = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < ohci->num_ports; i++)

      {

        port = &ohci->rhport[i];

        port->ctrl = 0;

        if (port->port.dev && port->port.dev->attached) {

            usb_port_reset(&port->port);

        }

      }

    if (ohci->async_td) {

        usb_cancel_packet(&ohci->usb_packet);

        ohci->async_td = 0;

    }

    ohci_stop_endpoints(ohci);

    DPRINTF("usb-ohci: Reset %s\n", ohci->name);

}

/* Get an array of dwords from main memory */

static inline int get_dwords(OHCIState *ohci,

                             dma_addr_t addr, uint32_t *buf, int num)

{

    int i;

    addr += ohci->localmem_base;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++, buf++, addr += sizeof(*buf)) {

        dma_memory_read(ohci->dma, addr, buf, sizeof(*buf));

        *buf = le32_to_cpu(*buf);

    }

    return 1;

}

/* Put an array of dwords in to main memory */

static inline int put_dwords(OHCIState *ohci,

                             dma_addr_t addr, uint32_t *buf, int num)

{

    int i;

    addr += ohci->localmem_base;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++, buf++, addr += sizeof(*buf)) {

        uint32_t tmp = cpu_to_le32(*buf);

        dma_memory_write(ohci->dma, addr, &tmp, sizeof(tmp));

    }

    return 1;

}

/* Get an array of words from main memory */

static inline int get_words(OHCIState *ohci,

                            dma_addr_t addr, uint16_t *buf, int num)

{

    int i;

    addr += ohci->localmem_base;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++, buf++, addr += sizeof(*buf)) {

        dma_memory_read(ohci->dma, addr, buf, sizeof(*buf));

        *buf = le16_to_cpu(*buf);

    }

    return 1;

}

/* Put an array of words in to main memory */

static inline int put_words(OHCIState *ohci,

                            dma_addr_t addr, uint16_t *buf, int num)

{

    int i;

    addr += ohci->localmem_base;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++, buf++, addr += sizeof(*buf)) {

        uint16_t tmp = cpu_to_le16(*buf);

        dma_memory_write(ohci->dma, addr, &tmp, sizeof(tmp));

    }

    return 1;

}

static inline int ohci_read_ed(OHCIState *ohci,

                               dma_addr_t addr, struct ohci_ed *ed)

{

    return get_dwords(ohci, addr, (uint32_t *)ed, sizeof(*ed) >> 2);

}

static inline int ohci_read_td(OHCIState *ohci,

                               dma_addr_t addr, struct ohci_td *td)

{

    return get_dwords(ohci, addr, (uint32_t *)td, sizeof(*td) >> 2);

}

static inline int ohci_read_iso_td(OHCIState *ohci,

                                   dma_addr_t addr, struct ohci_iso_td *td)

{

    return (get_dwords(ohci, addr, (uint32_t *)td, 4) &&

            get_words(ohci, addr + 16, td->offset, 8));

}

static inline int ohci_read_hcca(OHCIState *ohci,

                                 dma_addr_t addr, struct ohci_hcca *hcca)

{

    dma_memory_read(ohci->dma, addr + ohci->localmem_base, hcca, sizeof(*hcca));

    return 1;

}

static inline int ohci_put_ed(OHCIState *ohci,

                              dma_addr_t addr, struct ohci_ed *ed)

{

    /* ed->tail is under control of the HCD.

     * Since just ed->head is changed by HC, just write back this

     */

    return put_dwords(ohci, addr + ED_WBACK_OFFSET,

                      (uint32_t *)((char *)ed + ED_WBACK_OFFSET),

                      ED_WBACK_SIZE >> 2);

}

static inline int ohci_put_td(OHCIState *ohci,

                              dma_addr_t addr, struct ohci_td *td)

{

    return put_dwords(ohci, addr, (uint32_t *)td, sizeof(*td) >> 2);

}

static inline int ohci_put_iso_td(OHCIState *ohci,

                                  dma_addr_t addr, struct ohci_iso_td *td)

{

    return (put_dwords(ohci, addr, (uint32_t *)td, 4) &&

            put_words(ohci, addr + 16, td->offset, 8));

}

static inline int ohci_put_hcca(OHCIState *ohci,

                                dma_addr_t addr, struct ohci_hcca *hcca)

{

    dma_memory_write(ohci->dma,

                     addr + ohci->localmem_base + HCCA_WRITEBACK_OFFSET,

                     (char *)hcca + HCCA_WRITEBACK_OFFSET,

                     HCCA_WRITEBACK_SIZE);

    return 1;

}

/* Read/Write the contents of a TD from/to main memory.  */

static void ohci_copy_td(OHCIState *ohci, struct ohci_td *td,

                         uint8_t *buf, int len, DMADirection dir)

{

    dma_addr_t ptr, n;

    ptr = td->cbp;

    n = 0x1000 - (ptr & 0xfff);

    if (n > len)

        n = len;

    dma_memory_rw(ohci->dma, ptr + ohci->localmem_base, buf, n, dir);

    if (n == len)

        return;

    ptr = td->be & ~0xfffu;

    buf += n;

    dma_memory_rw(ohci->dma, ptr + ohci->localmem_base, buf, len - n, dir);

}

/* Read/Write the contents of an ISO TD from/to main memory.  */

static void ohci_copy_iso_td(OHCIState *ohci,

                             uint32_t start_addr, uint32_t end_addr,

                             uint8_t *buf, int len, DMADirection dir)

{

    dma_addr_t ptr, n;

    ptr = start_addr;

    n = 0x1000 - (ptr & 0xfff);

    if (n > len)

        n = len;

    dma_memory_rw(ohci->dma, ptr + ohci->localmem_base, buf, n, dir);

    if (n == len)

        return;

    ptr = end_addr & ~0xfffu;

    buf += n;

    dma_memory_rw(ohci->dma, ptr + ohci->localmem_base, buf, len - n, dir);

}

static void ohci_process_lists(OHCIState *ohci, int completion);

static void ohci_async_complete_packet(USBPort *port, USBPacket *packet)

{

    OHCIState *ohci = container_of(packet, OHCIState, usb_packet);

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

    DPRINTF("Async packet complete\n");

#endif

    ohci->async_complete = 1;

    ohci_process_lists(ohci, 1);

}

#define USUB(a, b) ((int16_t)((uint16_t)(a) - (uint16_t)(b)))

static int ohci_service_iso_td(OHCIState *ohci, struct ohci_ed *ed,

                               int completion)

{

    int dir;

    size_t len = 0;

#ifdef DEBUG_ISOCH

    const char *str = NULL;

#endif

    int pid;

    int ret;

    int i;

    USBDevice *dev;

    USBEndpoint *ep;

    struct ohci_iso_td iso_td;

    uint32_t addr;

    uint16_t starting_frame;

    int16_t relative_frame_number;

    int frame_count;

    uint32_t start_offset, next_offset, end_offset = 0;

    uint32_t start_addr, end_addr;

    addr = ed->head & OHCI_DPTR_MASK;

    if (!ohci_read_iso_td(ohci, addr, &iso_td)) {

        printf("usb-ohci: ISO_TD read error at %x\n", addr);

        return 0;

    }

    starting_frame = OHCI_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_SF);

    frame_count = OHCI_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_FC);

    relative_frame_number = USUB(ohci->frame_number, starting_frame); 

#ifdef DEBUG_ISOCH

    printf("--- ISO_TD ED head 0x%.8x tailp 0x%.8x\n"

           "0x%.8x 0x%.8x 0x%.8x 0x%.8x\n"

           "0x%.8x 0x%.8x 0x%.8x 0x%.8x\n"

           "0x%.8x 0x%.8x 0x%.8x 0x%.8x\n"

           "frame_number 0x%.8x starting_frame 0x%.8x\n"

           "frame_count  0x%.8x relative %d\n"

           "di 0x%.8x cc 0x%.8x\n",

           ed->head & OHCI_DPTR_MASK, ed->tail & OHCI_DPTR_MASK,

           iso_td.flags, iso_td.bp, iso_td.next, iso_td.be,

           iso_td.offset[0], iso_td.offset[1], iso_td.offset[2], iso_td.offset[3],

           iso_td.offset[4], iso_td.offset[5], iso_td.offset[6], iso_td.offset[7],

           ohci->frame_number, starting_frame, 

           frame_count, relative_frame_number,         

           OHCI_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_DI), OHCI_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_CC));

#endif

    if (relative_frame_number < 0) {

        DPRINTF("usb-ohci: ISO_TD R=%d < 0\n", relative_frame_number);

        return 1;

    } else if (relative_frame_number > frame_count) {

        /* ISO TD expired - retire the TD to the Done Queue and continue with

           the next ISO TD of the same ED */

        DPRINTF("usb-ohci: ISO_TD R=%d > FC=%d\n", relative_frame_number, 

               frame_count);

        OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_CC, OHCI_CC_DATAOVERRUN);

        ed->head &= ~OHCI_DPTR_MASK;

        ed->head |= (iso_td.next & OHCI_DPTR_MASK);

        iso_td.next = ohci->done;

        ohci->done = addr;

        i = OHCI_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_DI);

        if (i < ohci->done_count)

            ohci->done_count = i;

        ohci_put_iso_td(ohci, addr, &iso_td);

        return 0;

    }

    dir = OHCI_BM(ed->flags, ED_D);

    switch (dir) {

    case OHCI_TD_DIR_IN:

#ifdef DEBUG_ISOCH

        str = "in";

#endif

        pid = USB_TOKEN_IN;

        break;

    case OHCI_TD_DIR_OUT:

#ifdef DEBUG_ISOCH

        str = "out";

#endif

        pid = USB_TOKEN_OUT;

        break;

    case OHCI_TD_DIR_SETUP:

#ifdef DEBUG_ISOCH

        str = "setup";

#endif

        pid = USB_TOKEN_SETUP;

        break;

    default:

        printf("usb-ohci: Bad direction %d\n", dir);

        return 1;

    }

    if (!iso_td.bp || !iso_td.be) {

        printf("usb-ohci: ISO_TD bp 0x%.8x be 0x%.8x\n", iso_td.bp, iso_td.be);

        return 1;

    }

    start_offset = iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number];

    next_offset = iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number + 1];

    if (!(OHCI_BM(start_offset, TD_PSW_CC) & 0xe) || 

        ((relative_frame_number < frame_count) && 

         !(OHCI_BM(next_offset, TD_PSW_CC) & 0xe))) {

        printf("usb-ohci: ISO_TD cc != not accessed 0x%.8x 0x%.8x\n",

               start_offset, next_offset);

        return 1;

    }

    if ((relative_frame_number < frame_count) && (start_offset > next_offset)) {

        printf("usb-ohci: ISO_TD start_offset=0x%.8x > next_offset=0x%.8x\n",

                start_offset, next_offset);

        return 1;

    }

    if ((start_offset & 0x1000) == 0) {

        start_addr = (iso_td.bp & OHCI_PAGE_MASK) |

            (start_offset & OHCI_OFFSET_MASK);

    } else {

        start_addr = (iso_td.be & OHCI_PAGE_MASK) |

            (start_offset & OHCI_OFFSET_MASK);

    }

    if (relative_frame_number < frame_count) {

        end_offset = next_offset - 1;

        if ((end_offset & 0x1000) == 0) {

            end_addr = (iso_td.bp & OHCI_PAGE_MASK) |

                (end_offset & OHCI_OFFSET_MASK);

        } else {

            end_addr = (iso_td.be & OHCI_PAGE_MASK) |

                (end_offset & OHCI_OFFSET_MASK);

        }

    } else {

        /* Last packet in the ISO TD */

        end_addr = iso_td.be;

    }

    if ((start_addr & OHCI_PAGE_MASK) != (end_addr & OHCI_PAGE_MASK)) {

        len = (end_addr & OHCI_OFFSET_MASK) + 0x1001

            - (start_addr & OHCI_OFFSET_MASK);

    } else {

        len = end_addr - start_addr + 1;

    }

    if (len && dir != OHCI_TD_DIR_IN) {

        ohci_copy_iso_td(ohci, start_addr, end_addr, ohci->usb_buf, len,

                         DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE);

    }

    if (!completion) {

        bool int_req = relative_frame_number == frame_count &&

                       OHCI_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_DI) == 0;

        dev = ohci_find_device(ohci, OHCI_BM(ed->flags, ED_FA));

        ep = usb_ep_get(dev, pid, OHCI_BM(ed->flags, ED_EN));

        usb_packet_setup(&ohci->usb_packet, pid, ep, addr, false, int_req);

        usb_packet_addbuf(&ohci->usb_packet, ohci->usb_buf, len);

        usb_handle_packet(dev, &ohci->usb_packet);

        if (ohci->usb_packet.status == USB_RET_ASYNC) {

            usb_device_flush_ep_queue(dev, ep);

            return 1;

        }

    }

    if (ohci->usb_packet.status == USB_RET_SUCCESS) {

        ret = ohci->usb_packet.actual_length;

    } else {

        ret = ohci->usb_packet.status;

    }

#ifdef DEBUG_ISOCH

    printf("so 0x%.8x eo 0x%.8x\nsa 0x%.8x ea 0x%.8x\ndir %s len %zu ret %d\n",

           start_offset, end_offset, start_addr, end_addr, str, len, ret);

#endif

    /* Writeback */

    if (dir == OHCI_TD_DIR_IN && ret >= 0 && ret <= len) {

        /* IN transfer succeeded */

        ohci_copy_iso_td(ohci, start_addr, end_addr, ohci->usb_buf, ret,

                         DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE);

        OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_CC,

                    OHCI_CC_NOERROR);

        OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_SIZE, ret);

    } else if (dir == OHCI_TD_DIR_OUT && ret == len) {

        /* OUT transfer succeeded */

        OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_CC,

                    OHCI_CC_NOERROR);

        OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_SIZE, 0);

    } else {

        if (ret > (ssize_t) len) {

            printf("usb-ohci: DataOverrun %d > %zu\n", ret, len);

            OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_CC,

                        OHCI_CC_DATAOVERRUN);

            OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_SIZE,

                        len);

        } else if (ret >= 0) {

            printf("usb-ohci: DataUnderrun %d\n", ret);

            OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_CC,

                        OHCI_CC_DATAUNDERRUN);

        } else {

            switch (ret) {

            case USB_RET_IOERROR:

            case USB_RET_NODEV:

                OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_CC,

                            OHCI_CC_DEVICENOTRESPONDING);

                OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_SIZE,

                            0);

                break;

            case USB_RET_NAK:

            case USB_RET_STALL:

                printf("usb-ohci: got NAK/STALL %d\n", ret);

                OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_CC,

                            OHCI_CC_STALL);

                OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_SIZE,

                            0);

                break;

            default:

                printf("usb-ohci: Bad device response %d\n", ret);

                OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.offset[relative_frame_number], TD_PSW_CC,

                            OHCI_CC_UNDEXPETEDPID);

                break;

            }

        }

    }

    if (relative_frame_number == frame_count) {

        /* Last data packet of ISO TD - retire the TD to the Done Queue */

        OHCI_SET_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_CC, OHCI_CC_NOERROR);

        ed->head &= ~OHCI_DPTR_MASK;

        ed->head |= (iso_td.next & OHCI_DPTR_MASK);

        iso_td.next = ohci->done;

        ohci->done = addr;

        i = OHCI_BM(iso_td.flags, TD_DI);

        if (i < ohci->done_count)

            ohci->done_count = i;

    }

    ohci_put_iso_td(ohci, addr, &iso_td);

    return 1;

}

/* Service a transport descriptor.

   Returns nonzero to terminate processing of this endpoint.  */

static int ohci_service_td(OHCIState *ohci, struct ohci_ed *ed)

{

    int dir;

    size_t len = 0, pktlen = 0;

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

    const char *str = NULL;

#endif

    int pid;

    int ret;

    int i;

    USBDevice *dev;

    USBEndpoint *ep;

    struct ohci_td td;

    uint32_t addr;

    int flag_r;

    int completion;

    addr = ed->head & OHCI_DPTR_MASK;

    /* See if this TD has already been submitted to the device.  */

    completion = (addr == ohci->async_td);

    if (completion && !ohci->async_complete) {

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

        DPRINTF("Skipping async TD\n");

#endif

        return 1;

    }

    if (!ohci_read_td(ohci, addr, &td)) {

        fprintf(stderr, "usb-ohci: TD read error at %x\n", addr);

        return 0;

    }

    dir = OHCI_BM(ed->flags, ED_D);

    switch (dir) {

    case OHCI_TD_DIR_OUT:

    case OHCI_TD_DIR_IN:

        /* Same value.  */

        break;

    default:

        dir = OHCI_BM(td.flags, TD_DP);

        break;

    }

    switch (dir) {

    case OHCI_TD_DIR_IN:

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

        str = "in";

#endif

        pid = USB_TOKEN_IN;

        break;

    case OHCI_TD_DIR_OUT:

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

        str = "out";

#endif

        pid = USB_TOKEN_OUT;

        break;

    case OHCI_TD_DIR_SETUP:

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

        str = "setup";

#endif

        pid = USB_TOKEN_SETUP;

        break;

    default:

        fprintf(stderr, "usb-ohci: Bad direction\n");

        return 1;

    }

    if (td.cbp && td.be) {

        if ((td.cbp & 0xfffff000) != (td.be & 0xfffff000)) {

            len = (td.be & 0xfff) + 0x1001 - (td.cbp & 0xfff);

        } else {

            len = (td.be - td.cbp) + 1;

        }

        pktlen = len;

        if (len && dir != OHCI_TD_DIR_IN) {

            /* The endpoint may not allow us to transfer it all now */

            pktlen = (ed->flags & OHCI_ED_MPS_MASK) >> OHCI_ED_MPS_SHIFT;

            if (pktlen > len) {

                pktlen = len;

            }

            if (!completion) {

                ohci_copy_td(ohci, &td, ohci->usb_buf, pktlen,

                             DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE);

            }

        }

    }

    flag_r = (td.flags & OHCI_TD_R) != 0;

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

    DPRINTF(" TD @ 0x%.8x %" PRId64 " of %" PRId64

            " bytes %s r=%d cbp=0x%.8x be=0x%.8x\n",

            addr, (int64_t)pktlen, (int64_t)len, str, flag_r, td.cbp, td.be);

    if (pktlen > 0 && dir != OHCI_TD_DIR_IN) {

        DPRINTF("  data:");

        for (i = 0; i < pktlen; i++) {

            printf(" %.2x", ohci->usb_buf[i]);

        }

        DPRINTF("\n");

    }

#endif

    if (completion) {

        ohci->async_td = 0;

        ohci->async_complete = 0;

    } else {

        if (ohci->async_td) {

            /* ??? The hardware should allow one active packet per

               endpoint.  We only allow one active packet per controller.

               This should be sufficient as long as devices respond in a

               timely manner.

            */

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

            DPRINTF("Too many pending packets\n");

#endif

            return 1;

        }

        dev = ohci_find_device(ohci, OHCI_BM(ed->flags, ED_FA));

        ep = usb_ep_get(dev, pid, OHCI_BM(ed->flags, ED_EN));

        usb_packet_setup(&ohci->usb_packet, pid, ep, addr, !flag_r,

                         OHCI_BM(td.flags, TD_DI) == 0);

        usb_packet_addbuf(&ohci->usb_packet, ohci->usb_buf, pktlen);

        usb_handle_packet(dev, &ohci->usb_packet);

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

        DPRINTF("status=%d\n", ohci->usb_packet.status);

#endif

        if (ohci->usb_packet.status == USB_RET_ASYNC) {

            usb_device_flush_ep_queue(dev, ep);

            ohci->async_td = addr;

            return 1;

        }

    }

    if (ohci->usb_packet.status == USB_RET_SUCCESS) {

        ret = ohci->usb_packet.actual_length;

    } else {

        ret = ohci->usb_packet.status;

    }

    if (ret >= 0) {

        if (dir == OHCI_TD_DIR_IN) {

            ohci_copy_td(ohci, &td, ohci->usb_buf, ret,

                         DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE);

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

            DPRINTF("  data:");

            for (i = 0; i < ret; i++)

                printf(" %.2x", ohci->usb_buf[i]);

            DPRINTF("\n");

#endif

        } else {

            ret = pktlen;

        }

    }

    /* Writeback */

    if (ret == pktlen || (dir == OHCI_TD_DIR_IN && ret >= 0 && flag_r)) {

        /* Transmission succeeded.  */

        if (ret == len) {

            td.cbp = 0;

        } else {

            if ((td.cbp & 0xfff) + ret > 0xfff) {

                td.cbp = (td.be & ~0xfff) + ((td.cbp + ret) & 0xfff);

            } else {

                td.cbp += ret;

            }

        }

        td.flags |= OHCI_TD_T1;

        td.flags ^= OHCI_TD_T0;

        OHCI_SET_BM(td.flags, TD_CC, OHCI_CC_NOERROR);

        OHCI_SET_BM(td.flags, TD_EC, 0);

        if ((dir != OHCI_TD_DIR_IN) && (ret != len)) {

            /* Partial packet transfer: TD not ready to retire yet */

            goto exit_no_retire;

        }

        /* Setting ED_C is part of the TD retirement process */

        ed->head &= ~OHCI_ED_C;

        if (td.flags & OHCI_TD_T0)

            ed->head |= OHCI_ED_C;

    } else {

        if (ret >= 0) {

            DPRINTF("usb-ohci: Underrun\n");

            OHCI_SET_BM(td.flags, TD_CC, OHCI_CC_DATAUNDERRUN);

        } else {

            switch (ret) {

            case USB_RET_IOERROR:

            case USB_RET_NODEV:

                OHCI_SET_BM(td.flags, TD_CC, OHCI_CC_DEVICENOTRESPONDING);

            case USB_RET_NAK:

                DPRINTF("usb-ohci: got NAK\n");

                return 1;

            case USB_RET_STALL:

                DPRINTF("usb-ohci: got STALL\n");

                OHCI_SET_BM(td.flags, TD_CC, OHCI_CC_STALL);

                break;

            case USB_RET_BABBLE:

                DPRINTF("usb-ohci: got BABBLE\n");

                OHCI_SET_BM(td.flags, TD_CC, OHCI_CC_DATAOVERRUN);

                break;

            default:

                fprintf(stderr, "usb-ohci: Bad device response %d\n", ret);

                OHCI_SET_BM(td.flags, TD_CC, OHCI_CC_UNDEXPETEDPID);

                OHCI_SET_BM(td.flags, TD_EC, 3);

                break;

            }

        }

        ed->head |= OHCI_ED_H;

    }

    /* Retire this TD */

    ed->head &= ~OHCI_DPTR_MASK;

    ed->head |= td.next & OHCI_DPTR_MASK;

    td.next = ohci->done;

    ohci->done = addr;

    i = OHCI_BM(td.flags, TD_DI);

    if (i < ohci->done_count)

        ohci->done_count = i;

exit_no_retire:

    ohci_put_td(ohci, addr, &td);

    return OHCI_BM(td.flags, TD_CC) != OHCI_CC_NOERROR;

}

/* Service an endpoint list.  Returns nonzero if active TD were found.  */

static int ohci_service_ed_list(OHCIState *ohci, uint32_t head, int completion)

{

    struct ohci_ed ed;

    uint32_t next_ed;

    uint32_t cur;

    int active;

    active = 0;

    if (head == 0)

        return 0;

    for (cur = head; cur; cur = next_ed) {

        if (!ohci_read_ed(ohci, cur, &ed)) {

            fprintf(stderr, "usb-ohci: ED read error at %x\n", cur);

            return 0;

        }

        next_ed = ed.next & OHCI_DPTR_MASK;

        if ((ed.head & OHCI_ED_H) || (ed.flags & OHCI_ED_K)) {

            uint32_t addr;

            /* Cancel pending packets for ED that have been paused.  */

            addr = ed.head & OHCI_DPTR_MASK;

            if (ohci->async_td && addr == ohci->async_td) {

                usb_cancel_packet(&ohci->usb_packet);

                ohci->async_td = 0;

                usb_device_ep_stopped(ohci->usb_packet.ep->dev,

                                      ohci->usb_packet.ep);

            }

            continue;

        }

        while ((ed.head & OHCI_DPTR_MASK) != ed.tail) {

#ifdef DEBUG_PACKET

            DPRINTF("ED @ 0x%.8x fa=%u en=%u d=%u s=%u k=%u f=%u mps=%u "

                    "h=%u c=%u\n  head=0x%.8x tailp=0x%.8x next=0x%.8x\n", cur,

                    OHCI_BM(ed.flags, ED_FA), OHCI_BM(ed.flags, ED_EN),

                    OHCI_BM(ed.flags, ED_D), (ed.flags & OHCI_ED_S)!= 0,

                    (ed.flags & OHCI_ED_K) != 0, (ed.flags & OHCI_ED_F) != 0,

                    OHCI_BM(ed.flags, ED_MPS), (ed.head & OHCI_ED_H) != 0,

                    (ed.head & OHCI_ED_C) != 0, ed.head & OHCI_DPTR_MASK,

                    ed.tail & OHCI_DPTR_MASK, ed.next & OHCI_DPTR_MASK);

#endif

            active = 1;

            if ((ed.flags & OHCI_ED_F) == 0) {

                if (ohci_service_td(ohci, &ed))

                    break;

            } else {

                /* Handle isochronous endpoints */

                if (ohci_service_iso_td(ohci, &ed, completion))

                    break;

            }

        }

        ohci_put_ed(ohci, cur, &ed);

    }

    return active;

}

/* Generate a SOF event, and set a timer for EOF */

static void ohci_sof(OHCIState *ohci)

{

    ohci->sof_time = qemu_get_clock_ns(vm_clock);

    qemu_mod_timer(ohci->eof_timer, ohci->sof_time + usb_frame_time);

    ohci_set_interrupt(ohci, OHCI_INTR_SF);

}

/* Process Control and Bulk lists.  */

static void ohci_process_lists(OHCIState *ohci, int completion)

{

    if ((ohci->ctl & OHCI_CTL_CLE) && (ohci->status & OHCI_STATUS_CLF)) {

        if (ohci->ctrl_cur && ohci->ctrl_cur != ohci->ctrl_head) {

            DPRINTF("usb-ohci: head %x, cur %x\n",

                    ohci->ctrl_head, ohci->ctrl_cur);

        }

        if (!ohci_service_ed_list(ohci, ohci->ctrl_head, completion)) {

            ohci->ctrl_cur = 0;

            ohci->status &= ~OHCI_STATUS_CLF;

        }

    }

    if ((ohci->ctl & OHCI_CTL_BLE) && (ohci->status & OHCI_STATUS_BLF)) {

        if (!ohci_service_ed_list(ohci, ohci->bulk_head, completion)) {

            ohci->bulk_cur = 0;

            ohci->status &= ~OHCI_STATUS_BLF;

        }

    }

}

/* Do frame processing on frame boundary */

static void ohci_frame_boundary(void *opaque)

{

    OHCIState *ohci = opaque;

    struct ohci_hcca hcca;

    ohci_read_hcca(ohci, ohci->hcca, &hcca);

    /* Process all the lists at the end of the frame */

    if (ohci->ctl & OHCI_CTL_PLE) {

        int n;

        n = ohci->frame_number & 0x1f;

        ohci_service_ed_list(ohci, le32_to_cpu(hcca.intr[n]), 0);

    }

    /* Cancel all pending packets if either of the lists has been disabled.  */

    if (ohci->old_ctl & (~ohci->ctl) & (OHCI_CTL_BLE | OHCI_CTL_CLE)) {

        if (ohci->async_td) {

            usb_cancel_packet(&ohci->usb_packet);

            ohci->async_td = 0;

        }

        ohci_stop_endpoints(ohci);

    }

    ohci->old_ctl = ohci->ctl;

    ohci_process_lists(ohci, 0);

    /* Frame boundary, so do EOF stuf here */

    ohci->frt = ohci->fit;

    /* Increment frame number and take care of endianness. */

    ohci->frame_number = (ohci->frame_number + 1) & 0xffff;

    hcca.frame = cpu_to_le16(ohci->frame_number);

    if (ohci->done_count == 0 && !(ohci->intr_status & OHCI_INTR_WD)) {

        if (!ohci->done)

            abort();

        if (ohci->intr & ohci->intr_status)

            ohci->done |= 1;

        hcca.done = cpu_to_le32(ohci->done);

        ohci->done = 0;

        ohci->done_count = 7;

        ohci_set_interrupt(ohci, OHCI_INTR_WD);

    }

    if (ohci->done_count != 7 && ohci->done_count != 0)

        ohci->done_count--;

    /* Do SOF stuff here */

    ohci_sof(ohci);

    /* Writeback HCCA */

    ohci_put_hcca(ohci, ohci->hcca, &hcca);

}

/* Start sending SOF tokens across the USB bus, lists are processed in

 * next frame

 */

static int ohci_bus_start(OHCIState *ohci)

{

    ohci->eof_timer = qemu_new_timer_ns(vm_clock,

                    ohci_frame_boundary,

                    ohci);

    if (ohci->eof_timer == NULL) {

        fprintf(stderr, "usb-ohci: %s: qemu_new_timer_ns failed\n", ohci->name);

        /* TODO: Signal unrecoverable error */

        return 0;

    }

    DPRINTF("usb-ohci: %s: USB Operational\n", ohci->name);

    ohci_sof(ohci);

    return 1;

}

/* Stop sending SOF tokens on the bus */

static void ohci_bus_stop(OHCIState *ohci)

{

    if (ohci->eof_timer)

        qemu_del_timer(ohci->eof_timer);

    ohci->eof_timer = NULL;

}

/* Sets a flag in a port status register but only set it if the port is

 * connected, if not set ConnectStatusChange flag. If flag is enabled

 * return 1.

 */

static int ohci_port_set_if_connected(OHCIState *ohci, int i, uint32_t val)

{

    int ret = 1;