Synnefo

# Copyright 2011 GRNET S.A. All rights reserved.

# 

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# without modification, are permitted provided that the following

# conditions are met:

# 

#   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above

#      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

#      disclaimer.

# 

#   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

#      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

#      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials

#      provided with the distribution.

# 

# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY GRNET S.A. ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS

# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL GRNET S.A OR

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# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN

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# The views and conclusions contained in the software and

# documentation are those of the authors and should not be

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# or implied, of GRNET S.A.

from httplib import HTTPConnection, HTTP

from sys import stdin

from xml.dom import minidom

from StringIO import StringIO

import json

import types

import socket

import urllib

import datetime

ERROR_CODES = {304:'Not Modified',

               400:'Bad Request',

               401:'Unauthorized',

               404:'Not Found',

               409:'Conflict',

               411:'Length Required',

               412:'Precondition Failed',

               416:'Range Not Satisfiable',

               422:'Unprocessable Entity',

               503:'Service Unavailable'}

class Fault(Exception):

    def __init__(self, data='', status=None):

        if data == '' and status in ERROR_CODES.keys():

            data = ERROR_CODES[status]

        Exception.__init__(self, data)

        self.data = data

        self.status = status

class Client(object):

    def __init__(self, host, token, account, api='v1', verbose=False, debug=False):

        """`host` can also include a port, e.g '127.0.0.1:8000'."""

        self.host = host

        self.account = account

        self.api = api

        self.verbose = verbose or debug

        self.debug = debug

        self.token = token

    def _req(self, method, path, body=None, headers={}, format='text', params={}):

        slash = '/' if self.api else ''

        full_path = '%s%s%s?format=%s' % (slash, self.api, path, format)

        for k,v in params.items():

            if v:

                full_path = '%s&%s=%s' %(full_path, k, v)

            else:

                full_path = '%s&%s=' %(full_path, k)

        conn = HTTPConnection(self.host)

        #encode whitespace

        full_path = full_path.replace(' ', '%20')

        kwargs = {}

        for k,v in headers.items():

            headers.pop(k)

            k = k.replace('_', '-')

            headers[k] = v

        kwargs['headers'] = headers

        kwargs['headers']['X-Auth-Token'] = self.token

        if body:

            kwargs['body'] = body

            kwargs['headers'].setdefault('content-type', 'application/octet-stream')

        kwargs['headers'].setdefault('content-length', len(body) if body else 0)

        #print '#', method, full_path, kwargs

        t1 = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

        conn.request(method, full_path, **kwargs)

        resp = conn.getresponse()

        t2 = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

        #print 'response time:', str(t2-t1)

        headers = dict(resp.getheaders())

        if self.verbose:

            print '%d %s' % (resp.status, resp.reason)

            for key, val in headers.items():

                print '%s: %s' % (key.capitalize(), val)

            print

        length = resp.getheader('content-length', None)

        data = resp.read(length)

        if self.debug:

            print data

            print

        if int(resp.status) in ERROR_CODES.keys():

            raise Fault(data, int(resp.status))

        #print '**',  resp.status, headers, data, '\n'

        return resp.status, headers, data

    def _chunked_transfer(self, path, method='PUT', f=stdin, headers=None,

                          blocksize=1024, params={}):

        """perfomrs a chunked request"""

        http = HTTPConnection(self.host)

        # write header

        full_path = '/%s%s?' % (self.api, path)

        for k,v in params.items():

            if v:

                full_path = '%s&%s=%s' %(full_path, k, v)

            else:

                full_path = '%s&%s=' %(full_path, k)

        http.putrequest(method, full_path)

        http.putheader('x-auth-token', self.token)

        http.putheader('content-type', 'application/octet-stream')

        http.putheader('transfer-encoding', 'chunked')

        if headers:

            for header,value in headers.items():

                http.putheader(header, value)

        http.endheaders()

        # write body

        data = ''

        while True:

            if f.closed:

                break

            block = f.read(blocksize)

            if block == '':

                break

            data = '%x\r\n%s\r\n' % (len(block), block)

            try:

                http.send(data)

            except:

                #retry

                http.send(data)

        data = '0\r\n\r\n'

        try:

            http.send(data)

        except:

            #retry

            http.send(data)

        # get response

        resp = http.getresponse()

        headers = dict(resp.getheaders())

        if self.verbose:

            print '%d %s' % (resp.status, resp.reason)

            for key, val in headers.items():

                print '%s: %s' % (key.capitalize(), val)

            print

        length = resp.getheader('Content-length', None)

        data = resp.read(length)

        if self.debug:

            print data

            print

        if int(resp.status) in ERROR_CODES.keys():

            raise Fault(data, int(resp.status))

        #print '*',  resp.status, headers, data

        return resp.status, headers, data

    def delete(self, path, format='text', params={}):

        return self._req('DELETE', path, format=format, params=params)

    def get(self, path, format='text', headers={}, params={}):

        return self._req('GET', path, headers=headers, format=format,

                        params=params)

    def head(self, path, format='text', params={}):

         return self._req('HEAD', path, format=format, params=params)

    def post(self, path, body=None, format='text', headers=None, params={}):

        return self._req('POST', path, body, headers=headers, format=format,

                        params=params)

    def put(self, path, body=None, format='text', headers=None, params={}):

        return self._req('PUT', path, body, headers=headers, format=format,

                         params=params)

    def _list(self, path, format='text', params={}, **headers):

        status, headers, data = self.get(path, format=format, headers=headers,

                                         params=params)

        if format == 'json':

            data = json.loads(data) if data else ''

        elif format == 'xml':

            data = minidom.parseString(data)

        else:

            data = data.strip().split('\n') if data else ''

        return data

    def _get_metadata(self, path, prefix=None, params={}):

        status, headers, data = self.head(path, params=params)

        prefixlen = len(prefix) if prefix else 0

        meta = {}

        for key, val in headers.items():

            if prefix and not key.startswith(prefix):

                continue

            elif prefix and key.startswith(prefix):

                key = key[prefixlen:]

            meta[key] = val

        return meta

    def _filter(self, l, d):

        """

        filter out from l elements having the metadata values provided

        """

        ll = l

        for elem in l:

            if type(elem) == types.DictionaryType:

                for key in d.keys():

                    k = 'x_object_meta_%s' % key

                    if k in elem.keys() and elem[k] == d[key]:

                        ll.remove(elem)

                        break

        return ll

class OOS_Client(Client):

    """Openstack Object Storage Client"""

    def _update_metadata(self, path, entity, **meta):

        """adds new and updates the values of previously set metadata"""

        ex_meta = self.retrieve_account_metadata(restricted=True)

        ex_meta.update(meta)

        headers = {}

        prefix = 'x-%s-meta-' % entity

        for k,v in ex_meta.items():

            k = '%s%s' % (prefix, k)

            headers[k] = v

        return self.post(path, headers=headers)

    def _reset_metadata(self, path, entity, **meta):

        """

        overwrites all user defined metadata

        """

        headers = {}

        prefix = 'x-%s-meta-' % entity

        for k,v in meta.items():

            k = '%s%s' % (prefix, k)

            headers[k] = v

        return self.post(path, headers=headers)

    def _delete_metadata(self, path, entity, meta=[]):

        """delete previously set metadata"""

        ex_meta = self.retrieve_account_metadata(restricted=True)

        headers = {}

        prefix = 'x-%s-meta-' % entity

        for k in ex_meta.keys():

            if k in meta:

                headers['%s%s' % (prefix, k)] = ex_meta[k]

        return self.post(path, headers=headers)

    # Storage Account Services

    def list_containers(self, format='text', limit=None,

                        marker=None, params={}, account=None, **headers):

        """lists containers"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s' % account

        params.update({'limit':limit, 'marker':marker})

        return self._list(path, format, params, **headers)

    def retrieve_account_metadata(self, restricted=False, account=None, **params):

        """returns the account metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s' % account

        prefix = 'x-account-meta-' if restricted else None

        return self._get_metadata(path, prefix, params)

    def update_account_metadata(self, account=None, **meta):

        """updates the account metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s' % account

        return self._update_metadata(path, 'account', **meta)

    def delete_account_metadata(self, meta=[], account=None):

        """deletes the account metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s' % account

        return self._delete_metadata(path, 'account', meta)

    def reset_account_metadata(self, account=None, **meta):

        """resets account metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s' % account

        return self._reset_metadata(path, 'account', **meta)

    # Storage Container Services

    def _filter_trashed(self, l):

        return self._filter(l, {'trash':'true'})

    def list_objects(self, container, format='text',

                     limit=None, marker=None, prefix=None, delimiter=None,

                     path=None, include_trashed=False, params={}, account=None,

                     **headers):

        """returns a list with the container objects"""

        account = account or self.account

        params.update({'limit':limit, 'marker':marker, 'prefix':prefix,

                       'delimiter':delimiter, 'path':path})

        l = self._list('/%s/%s' % (account, container), format, params,

                       **headers)

        #TODO support filter trashed with xml also

        if format != 'xml' and not include_trashed:

            l = self._filter_trashed(l)

        return l

    def create_container(self, container, account=None, **meta):

        """creates a container"""

        account = account or self.account

        headers = {}

        for k,v in meta.items():

            headers['x-container-meta-%s' %k.strip().upper()] = v.strip()

        status, header, data = self.put('/%s/%s' % (account, container),

                                        headers=headers)

        if status == 202:

            return False

        elif status != 201:

            raise Fault(data, int(status))

        return True

    def delete_container(self, container, params={}, account=None):

        """deletes a container"""

        account = account or self.account

        return self.delete('/%s/%s' % (account, container), params=params)

    def retrieve_container_metadata(self, container, restricted=False,

                                    account=None, **params):

        """returns the container metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        prefix = 'x-container-meta-' if restricted else None

        return self._get_metadata('/%s/%s' % (account, container), prefix,

                                  params)

    def update_container_metadata(self, container, account=None, **meta):

        """unpdates the container metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        return self._update_metadata('/%s/%s' % (account, container),

                                     'container', **meta)

    def delete_container_metadata(self, container, meta=[], account=None):

        """deletes the container metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s' % (account, container)

        return self._delete_metadata(path, 'container', meta)

    # Storage Object Services

    def request_object(self, container, object, format='text', params={},

                       account=None, **headers):

        """returns tuple containing the status, headers and data response for an object request"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        status, headers, data = self.get(path, format, headers, params)

        return status, headers, data

    def retrieve_object(self, container, object, format='text', params={},

                        account=None, **headers):

        """returns an object's data"""

        account = account or self.account

        t = self.request_object(container, object, format, params, account,

                                **headers)

        data = t[2]

        if format == 'json':

            data = json.loads(data) if data else ''

        elif format == 'xml':

            data = minidom.parseString(data)

        return data

    def retrieve_object_hashmap(self, container, object, params={},

                        account=None, **headers):

        """returns the hashmap representing object's data"""

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'object']:

            args.pop(elem)

        data = self.retrieve_object(container, object, format='json', **args)

        return data['hashes']

    def create_directory_marker(self, container, object, account=None):

        """creates a dierectory marker"""

        account = account or self.account

        if not object:

            raise Fault('Directory markers have to be nested in a container')

        h = {'content_type':'application/directory'}

        return self.create_zero_length_object(container, object, account=account,

                                              **h)

    def create_object(self, container, object, f=stdin, format='text', meta={},

                      params={}, etag=None, content_type=None, content_encoding=None,

                      content_disposition=None, account=None, **headers):

        """creates a zero-length object"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        for k, v  in headers.items():

            if not v:

                headers.pop(k)

        l = ['etag', 'content_encoding', 'content_disposition', 'content_type']

        l = [elem for elem in l if eval(elem)]

        for elem in l:

            headers.update({elem:eval(elem)})

        headers.setdefault('content-type', 'application/octet-stream')

        for k,v in meta.items():

            headers['x-object-meta-%s' %k.strip()] = v.strip()

        data = f.read() if f else None

        return self.put(path, data, format, headers=headers, params=params)

    def create_zero_length_object(self, container, object, meta={}, etag=None,

                                  content_type=None, content_encoding=None,

                                  content_disposition=None, account=None,

                                  **headers):

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'headers', 'account']:

            args.pop(elem)

        args.update(headers)

        return self.create_object(container, account=account, f=None, **args)

    def update_object(self, container, object, f=stdin,

                      offset=None, meta={}, params={}, content_length=None,

                      content_type=None, content_encoding=None,

                      content_disposition=None,  account=None, **headers):

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        for k, v  in headers.items():

            if not v:

                headers.pop(k)

        l = ['content_encoding', 'content_disposition', 'content_type',

             'content_length']

        l = [elem for elem in l if eval(elem)]

        for elem in l:

            headers.update({elem:eval(elem)})

        if 'content_range' not in headers.keys():

            if offset != None:

                headers['content_range'] = 'bytes %s-/*' % offset

            else:

                headers['content_range'] = 'bytes */*'

        for k,v in meta.items():

            headers['x-object-meta-%s' %k.strip()] = v.strip()

        data = f.read() if f else None

        return self.post(path, data, headers=headers, params=params)

    def update_object_using_chunks(self, container, object, f=stdin,

                                   blocksize=1024, offset=None, meta={},

                                   params={}, content_type=None, content_encoding=None,

                                   content_disposition=None, account=None, **headers):

        """updates an object (incremental upload)"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        headers = headers if not headers else {}

        l = ['content_type', 'content_encoding', 'content_disposition']

        l = [elem for elem in l if eval(elem)]

        for elem in l:

            headers.update({elem:eval(elem)})

        if offset != None:

            headers['content_range'] = 'bytes %s-/*' % offset

        else:

            headers['content_range'] = 'bytes */*'

        for k,v in meta.items():

            v = v.strip()

            headers['x-object-meta-%s' %k.strip()] = v

        return self._chunked_transfer(path, 'POST', f, headers=headers,

                                      blocksize=blocksize, params=params)

    def _change_obj_location(self, src_container, src_object, dst_container,

                             dst_object, remove=False, meta={}, account=None,

                             content_type=None, **headers):

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, dst_container, dst_object)

        headers = {} if not headers else headers

        for k, v in meta.items():

            headers['x-object-meta-%s' % k] = v

        if remove:

            headers['x-move-from'] = '/%s/%s' % (src_container, src_object)

        else:

            headers['x-copy-from'] = '/%s/%s' % (src_container, src_object)

        headers['content_length'] = 0

        if content_type:

            headers['content_type'] = content_type 

        return self.put(path, headers=headers)

    def copy_object(self, src_container, src_object, dst_container, dst_object,

                   meta={}, account=None, content_type=None, **headers):

        """copies an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        return self._change_obj_location(src_container, src_object,

                                   dst_container, dst_object, account=account,

                                   remove=False, meta=meta,

                                   content_type=content_type, **headers)

    def move_object(self, src_container, src_object, dst_container,

                             dst_object, meta={}, account=None,

                             content_type=None, **headers):

        """moves an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        return self._change_obj_location(src_container, src_object,

                                         dst_container, dst_object,

                                         account=account, remove=True,

                                         meta=meta, content_type=content_type,

                                         **headers)

    def delete_object(self, container, object, params={}, account=None):

        """deletes an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        return self.delete('/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object),

                           params=params)

    def retrieve_object_metadata(self, container, object, restricted=False,

                                 version=None, account=None):

        """

        set restricted to True to get only user defined metadata

        """

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        prefix = 'x-object-meta-' if restricted else None

        params = {'version':version} if version else {}

        return self._get_metadata(path, prefix, params=params)

    def update_object_metadata(self, container, object, account=None,

                               **meta):

        """

        updates object's metadata

        """

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        return self._update_metadata(path, 'object', **meta)

    def delete_object_metadata(self, container, object, meta=[], account=None):

        """

        deletes object's metadata

        """

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        return self._delete_metadata(path, 'object', meta)

class Pithos_Client(OOS_Client):

    """Pithos Storage Client. Extends OOS_Client"""

    def _update_metadata(self, path, entity, **meta):

        """

        adds new and updates the values of previously set metadata

        """

        params = {'update':None}

        headers = {}

        prefix = 'x-%s-meta-' % entity

        for k,v in meta.items():

            k = '%s%s' % (prefix, k)

            headers[k] = v

        return self.post(path, headers=headers, params=params)

    def _delete_metadata(self, path, entity, meta=[]):

        """

        delete previously set metadata

        """

        params = {'update':None}

        headers = {}

        prefix = 'x-%s-meta-' % entity

        for m in meta:

            headers['%s%s' % (prefix, m)] = ''

        return self.post(path, headers=headers, params=params)

    # Storage Account Services

    def list_containers(self, format='text', if_modified_since=None,

                        if_unmodified_since=None, limit=None, marker=None,

                        shared=False, until=None, account=None):

        """returns a list with the account containers"""

        account = account or self.account

        params = {'until':until} if until else {}

        if shared:

            params['shared'] = None

        headers = {'if-modified-since':if_modified_since,

                   'if-unmodified-since':if_unmodified_since}

        return OOS_Client.list_containers(self, account=account, format=format,

                                          limit=limit, marker=marker,

                                          params=params, **headers)

    def retrieve_account_metadata(self, restricted=False, until=None,

                                  account=None):

        """returns the account metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        params = {'until':until} if until else {}

        return OOS_Client.retrieve_account_metadata(self, account=account,

                                                    restricted=restricted,

                                                    **params)

    def set_account_groups(self, account=None, **groups):

        """create account groups"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s' % account

        headers = {}

        for k, v in groups.items():

            headers['x-account-group-%s' % k] = v

        params = {'update':None}

        return self.post(path, headers=headers, params=params)

    def retrieve_account_groups(self, account=None):

        """returns the account groups"""

        account = account or self.account

        meta = self.retrieve_account_metadata(account=account)

        prefix = 'x-account-group-'

        prefixlen = len(prefix)

        groups = {}

        for key, val in meta.items():

            if prefix and not key.startswith(prefix):

                continue

            elif prefix and key.startswith(prefix):

                key = key[prefixlen:]

            groups[key] = val

        return groups

    def unset_account_groups(self, groups=[], account=None):

        """delete account groups"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s' % account

        headers = {}

        for elem in groups:

            headers['x-account-group-%s' % elem] = ''

        params = {'update':None}

        return self.post(path, headers=headers, params=params)

    def reset_account_groups(self, account=None, **groups):

        """overrides account groups"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s' % account

        headers = {}

        for k, v in groups.items():

            v = v.strip()

            headers['x-account-group-%s' % k] = v

        meta = self.retrieve_account_metadata(restricted=True)

        prefix = 'x-account-meta-'

        for k,v in meta.items():

            k = '%s%s' % (prefix, k)

            headers[k] = v

        return self.post(path, headers=headers)

    # Storage Container Services

    def list_objects(self, container, format='text',

                     limit=None, marker=None, prefix=None, delimiter=None,

                     path=None, shared=False, include_trashed=False, params={},

                     if_modified_since=None, if_unmodified_since=None, meta='',

                     until=None, account=None):

        """returns a list with the container objects"""

        account = account or self.account

        params = {'until':until, 'meta':meta}

        if shared:

            params['shared'] = None

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'params', 'until', 'meta']:

            args.pop(elem)

        return OOS_Client.list_objects(self, container, params=params, **args)

    def retrieve_container_metadata(self, container, restricted=False,

                                    until=None, account=None):

        """returns container's metadata"""

        account = account or self.account

        params = {'until':until} if until else {}

        return OOS_Client.retrieve_container_metadata(self, container,

                                                      account=account,

                                                      restricted=restricted,

                                                      **params)

    def set_container_policies(self, container, account=None,

                               **policies):

        """sets containers policies"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s' % (account, container)

        headers = {}

        for key, val in policies.items():

            headers['x-container-policy-%s' % key] = val

        return self.post(path, headers=headers)

    def delete_container(self, container, until=None, account=None):

        """deletes a container or the container history until the date provided"""

        account = account or self.account

        params = {'until':until} if until else {}

        return OOS_Client.delete_container(self, container, account=account,

                                           params=params)

    # Storage Object Services

    def retrieve_object(self, container, object, params={}, format='text',

                        range=None, if_range=None,

                        if_match=None, if_none_match=None,

                        if_modified_since=None, if_unmodified_since=None,

                        account=None, **headers):

        """returns an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        headers={}

        l = ['range', 'if_range', 'if_match', 'if_none_match',

             'if_modified_since', 'if_unmodified_since']

        l = [elem for elem in l if eval(elem)]

        for elem in l:

            headers.update({elem:eval(elem)})

        if format != 'text':

            params['hashmap'] = None

        return OOS_Client.retrieve_object(self, container, object,

                                          account=account, format=format,

                                          params=params, **headers)

    def retrieve_object_version(self, container, object, version,

                                format='text', range=None, if_range=None,

                                if_match=None, if_none_match=None,

                                if_modified_since=None, if_unmodified_since=None,

                                account=None):

        """returns a specific object version"""

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        l = ['self', 'container', 'object']

        for elem in l:

            args.pop(elem)

        params = {'version':version}

        return self.retrieve_object(container, object, params=params, **args)

    def retrieve_object_versionlist(self, container, object, range=None,

                                    if_range=None, if_match=None,

                                    if_none_match=None, if_modified_since=None,

                                    if_unmodified_since=None, account=None):

        """returns the object version list"""

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        l = ['self', 'container', 'object']

        for elem in l:

            args.pop(elem)

        return self.retrieve_object_version(container, object, version='list',

                                            format='json', **args)

    def create_zero_length_object(self, container, object,

                                  meta={}, etag=None, content_type=None,

                                  content_encoding=None,

                                  content_disposition=None,

                                  x_object_manifest=None, x_object_sharing=None,

                                  x_object_public=None, account=None):

        """createas a zero length object"""

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'object']:

            args.pop(elem)

        return OOS_Client.create_zero_length_object(self, container, object,

                                                    **args)

    def create_object(self, container, object, f=stdin, format='text',

                      meta={}, params={}, etag=None, content_type=None,

                      content_encoding=None, content_disposition=None,

                      x_object_manifest=None, x_object_sharing=None,

                      x_object_public=None, account=None):

        """creates an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'object']:

            args.pop(elem)

        return OOS_Client.create_object(self, container, object, **args)

    def create_object_using_chunks(self, container, object,

                                   f=stdin, blocksize=1024, meta={}, etag=None,

                                   content_type=None, content_encoding=None,

                                   content_disposition=None,

                                   x_object_sharing=None, x_object_manifest=None,

                                   x_object_public=None, account=None):

        """creates an object (incremental upload)"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        headers = {}

        l = ['etag', 'content_type', 'content_encoding', 'content_disposition', 

             'x_object_sharing', 'x_object_manifest', 'x_object_public']

        l = [elem for elem in l if eval(elem)]

        for elem in l:

            headers.update({elem:eval(elem)})

        headers.setdefault('content-type', 'application/octet-stream')

        for k,v in meta.items():

            v = v.strip()

            headers['x-object-meta-%s' %k.strip()] = v

        return self._chunked_transfer(path, 'PUT', f, headers=headers,

                                      blocksize=blocksize)

    def create_object_by_hashmap(self, container, object, hashmap={},

                                 meta={}, etag=None, content_encoding=None,

                                 content_disposition=None, content_type=None,

                                 x_object_sharing=None, x_object_manifest=None,

                                 x_object_public = None, account=None):

        """creates an object by uploading hashes representing data instead of data"""

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'object', 'hashmap']:

            args.pop(elem)

        try:

            data = json.dumps(hashmap)

        except SyntaxError:

            raise Fault('Invalid formatting')

        args['params'] = {'hashmap':None}

        args['format'] = 'json'

        return self.create_object(container, object, f=StringIO(data), **args)

    def create_manifestation(self, container, object, manifest, account=None):

        """creates a manifestation"""

        account = account or self.account

        headers={'x_object_manifest':manifest}

        return self.create_object(container, object, f=None, account=account,

                                  **headers)

    def update_object(self, container, object, f=stdin,

                      offset=None, meta={}, replace=False, content_length=None,

                      content_type=None, content_range=None,

                      content_encoding=None, content_disposition=None,

                      x_object_bytes=None, x_object_manifest=None,

                      x_object_sharing=None, x_object_public=None,

                      x_source_object=None, account=None):

        """updates an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'object', 'replace']:

            args.pop(elem)

        if not replace:

            args['params'] = {'update':None}

        return OOS_Client.update_object(self, container, object, **args)

    def update_object_using_chunks(self, container, object, f=stdin,

                                   blocksize=1024, offset=None, meta={},

                                   replace=False, content_type=None, content_encoding=None,

                                   content_disposition=None, x_object_bytes=None,

                                   x_object_manifest=None, x_object_sharing=None,

                                   x_object_public=None, account=None):

        """updates an object (incremental upload)"""

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'object', 'replace']:

            args.pop(elem)

        if not replace:

            args['params'] = {'update':None}

        return OOS_Client.update_object_using_chunks(self, container, object, **args)

    def update_from_other_source(self, container, object, source,

                      offset=None, meta={}, content_range=None,

                      content_encoding=None, content_disposition=None,

                      x_object_bytes=None, x_object_manifest=None,

                      x_object_sharing=None, x_object_public=None, account=None):

        """updates an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        args = locals().copy()

        for elem in ['self', 'container', 'object', 'source']:

            args.pop(elem)

        args['x_source_object'] = source

        return self.update_object(container, object, f=None, **args)

    def delete_object(self, container, object, until=None, account=None):

        """deletes an object or the object history until the date provided"""

        account = account or self.account

        params = {'until':until} if until else {}

        return OOS_Client.delete_object(self, container, object, params, account)

    def trash_object(self, container, object):

        """trashes an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s' % (container, object)

        meta = {'trash':'true'}

        return self._update_metadata(path, 'object', **meta)

    def restore_object(self, container, object, account=None):

        """restores a trashed object"""

        account = account or self.account

        return self.delete_object_metadata(container, object, account, ['trash'])

    def publish_object(self, container, object, account=None):

        """sets a previously created object publicly accessible"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        headers = {}

        headers['x_object_public'] = True

        params = {'update':None}

        return self.post(path, headers=headers, params=params)

    def unpublish_object(self, container, object, account=None):

        """unpublish an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (account, container, object)

        headers = {}

        headers['x_object_public'] = False

        params = {'update':None}

        return self.post(path, headers=headers, params=params)

    def copy_object(self, src_container, src_object, dst_container, dst_object,

                    meta={}, public=False, version=None, account=None,

                    content_type=None):

        """copies an object"""

        account = account or self.account

        headers = {}

        headers['x_object_public'] = public

        if version:

            headers['x_object_version'] = version

        return OOS_Client.copy_object(self, src_container, src_object,

                                      dst_container, dst_object, meta=meta,

                                      account=account, content_type=content_type,

                                      **headers)

    def move_object(self, src_container, src_object, dst_container,

                             dst_object, meta={}, public=False, version=None,

                             account=None, content_type=None):

        """moves an object"""

        headers = {}

        headers['x_object_public'] = public

        if version:

            headers['x_object_version'] = version

        return OOS_Client.move_object(self, src_container, src_object,

                                      dst_container, dst_object, meta=meta,

                                      account=account, content_type=content_type,

                                      **headers)

    def list_shared_by_others(self, limit=None, marker=None, format='text'):

        """lists other accounts that share objects to the user"""

        l = ['limit', 'marker']

        params = {}

        for elem in [elem for elem in l if eval(elem)]:

            params[elem] = eval(elem)

        return self._list('', format, params)

    def share_object(self, container, object, l, read=True):

        """gives access(read by default) to an object to a user/group list"""

        action = 'read' if read else 'write'

        sharing = '%s=%s' % (action, ','.join(l))

        self.update_object(container, object, f=None, x_object_sharing=sharing)

def _encode_headers(headers):

    h = {}

    for k, v in headers.items():

        k = urllib.quote(k)

        if v and type(v) == types.StringType:

            v = urllib.quote(v, '/=,-* :"')

        h[k] = v

    return h