Synnefo

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding=utf8

# Copyright 2011-2013 GRNET S.A. All rights reserved.

#

# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or

# without modification, are permitted provided that the following

# conditions are met:

#

#   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above

#      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

#      disclaimer.

#

#   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

#      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

#      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials

#      provided with the distribution.

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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY GRNET S.A. ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS

# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL GRNET S.A OR

# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

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# USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED

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from collections import defaultdict

from urllib import quote, unquote

from functools import partial

from pithos.api.test import (PithosAPITest, pithos_settings,

                             AssertMappingInvariant, AssertUUidInvariant,

                             TEST_BLOCK_SIZE, TEST_HASH_ALGORITHM,

                             DATE_FORMATS, pithos_test_settings)

from pithos.api.test.util import (md5_hash, merkle, strnextling,

                                  get_random_data, get_random_name)

from synnefo.lib import join_urls

import django.utils.simplejson as json

import random

import re

import datetime

import time as _time

merkle = partial(merkle,

                 blocksize=TEST_BLOCK_SIZE,

                 blockhash=TEST_HASH_ALGORITHM)

class ObjectHead(PithosAPITest):

    def test_get_object_meta(self):

        cname = self.create_container()[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.head(url)

        mandatory = ['Etag',

                     'Content-Length',

                     'Content-Type',

                     'Last-Modified',

                     'X-Object-Hash',

                     'X-Object-UUID',

                     'X-Object-Version',

                     'X-Object-Version-Timestamp',

                     'X-Object-Modified-By']

        for i in mandatory:

            self.assertTrue(i in r)

        r = self.post(url, content_type='',

                      HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODING='gzip',

                      HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION=(

                          'attachment; filename="%s"' % oname))

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 202)

        r = self.head(url)

        for i in mandatory:

            self.assertTrue(i in r)

        self.assertTrue('Content-Encoding' in r)

        self.assertEqual(r['Content-Encoding'], 'gzip')

        self.assertTrue('Content-Disposition' in r)

        self.assertEqual(unquote(r['Content-Disposition']),

                         'attachment; filename="%s"' % oname)

        prefix = 'myobject/'

        data = ''

        for i in range(random.randint(2, 10)):

            part = '%s%d' % (prefix, i)

            data += self.upload_object(cname, oname=part)[1]

        manifest = '%s/%s' % (cname, prefix)

        oname = get_random_name()

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put(url, data='', HTTP_X_OBJECT_MANIFEST=manifest)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)

        r = self.head(url)

        for i in mandatory:

            self.assertTrue(i in r)

        self.assertTrue('X-Object-Manifest' in r)

        self.assertEqual(r['X-Object-Manifest'], manifest)

class ObjectGet(PithosAPITest):

    def setUp(self):

        PithosAPITest.setUp(self)

        self.containers = ['c1', 'c2']

        # create some containers

        for c in self.containers:

            self.create_container(c)

        # upload files

        self.objects = defaultdict(list)

        self.objects['c1'].append(self.upload_object('c1')[0])

    def test_versions(self):

        c = 'c1'

        o = self.objects[c][0]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, c, o)

        meta = {'HTTP_X_OBJECT_META_QUALITY': 'AAA'}

        r = self.post(url, content_type='', **meta)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 202)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, c, o)

        r = self.get('%s?version=list&format=json' % url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        l1 = json.loads(r.content)['versions']

        self.assertEqual(len(l1), 2)

        # update meta

        meta = {'HTTP_X_OBJECT_META_QUALITY': 'AB',

                'HTTP_X_OBJECT_META_STOCK': 'True'}

        r = self.post(url, content_type='', **meta)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 202)

        # assert a newly created version has been created

        r = self.get('%s?version=list&format=json' % url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        l2 = json.loads(r.content)['versions']

        self.assertEqual(len(l2), len(l1) + 1)

        self.assertEqual(l2[:-1], l1)

        vserial, _ = l2[-2]

        self.assertEqual(self.get_object_meta(c, o, version=vserial),

                         {'Quality': 'AAA'})

        # update data

        self.append_object_data(c, o)

        # assert a newly created version has been created

        r = self.get('%s?version=list&format=json' % url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        l3 = json.loads(r.content)['versions']

        self.assertEqual(len(l3), len(l2) + 1)

        self.assertEqual(l3[:-1], l2)

    def test_get_version(self):

        c = 'c1'

        o = self.objects[c][0]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, c, o)

        # Update metadata

        meta = {'HTTP_X_OBJECT_META_QUALITY': 'AAA'}

        r = self.post(url, content_type='', **meta)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 202)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, c, o)

        r = self.get('%s?version=list&format=json' % url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        l = json.loads(r.content)['versions']

        self.assertEqual(len(l), 2)

        r = self.head('%s?version=%s' % (url, l[0][0]))

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        self.assertTrue('X-Object-Meta-Quality' not in r)

        r = self.head('%s?version=%s' % (url, l[1][0]))

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        self.assertTrue('X-Object-Meta-Quality' in r)

        # test invalid version

        r = self.head('%s?version=-1' % url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 404)

        other_name, other_data, r = self.upload_object(c)

        self.assertTrue('X-Object-Version' in r)

        other_version = r['X-Object-Version']

        self.assertTrue(o != other_name)

        r = self.get('%s?version=%s' % (url, other_version))

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 404)

        r = self.head('%s?version=%s' % (url, other_version))

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 404)

    def test_objects_with_trailing_spaces(self):

        # create object

        oname = self.upload_object('c1')[0]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, 'c1', oname)

        r = self.get(quote('%s ' % url))

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 404)

        # delete object

        self.delete(url)

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 404)

        # upload object with trailing space

        oname = self.upload_object('c1', quote('%s ' % get_random_name()))[0]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, 'c1', oname)

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, 'c1', oname[:-1])

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 404)

    def test_get_partial(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname, length=512)[:-1]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_RANGE='bytes=0-499')

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 206)

        data = r.content

        self.assertEqual(data, odata[:500])

        self.assertTrue('Content-Range' in r)

        self.assertEqual(r['Content-Range'], 'bytes 0-499/%s' % len(odata))

        self.assertTrue('Content-Type' in r)

        self.assertTrue(r['Content-Type'], 'application/octet-stream')

    def test_get_final_500(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname, length=512)[:-1]

        size = len(odata)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_RANGE='bytes=-500')

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 206)

        self.assertEqual(r.content, odata[-500:])

        self.assertTrue('Content-Range' in r)

        self.assertEqual(r['Content-Range'],

                         'bytes %s-%s/%s' % (size - 500, size - 1, size))

        self.assertTrue('Content-Type' in r)

        self.assertTrue(r['Content-Type'], 'application/octet-stream')

    def test_get_rest(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname, length=512)[:-1]

        size = len(odata)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        offset = len(odata) - random.randint(1, 512)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_RANGE='bytes=%s-' % offset)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 206)

        self.assertEqual(r.content, odata[offset:])

        self.assertTrue('Content-Range' in r)

        self.assertEqual(r['Content-Range'],

                         'bytes %s-%s/%s' % (offset, size - 1, size))

        self.assertTrue('Content-Type' in r)

        self.assertTrue(r['Content-Type'], 'application/octet-stream')

    def test_get_range_not_satisfiable(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname, length=512)[:-1]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        # TODO

        #r = self.get(url, HTTP_RANGE='bytes=50-10')

        #self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 416)

        offset = len(odata) + 1

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_RANGE='bytes=0-%s' % offset)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 416)

    def test_multiple_range(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        l = ['0-499', '-500', '1000-']

        ranges = 'bytes=%s' % ','.join(l)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_RANGE=ranges)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 206)

        self.assertTrue('content-type' in r)

        p = re.compile(

            'multipart/byteranges; boundary=(?P<boundary>[0-9a-f]{32}\Z)',

            re.I)

        m = p.match(r['content-type'])

        if m is None:

            self.fail('Invalid multiple range content type')

        boundary = m.groupdict()['boundary']

        cparts = r.content.split('--%s' % boundary)[1:-1]

        # assert content parts length

        self.assertEqual(len(cparts), len(l))

        # for each content part assert headers

        i = 0

        for cpart in cparts:

            content = cpart.split('\r\n')

            headers = content[1:3]

            content_range = headers[0].split(': ')

            self.assertEqual(content_range[0], 'Content-Range')

            r = l[i].split('-')

            if not r[0] and not r[1]:

                pass

            elif not r[0]:

                start = len(odata) - int(r[1])

                end = len(odata)

            elif not r[1]:

                start = int(r[0])

                end = len(odata)

            else:

                start = int(r[0])

                end = int(r[1]) + 1

            fdata = odata[start:end]

            sdata = '\r\n'.join(content[4:-1])

            self.assertEqual(len(fdata), len(sdata))

            self.assertEquals(fdata, sdata)

            i += 1

    def test_multiple_range_not_satisfiable(self):

        # perform get with multiple range

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        out_of_range = len(odata) + 1

        l = ['0-499', '-500', '%d-' % out_of_range]

        ranges = 'bytes=%s' % ','.join(l)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_RANGE=ranges)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 416)

    def test_get_if_match(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        # perform get with If-Match

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        if pithos_settings.UPDATE_MD5:

            etag = md5_hash(odata)

        else:

            etag = merkle(odata)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_MATCH=etag)

        # assert get success

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        # assert response content

        self.assertEqual(r.content, odata)

    def test_get_if_match_star(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        # perform get with If-Match *

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_MATCH='*')

        # assert get success

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        # assert response content

        self.assertEqual(r.content, odata)

    def test_get_multiple_if_match(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        # perform get with If-Match

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        if pithos_settings.UPDATE_MD5:

            etag = md5_hash(odata)

        else:

            etag = merkle(odata)

        quoted = lambda s: '"%s"' % s

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_MATCH=','.join(

            [quoted(etag), quoted(get_random_data(64))]))

        # assert get success

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        # assert response content

        self.assertEqual(r.content, odata)

    def test_if_match_precondition_failed(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        # perform get with If-Match

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_MATCH=get_random_name())

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 412)

    def test_if_none_match(self):

        # upload object

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        if pithos_settings.UPDATE_MD5:

            etag = md5_hash(odata)

        else:

            etag = merkle(odata)

        # perform get with If-None-Match

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH=etag)

        # assert precondition_failed

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 304)

        # update object data

        r = self.append_object_data(cname, oname)[-1]

        self.assertTrue(etag != r['ETag'])

        # perform get with If-None-Match

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH=etag)

        # assert get success

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

    def test_if_none_match_star(self):

        # upload object

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        # perform get with If-None-Match with star

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH='*')

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 304)

    def test_if_modified_since(self):

        # upload object

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        object_info = self.get_object_info(cname, oname)

        last_modified = object_info['Last-Modified']

        t1 = datetime.datetime.strptime(last_modified, DATE_FORMATS[-1])

        t1_formats = map(t1.strftime, DATE_FORMATS)

        # Check not modified since

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        for t in t1_formats:

            r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE=t)

            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 304)

        _time.sleep(1)

        # update object data

        appended_data = self.append_object_data(cname, oname)[1]

        # Check modified since

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        for t in t1_formats:

            r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE=t)

            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

            self.assertEqual(r.content, odata + appended_data)

    def test_if_modified_since_invalid_date(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE='Monday')

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        self.assertEqual(r.content, odata)

    def test_if_not_modified_since(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        object_info = self.get_object_info(cname, oname)

        last_modified = object_info['Last-Modified']

        t = datetime.datetime.strptime(last_modified, DATE_FORMATS[-1])

        # Check unmodified

        t1 = t + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)

        t1_formats = map(t1.strftime, DATE_FORMATS)

        for t in t1_formats:

            r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE=t)

            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

            self.assertEqual(r.content, odata)

        # modify object

        _time.sleep(2)

        self.append_object_data(cname, oname)

        object_info = self.get_object_info(cname, oname)

        last_modified = object_info['Last-Modified']

        t = datetime.datetime.strptime(last_modified, DATE_FORMATS[-1])

        t2 = t - datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)

        t2_formats = map(t2.strftime, DATE_FORMATS)

        # check modified

        for t in t2_formats:

            r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE=t)

            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 412)

        # modify account: update object meta

        _time.sleep(1)

        self.update_object_meta(cname, oname, {'foo': 'bar'})

        object_info = self.get_object_info(cname, oname)

        last_modified = object_info['Last-Modified']

        t = datetime.datetime.strptime(last_modified, DATE_FORMATS[-1])

        t3 = t - datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)

        t3_formats = map(t3.strftime, DATE_FORMATS)

        # check modified

        for t in t3_formats:

            r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE=t)

            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 412)

    def test_if_unmodified_since(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        object_info = self.get_object_info(cname, oname)

        last_modified = object_info['Last-Modified']

        t = datetime.datetime.strptime(last_modified, DATE_FORMATS[-1])

        t = t + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)

        t_formats = map(t.strftime, DATE_FORMATS)

        for tf in t_formats:

            r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE=tf)

            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

            self.assertEqual(r.content, odata)

    def test_if_unmodified_since_precondition_failed(self):

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname)[:-1]

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        object_info = self.get_object_info(cname, oname)

        last_modified = object_info['Last-Modified']

        t = datetime.datetime.strptime(last_modified, DATE_FORMATS[-1])

        t = t - datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)

        t_formats = map(t.strftime, DATE_FORMATS)

        for tf in t_formats:

            r = self.get(url, HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE=tf)

            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 412)

    def test_hashes(self):

        l = random.randint(2, 5) * pithos_settings.BACKEND_BLOCK_SIZE

        cname = self.containers[0]

        oname, odata = self.upload_object(cname, length=l)[:-1]

        size = len(odata)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get('%s?format=json&hashmap' % url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        body = json.loads(r.content)

        hashes = body['hashes']

        block_size = body['block_size']

        block_num = size / block_size if size / block_size == 0 else\

            size / block_size + 1

        self.assertTrue(len(hashes), block_num)

        i = 0

        for h in hashes:

            start = i * block_size

            end = (i + 1) * block_size

            hash = merkle(odata[start:end])

            self.assertEqual(h, hash)

            i += 1

class ObjectPut(PithosAPITest):

    def setUp(self):

        PithosAPITest.setUp(self)

        self.container = get_random_name()

        self.create_container(self.container)

    def test_upload(self):

        cname = self.container

        oname = get_random_name()

        data = get_random_data()

        meta = {'test': 'test1'}

        headers = dict(('HTTP_X_OBJECT_META_%s' % k.upper(), v)

                       for k, v in meta.iteritems())

        headers['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = 'attachment; filename="%f2"'

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put(url, data=data, content_type='application/pdf',

                     quote_extra=False, **headers)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 400)

        headers['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = ('attachment; filename="%s"' %

                                               oname)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put(url, data=data, content_type='㌀', **headers)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 400)

        r = self.put(url, data=data, content_type='application/pdf', **headers)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)

        self.assertTrue('ETag' in r)

        self.assertTrue('X-Object-Version' in r)

        info = self.get_object_info(cname, oname)

        # assert object meta

        self.assertTrue('X-Object-Meta-Test' in info)

        self.assertEqual(info['X-Object-Meta-Test'], 'test1')

        # assert content-type

        self.assertEqual(info['content-type'], 'application/pdf')

        # assert uploaded content

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        self.assertEqual(r.content, data)

    def test_maximum_upload_size_exceeds(self):

        cname = self.container

        oname = get_random_name()

        # set container quota to 100

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname)

        r = self.post(url, HTTP_X_CONTAINER_POLICY_QUOTA='100')

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 202)

        info = self.get_container_info(cname)

        length = int(info['X-Container-Policy-Quota']) + 1

        data = get_random_data(length)

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put(url, data=data)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 413)

    def test_upload_with_name_containing_slash(self):

        cname = self.container

        oname = '/%s' % get_random_name()

        data = get_random_data()

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put(url, data=data)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)

        self.assertTrue('ETag' in r)

        self.assertTrue('X-Object-Version' in r)

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        self.assertEqual(r.content, data)

    def test_upload_unprocessable_entity(self):

        cname = self.container

        oname = get_random_name()

        data = get_random_data()

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put(url, data=data, HTTP_ETAG='123')

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 422)

#    def test_chunked_transfer(self):

#        cname = self.container

#        oname = '/%s' % get_random_name()

#        data = get_random_data()

#        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

#        r = self.put(url, data=data, HTTP_TRANSFER_ENCODING='chunked')

#        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)

#        self.assertTrue('ETag' in r)

#        self.assertTrue('X-Object-Version' in r)

    def test_manifestation(self):

        cname = self.container

        prefix = 'myobject/'

        data = ''

        for i in range(random.randint(2, 10)):

            part = '%s%d' % (prefix, i)

            data += self.upload_object(cname, oname=part)[1]

        manifest = '%s/%s' % (cname, prefix)

        oname = get_random_name()

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put(url, data='', HTTP_X_OBJECT_MANIFEST=manifest)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)

        # assert object exists

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        # assert its content

        self.assertEqual(r.content, data)

        # invalid manifestation

        invalid_manifestation = '%s/%s' % (cname, get_random_name())

        self.put(url, data='', HTTP_X_OBJECT_MANIFEST=invalid_manifestation)

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.content, '')

    def test_create_zero_length_object(self):

        cname = self.container

        oname = get_random_name()

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put(url, data='')

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        self.assertEqual(int(r['Content-Length']), 0)

        self.assertEqual(r.content, '')

        r = self.get('%s?hashmap=&format=json' % url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        body = json.loads(r.content)

        hashes = body['hashes']

        hash = merkle('')

        self.assertEqual(hashes, [hash])

    def test_create_object_by_hashmap(self):

        cname = self.container

        block_size = pithos_settings.BACKEND_BLOCK_SIZE

        # upload an object

        oname, data = self.upload_object(cname, length=block_size + 1)[:-1]

        # get it hashmap

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get('%s?hashmap=&format=json' % url)

        oname = get_random_name()

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.put('%s?hashmap=' % url, data=r.content)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)

        r = self.get(url)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)

        self.assertEqual(r.content, data)

    def test_create_object_by_invalid_hashmap(self):

        cname = self.container

        block_size = pithos_settings.BACKEND_BLOCK_SIZE

        # upload an object

        oname, data = self.upload_object(cname, length=block_size + 1)[:-1]

        # get it hashmap

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)

        r = self.get('%s?hashmap=&format=json' % url)

        data = r.content

        try:

            hashmap = json.loads(data)

        except:

            self.fail('JSON format expected')

        oname = get_random_name()

        url = join_urls(self.pithos_path, self.user, cname, oname)