Synnefo » snf-image-creator

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import os

import re

import tempfile

import uuid

from collections import namedtuple

import parted

from image_creator.rsync import Rsync

from image_creator.util import get_command

from image_creator.util import FatalError

from image_creator.util import try_fail_repeat

from image_creator.util import free_space

from image_creator.gpt import GPTPartitionTable

findfs = get_command('findfs')

dd = get_command('dd')

dmsetup = get_command('dmsetup')

losetup = get_command('losetup')

mount = get_command('mount')

umount = get_command('umount')

blkid = get_command('blkid')

tune2fs = get_command('tune2fs')

MKFS_OPTS = {'ext2': ['-F'],

             'ext3': ['-F'],

             'ext4': ['-F'],

             'reiserfs': ['-ff'],

             'btrfs': [],

             'minix': [],

             'xfs': ['-f'],

             'jfs': ['-f'],

             'ntfs': ['-F'],

             'msdos': [],

             'vfat': []}

class BundleVolume(object):

    """This class can be used to create an image out of the running system"""

    def __init__(self, out, meta, tmp=None):

        """Create an instance of the BundleVolume class."""

        self.out = out

        self.meta = meta

        self.tmp = tmp

        self.out.output('Searching for root device ...', False)

        root = self._get_root_partition()

        if root.startswith("UUID=") or root.startswith("LABEL="):

            root = findfs(root).stdout.strip()

        if not re.match('/dev/[hsv]d[a-z][1-9]*$', root):

            raise FatalError("Don't know how to handle root device: %s" % root)

        out.success(root)

        disk_file = re.split('[0-9]', root)[0]

        device = parted.Device(disk_file)

        self.disk = parted.Disk(device)

    def _read_fstable(self, f):

        """Use this generator to iterate over the lines of and fstab file"""

        if not os.path.isfile(f):

            raise FatalError("Unable to open: `%s'. File is missing." % f)

        FileSystemTableEntry = namedtuple('FileSystemTableEntry',

                                          'dev mpoint fs opts freq passno')

        with open(f) as table:

            for line in iter(table):

                entry = line.split('#')[0].strip().split()

                if len(entry) != 6:

                    continue

                yield FileSystemTableEntry(*entry)

    def _get_root_partition(self):

        """Return the fstab entry accosiated with the root filesystem"""

        for entry in self._read_fstable('/etc/fstab'):

            if entry.mpoint == '/':

                return entry.dev

        raise FatalError("Unable to find root device in /etc/fstab")

    def _is_mpoint(self, path):

        """Check if a directory is currently a mount point"""

        for entry in self._read_fstable('/proc/mounts'):

            if entry.mpoint == path:

                return True

        return False

    def _get_mount_options(self, device):

        """Return the mount entry associated with a mounted device"""

        for entry in self._read_fstable('/proc/mounts'):

            if not entry.dev.startswith('/'):

                continue

            if os.path.realpath(entry.dev) == os.path.realpath(device):

                return entry

        return None

    def _create_partition_table(self, image):

        """Copy the partition table of the host system into the image"""

        # Copy the MBR and the space between the MBR and the first partition.

        # In msdos partition tables Grub Stage 1.5 is located there.

        # In gpt partition tables the Primary GPT Header is there.

        first_sector = self.disk.getPrimaryPartitions()[0].geometry.start

        dd('if=%s' % self.disk.device.path, 'of=%s' % image,

           'bs=%d' % self.disk.device.sectorSize,

           'count=%d' % first_sector, 'conv=notrunc')

        if self.disk.type == 'gpt':

            # Copy the Secondary GPT Header

            table = GPTPartitionTable(self.disk.device.path)

            dd('if=%s' % self.disk.device.path, 'of=%s' % image,

               'bs=%d' % self.disk.device.sectorSize, 'conv=notrunc',

               'seek=%d' % table.primary.last_usable_lba,

               'skip=%d' % table.primary.last_usable_lba)

        # Create the Extended boot records (EBRs) in the image

        extended = self.disk.getExtendedPartition()

        if not extended:

            return

        # Extended boot records precede the logical partitions they describe

        logical = self.disk.getLogicalPartitions()

        start = extended.geometry.start

        for i in range(len(logical)):

            end = logical[i].geometry.start - 1

            dd('if=%s' % self.disk.device.path, 'of=%s' % image,

               'count=%d' % (end - start + 1), 'conv=notrunc',

               'seek=%d' % start, 'skip=%d' % start)

            start = logical[i].geometry.end + 1

    def _get_partitions(self, disk):

        """Returns a list with the partitions of the provided disk"""

        Partition = namedtuple('Partition', 'num start end type fs')

        partitions = []

        for p in disk.partitions:

            num = p.number

            start = p.geometry.start

            end = p.geometry.end

            ptype = p.type

            fs = p.fileSystem.type if p.fileSystem is not None else ''

            partitions.append(Partition(num, start, end, ptype, fs))

        return partitions

    def _shrink_partitions(self, image):

        """Remove the last partition of the image if it is a swap partition and

        shrink the partition before that. Make sure it can still host all the

        files the corresponding host file system hosts

        """

        new_end = self.disk.device.length

        image_disk = parted.Disk(parted.Device(image))

        is_extended = lambda p: p.type == parted.PARTITION_EXTENDED

        is_logical = lambda p: p.type == parted.PARTITION_LOGICAL

        partitions = self._get_partitions(self.disk)

        last = partitions[-1]

        if last.fs == 'linux-swap(v1)':

            MB = 2 ** 20

            size = (last.end - last.start + 1) * self.disk.device.sectorSize

            self.meta['SWAP'] = "%d:%s" % (last.num, (size + MB - 1) // MB)

            image_disk.deletePartition(

                image_disk.getPartitionBySector(last.start))

            image_disk.commitToDevice()

            if is_logical(last) and last.num == 5:

                extended = image_disk.getExtendedPartition()

                image_disk.deletePartition(extended)

                image_disk.commitToDevice()

                partitions.remove(filter(is_extended, partitions)[0])

            partitions.remove(last)

            last = partitions[-1]

            new_end = last.end

        mount_options = self._get_mount_options(

            self.disk.getPartitionBySector(last.start).path)

        if mount_options is not None:

            stat = os.statvfs(mount_options.mpoint)

            # Shrink the last partition. The new size should be the size of the

            # occupied blocks

            blcks = stat.f_blocks - stat.f_bavail

            new_size = (blcks * stat.f_frsize) // self.disk.device.sectorSize

            # Add 10% just to be on the safe side

            part_end = last.start + (new_size * 11) // 10

            # Align to 2048

            part_end = ((part_end + 2047) // 2048) * 2048

            # Make sure the partition starts where the old partition started.

            constraint = parted.Constraint(device=image_disk.device)

            constraint.startRange = parted.Geometry(device=image_disk.device,

                                                    start=last.start, length=1)

            image_disk.setPartitionGeometry(

                image_disk.getPartitionBySector(last.start), constraint,

                start=last.start, end=part_end)

            image_disk.commitToDevice()

            # Parted may have changed this for better alignment

            part_end = image_disk.getPartitionBySector(last.start).geometry.end

            last = last._replace(end=part_end)

            partitions[-1] = last

            new_end = part_end

            if last.type == parted.PARTITION_LOGICAL:

                # Fix the extended partition

                image_disk.minimizeExtendedPartition()

        return (new_end, self._get_partitions(image_disk))

    def _map_partition(self, dev, num, start, end):

        """Map a partition into a block device using the device mapper"""

        name = os.path.basename(dev) + "_" + uuid.uuid4().hex

        tablefd, table = tempfile.mkstemp()

        try:

            size = end - start + 1

            os.write(tablefd, "0 %d linear %s %d" % (size, dev, start))

            dmsetup('create', "%sp%d" % (name, num), table)

        finally:

            os.unlink(table)

        return "/dev/mapper/%sp%d" % (name, num)

    def _unmap_partition(self, dev):

        """Unmap a previously mapped partition"""

        if not os.path.exists(dev):

            return

        try_fail_repeat(dmsetup, 'remove', dev.split('/dev/mapper/')[1])

    def _mount(self, target, devs):

        """Mount a list of filesystems in mountpoints relative to target"""

        devs.sort(key=lambda d: d[1])

        for dev, mpoint, options in devs:

            absmpoint = os.path.abspath(target + mpoint)

            if not os.path.exists(absmpoint):

                os.makedirs(absmpoint)

            if len(options) > 0:

                mount(dev, absmpoint, '-o', ",".join(options))

            else:

                mount(dev, absmpoint)

    def _umount_all(self, target):

        """Unmount all filesystems that are mounted under the directory target

        """

        mpoints = []

        for entry in self._read_fstable('/proc/mounts'):

            if entry.mpoint.startswith(os.path.abspath(target)):

                    mpoints.append(entry.mpoint)

        mpoints.sort()

        for mpoint in reversed(mpoints):

            try_fail_repeat(umount, mpoint)

    def _to_exclude(self):

        """Find which directories to exclude during the image copy. This is

        accompliced by checking which directories serve as mount points for

        virtual file systems

        """

        excluded = ['/tmp', '/var/tmp']

        if self.tmp is not None:

            excluded.append(self.tmp)

        local_filesystems = MKFS_OPTS.keys() + ['rootfs']

        for entry in self._read_fstable('/proc/mounts'):

            if entry.fs in local_filesystems:

                continue

            mpoint = entry.mpoint

            if mpoint in excluded:

                continue

            descendants = filter(

                lambda p: p.startswith(mpoint + '/'), excluded)

            if len(descendants):

                for d in descendants:

                    excluded.remove(d)

                excluded.append(mpoint)

                continue

            dirname = mpoint

            basename = ''

            found_ancestor = False

            while dirname != '/':

                (dirname, basename) = os.path.split(dirname)

                if dirname in excluded:

                    found_ancestor = True

                    break

            if not found_ancestor:

                excluded.append(mpoint)

        return excluded

    def _replace_uuids(self, target, new_uuid):

        """Replace UUID references in various files. This is needed after

        copying system files of the host into a new filesystem

        """

        files = ['/etc/fstab',

                 '/boot/grub/grub.cfg',

                 '/boot/grub/menu.lst',

                 '/boot/grub/grub.conf']

        orig = {}

        for p in self.disk.partitions:

            if p.number in new_uuid.keys():

                orig[p.number] = \

                    blkid('-s', 'UUID', '-o', 'value', p.path).stdout.strip()

        for f in map(lambda f: target + f, files):

            if not os.path.exists(f):

                continue

            with open(f, 'r') as src:

                lines = src.readlines()

            with open(f, 'w') as dest:

                for line in lines:

                    for i, uuid in new_uuid.items():

                        line = re.sub(orig[i], uuid, line)

                    dest.write(line)

    def _create_filesystems(self, image, partitions):

        """Fill the image with data. Host file systems that are not currently

        mounted are binary copied into the image. For mounted file systems, a

        file system level copy is performed.

        """

        filesystem = {}

        orig_dev = {}

        for p in self.disk.partitions:

            filesystem[p.number] = self._get_mount_options(p.path)

            orig_dev[p.number] = p.path

        unmounted = filter(lambda p: filesystem[p.num] is None, partitions)

        mounted = filter(lambda p: filesystem[p.num] is not None, partitions)

        # For partitions that are not mounted right now, we can simply dd them

        # into the image.

        for p in unmounted:

            self.out.output('Cloning partition %d ... ' % p.num, False)

            dd('if=%s' % self.disk.device.path, 'of=%s' % image,

               'count=%d' % (p.end - p.start + 1), 'conv=notrunc',

               'seek=%d' % p.start, 'skip=%d' % p.start)

            self.out.success("done")

        loop = str(losetup('-f', '--show', image)).strip()

        # Recreate mounted file systems

        mapped = {}

        try:

            for p in mounted:

                i = p.num

                mapped[i] = self._map_partition(loop, i, p.start, p.end)

            new_uuid = {}

            # Create the file systems

            for i, dev in mapped.iteritems():

                fs = filesystem[i].fs

                self.out.output('Creating %s filesystem on partition %d ... ' %

                                (fs, i), False)

                get_command('mkfs.%s' % fs)(*(MKFS_OPTS[fs] + [dev]))

                # For ext[234] enable the default mount options

                if re.match('^ext[234]$', fs):

                    mopts = filter(

                        lambda p: p.startswith('Default mount options:'),

                        tune2fs('-l', orig_dev[i]).splitlines()

                    )[0].split(':')[1].strip().split()

                    if not (len(mopts) == 1 and mopts[0] == '(none)'):

                        for opt in mopts:

                            tune2fs('-o', opt, dev)

                self.out.success('done')

                new_uuid[i] = blkid(

                    '-s', 'UUID', '-o', 'value', dev).stdout.strip()

            target = tempfile.mkdtemp()

            devs = []

            for i in mapped.keys():

                fs = filesystem[i].fs

                mpoint = filesystem[i].mpoint

                opts = []

                for opt in filesystem[i].opts.split(','):

                    if opt in ('acl', 'user_xattr'):

                        opts.append(opt)

                devs.append((mapped[i], mpoint, opts))

            try:

                self._mount(target, devs)

                excluded = self._to_exclude()

                rsync = Rsync(self.out)

                for excl in excluded + [image]:

                    rsync.exclude(excl)

                rsync.archive().hard_links().xattrs().sparse().acls()

                rsync.run('/', target, 'host', 'temporary image')

                # Create missing mountpoints. Since they are mountpoints, we

                # cannot determine the ownership and the mode of the real

                # directory. Make them inherit those properties from their

                # parent dir

                for excl in excluded:

                    dirname = os.path.dirname(excl)

                    stat = os.stat(dirname)

                    os.mkdir(target + excl)

                    os.chmod(target + excl, stat.st_mode)

                    os.chown(target + excl, stat.st_uid, stat.st_gid)

                # /tmp and /var/tmp are special cases. We exclude then even if

                # they aren't mountpoints. Restore their permissions.

                for excl in ('/tmp', '/var/tmp'):

                    if self._is_mpoint(excl):

                        os.chmod(target + excl, 041777)

                        os.chown(target + excl, 0, 0)

                    else:

                        stat = os.stat(excl)

                        os.chmod(target + excl, stat.st_mode)

                        os.chown(target + excl, stat.st_uid, stat.st_gid)

                # We need to replace the old UUID referencies with the new

                # ones in grub configuration files and /etc/fstab for file

                # systems that have been recreated.

                self._replace_uuids(target, new_uuid)

            finally:

                self._umount_all(target)

                os.rmdir(target)

        finally:

            for dev in mapped.values():

                self._unmap_partition(dev)

            losetup('-d', loop)

    def create_image(self, image):

        """Given an image filename, this method will create an image out of the

        running system.

        """

        size = self.disk.device.length * self.disk.device.sectorSize

        # Create sparse file to host the image

        fd = os.open(image, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT)

        try:

            os.ftruncate(fd, size)

        finally:

            os.close(fd)

        self._create_partition_table(image)

        end_sector, partitions = self._shrink_partitions(image)

        if self.disk.type == 'gpt':

            old_size = size

            size = (end_sector + 1) * self.disk.device.sectorSize

            ptable = GPTPartitionTable(image)

            size = ptable.shrink(size, old_size)

        else:

            # Alighn to 2048

            end_sector = ((end_sector + 2047) // 2048) * 2048

            size = (end_sector + 1) * self.disk.device.sectorSize

        # Truncate image to the new size.

        fd = os.open(image, os.O_RDWR)

        try:

            os.ftruncate(fd, size)

        finally:

            os.close(fd)

        # Check if the available space is enough to host the image

        dirname = os.path.dirname(image)

        self.out.output("Examining available space ...", False)

        if free_space(dirname) <= size:

            raise FatalError("Not enough space under %s to host the temporary "

                             "image" % dirname)

        self.out.success("sufficient")

        self._create_filesystems(image, partitions)

        return image

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