Synnefo

# Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013 GRNET S.A. All rights reserved.

#

# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or

# without modification, are permitted provided that the following

# conditions are met:

#

#   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above

#      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

#      disclaimer.

#

#   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

#      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

#      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials

#      provided with the distribution.

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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY GRNET S.A. ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS

# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL GRNET S.A OR

# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

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# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF

# USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED

# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT

# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN

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# The views and conclusions contained in the software and

# documentation are those of the authors and should not be

# interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed

# or implied, of GRNET S.A.

import logging

from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _

from django.core.mail import send_mail, get_connection

from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

from django.contrib.auth import login as auth_login, logout as auth_logout

from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied

from django.db.models import Q

from django.http import Http404

from synnefo_branding.utils import render_to_string

from synnefo.lib import join_urls

from astakos.im.models import AstakosUser, Invitation, ProjectMembership, \

    ProjectApplication, Project, Chain, new_chain

from astakos.im.quotas import qh_sync_user, get_pending_app_quota, \

    register_pending_apps, qh_sync_project, qh_sync_locked_users, \

    get_users_for_update, members_to_sync

from astakos.im.project_notif import membership_change_notify, \

    membership_enroll_notify, membership_request_notify, \

    membership_leave_request_notify, application_submit_notify, \

    application_approve_notify, application_deny_notify, \

    project_termination_notify, project_suspension_notify

from astakos.im import settings

import astakos.im.messages as astakos_messages

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def login(request, user):

    auth_login(request, user)

    from astakos.im.models import SessionCatalog

    SessionCatalog(

        session_key=request.session.session_key,

        user=user

    ).save()

    logger.info('%s logged in.', user.log_display)

def logout(request, *args, **kwargs):

    user = request.user

    auth_logout(request, *args, **kwargs)

    logger.info('%s logged out.', user.log_display)

def send_verification(user, template_name='im/activation_email.txt'):

    """

    Send email to user to verify his/her email and activate his/her account.

    """

    url = join_urls(settings.BASE_HOST,

                    user.get_activation_url(nxt=reverse('index')))

    message = render_to_string(template_name, {

                               'user': user,

                               'url': url,

                               'baseurl': settings.BASE_URL,

                               'site_name': settings.SITENAME,

                               'support': settings.CONTACT_EMAIL})

    sender = settings.SERVER_EMAIL

    send_mail(_(astakos_messages.VERIFICATION_EMAIL_SUBJECT), message, sender,

              [user.email],

              connection=get_connection())

    logger.info("Sent user verirfication email: %s", user.log_display)

def _send_admin_notification(template_name,

                             context=None,

                             user=None,

                             msg="",

                             subject='alpha2 testing notification',):

    """

    Send notification email to settings.HELPDESK + settings.MANAGERS +

    settings.ADMINS.

    """

    if context is None:

        context = {}

    if not 'user' in context:

        context['user'] = user

    message = render_to_string(template_name, context)

    sender = settings.SERVER_EMAIL

    recipient_list = [e[1] for e in settings.HELPDESK +

                      settings.MANAGERS + settings.ADMINS]

    send_mail(subject, message, sender, recipient_list,

              connection=get_connection())

    if user:

        msg = 'Sent admin notification (%s) for user %s' % (msg,

                                                            user.log_display)

    else:

        msg = 'Sent admin notification (%s)' % msg

    logger.log(settings.LOGGING_LEVEL, msg)

def send_account_pending_moderation_notification(

        user,

        template_name='im/account_pending_moderation_notification.txt'):

    """

    Notify admins that a new user has verified his email address and moderation

    step is required to activate his account.

    """

    subject = (_(astakos_messages.ACCOUNT_CREATION_SUBJECT) %

               {'user': user.email})

    return _send_admin_notification(template_name, {}, subject=subject,

                                    user=user, msg="account creation")

def send_account_activated_notification(

        user,

        template_name='im/account_activated_notification.txt'):

    """

    Send email to settings.HELPDESK + settings.MANAGERES + settings.ADMINS

    lists to notify that a new account has been accepted and activated.

    """

    message = render_to_string(

        template_name,

        {'user': user}

    )

    sender = settings.SERVER_EMAIL

    recipient_list = [e[1] for e in settings.HELPDESK +

                      settings.MANAGERS + settings.ADMINS]

    send_mail(_(astakos_messages.HELPDESK_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_SUBJECT) %

              {'user': user.email},

              message, sender, recipient_list, connection=get_connection())

    msg = 'Sent helpdesk admin notification for %s'

    logger.log(settings.LOGGING_LEVEL, msg, user.email)

def send_invitation(invitation, template_name='im/invitation.txt'):

    """

    Send invitation email.

    """

    subject = _(astakos_messages.INVITATION_EMAIL_SUBJECT)

    url = '%s?code=%d' % (join_urls(settings.BASE_HOST,

                                    reverse('index')), invitation.code)

    message = render_to_string(template_name, {

                               'invitation': invitation,

                               'url': url,

                               'baseurl': settings.BASE_URL,

                               'site_name': settings.SITENAME,

                               'support': settings.CONTACT_EMAIL})

    sender = settings.SERVER_EMAIL

    send_mail(subject, message, sender, [invitation.username],

              connection=get_connection())

    msg = 'Sent invitation %s'

    logger.log(settings.LOGGING_LEVEL, msg, invitation)

    inviter_invitations = invitation.inviter.invitations

    invitation.inviter.invitations = max(0, inviter_invitations - 1)

    invitation.inviter.save()

def send_greeting(user, email_template_name='im/welcome_email.txt'):

    """

    Send welcome email to an accepted/activated user.

    Raises SMTPException, socket.error

    """

    subject = _(astakos_messages.GREETING_EMAIL_SUBJECT)

    message = render_to_string(email_template_name, {

                               'user': user,

                               'url': join_urls(settings.BASE_HOST,

                                                reverse('index')),

                               'baseurl': settings.BASE_URL,

                               'site_name': settings.SITENAME,

                               'support': settings.CONTACT_EMAIL})

    sender = settings.SERVER_EMAIL

    send_mail(subject, message, sender, [user.email],

              connection=get_connection())

    msg = 'Sent greeting %s'

    logger.log(settings.LOGGING_LEVEL, msg, user.log_display)

def send_feedback(msg, data, user, email_template_name='im/feedback_mail.txt'):

    subject = _(astakos_messages.FEEDBACK_EMAIL_SUBJECT)

    from_email = settings.SERVER_EMAIL

    recipient_list = [e[1] for e in settings.HELPDESK]

    content = render_to_string(email_template_name, {

        'message': msg,

        'data': data,

        'user': user})

    send_mail(subject, content, from_email, recipient_list,

              connection=get_connection())

    msg = 'Sent feedback from %s'

    logger.log(settings.LOGGING_LEVEL, msg, user.log_display)

def send_change_email(ec, request,

                      email_template_name=

                      'registration/email_change_email.txt'):

    url = ec.get_url()

    url = request.build_absolute_uri(url)

    c = {'url': url, 'site_name': settings.SITENAME,

         'support': settings.CONTACT_EMAIL, 'ec': ec}

    message = render_to_string(email_template_name, c)

    from_email = settings.SERVER_EMAIL

    send_mail(_(astakos_messages.EMAIL_CHANGE_EMAIL_SUBJECT), message,

              from_email,

              [ec.new_email_address], connection=get_connection())

    msg = 'Sent change email for %s'

    logger.log(settings.LOGGING_LEVEL, msg, ec.user.log_display)

def invite(inviter, email, realname):

    inv = Invitation(inviter=inviter, username=email, realname=realname)

    inv.save()

    send_invitation(inv)

    inviter.invitations = max(0, inviter.invitations - 1)

    inviter.save()

### PROJECT FUNCTIONS ###

AUTO_ACCEPT_POLICY = 1

MODERATED_POLICY = 2

CLOSED_POLICY = 3

POLICIES = [AUTO_ACCEPT_POLICY, MODERATED_POLICY, CLOSED_POLICY]

def get_project_by_application_id(project_application_id):

    try:

        return Project.objects.get(application__id=project_application_id)

    except Project.DoesNotExist:

        m = (_(astakos_messages.UNKNOWN_PROJECT_APPLICATION_ID) %

             project_application_id)

        raise IOError(m)

def get_related_project_id(application_id):

    try:

        app = ProjectApplication.objects.get(id=application_id)

        chain = app.chain

        Project.objects.get(id=chain)

        return chain

    except (ProjectApplication.DoesNotExist, Project.DoesNotExist):

        return None

def get_chain_of_application_id(application_id):

    try:

        app = ProjectApplication.objects.get(id=application_id)

        chain = app.chain

        return chain.chain

    except ProjectApplication.DoesNotExist:

        return None

def get_project_by_id(project_id):

    try:

        return Project.objects.get(id=project_id)

    except Project.DoesNotExist:

        m = _(astakos_messages.UNKNOWN_PROJECT_ID) % project_id

        raise IOError(m)

def get_project_by_name(name):

    try:

        return Project.objects.get(name=name)

    except Project.DoesNotExist:

        m = _(astakos_messages.UNKNOWN_PROJECT_ID) % name

        raise IOError(m)

def get_chain_for_update(chain_id):

    try:

        return Chain.objects.get_for_update(chain=chain_id)

    except Chain.DoesNotExist:

        m = _(astakos_messages.UNKNOWN_PROJECT_ID) % chain_id

        raise IOError(m)

def get_chain_of_application_for_update(app_id):

    app = get_application(app_id)

    return Chain.objects.get_for_update(chain=app.chain_id)

def get_application(application_id):

    try:

        return ProjectApplication.objects.get(id=application_id)

    except ProjectApplication.DoesNotExist:

        m = _(astakos_messages.UNKNOWN_PROJECT_APPLICATION_ID) % application_id

        raise IOError(m)

def get_user_by_id(user_id):

    try:

        return AstakosUser.objects.get(id=user_id)

    except AstakosUser.DoesNotExist:

        m = _(astakos_messages.UNKNOWN_USER_ID) % user_id

        raise IOError(m)

def get_user_by_uuid(uuid):

    try:

        return AstakosUser.objects.get(uuid=uuid)

    except AstakosUser.DoesNotExist:

        m = _(astakos_messages.UNKNOWN_USER_ID) % uuid

        raise IOError(m)

def get_membership(project_id, user_id):

    try:

        objs = ProjectMembership.objects.select_related('project', 'person')

        return objs.get(project__id=project_id, person__id=user_id)

    except ProjectMembership.DoesNotExist:

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST)

        raise IOError(m)

def get_membership_by_id(project_id, memb_id):

    try:

        objs = ProjectMembership.objects.select_related('project', 'person')

        return objs.get(project__id=project_id, id=memb_id)

    except ProjectMembership.DoesNotExist:

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST)

        raise IOError(m)

def checkAllowed(entity, request_user, admin_only=False):

    if isinstance(entity, Project):

        application = entity.application

    elif isinstance(entity, ProjectApplication):

        application = entity

    else:

        m = "%s not a Project nor a ProjectApplication" % (entity,)

        raise ValueError(m)

    if not request_user or request_user.is_project_admin():

        return

    if not admin_only and application.owner == request_user:

        return

    m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_ALLOWED)

    raise PermissionDenied(m)

def checkAlive(project):

    if not project.is_alive:

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_ALIVE_PROJECT) % project.id

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

def accept_membership_checks(project, request_user):

    checkAllowed(project, request_user)

    checkAlive(project)

    join_policy = project.application.member_join_policy

    if join_policy == CLOSED_POLICY:

        m = _(astakos_messages.MEMBER_JOIN_POLICY_CLOSED)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    if project.violates_members_limit(adding=1):

        m = _(astakos_messages.MEMBER_NUMBER_LIMIT_REACHED)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

def accept_membership(project_id, memb_id, request_user=None):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    membership = get_membership_by_id(project_id, memb_id)

    if not membership.can_accept():

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    project = membership.project

    accept_membership_checks(project, request_user)

    user = membership.person

    membership.accept()

    qh_sync_user(user)

    logger.info("User %s has been accepted in %s." %

                (user.log_display, project))

    membership_change_notify(project, user, 'accepted')

    return membership

def reject_membership_checks(project, request_user):

    checkAllowed(project, request_user)

    checkAlive(project)

def reject_membership(project_id, memb_id, request_user=None):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    membership = get_membership_by_id(project_id, memb_id)

    if not membership.can_reject():

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    project = membership.project

    reject_membership_checks(project, request_user)

    user = membership.person

    membership.reject()

    logger.info("Request of user %s for %s has been rejected." %

                (user.log_display, project))

    membership_change_notify(project, user, 'rejected')

    return membership

def cancel_membership_checks(project):

    checkAlive(project)

def cancel_membership(project_id, request_user):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    membership = get_membership(project_id, request_user.id)

    if not membership.can_cancel():

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    project = membership.project

    cancel_membership_checks(project)

    membership.cancel()

    logger.info("Request of user %s for %s has been cancelled." %

                (membership.person.log_display, project))

def remove_membership_checks(project, request_user=None):

    checkAllowed(project, request_user)

    checkAlive(project)

    leave_policy = project.application.member_leave_policy

    if leave_policy == CLOSED_POLICY:

        m = _(astakos_messages.MEMBER_LEAVE_POLICY_CLOSED)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

def remove_membership(project_id, memb_id, request_user=None):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    membership = get_membership_by_id(project_id, memb_id)

    if not membership.can_remove():

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_ACCEPTED_MEMBERSHIP)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    project = membership.project

    remove_membership_checks(project, request_user)

    user = membership.person

    membership.remove()

    qh_sync_user(user)

    logger.info("User %s has been removed from %s." %

                (user.log_display, project))

    membership_change_notify(project, user, 'removed')

    return membership

def enroll_member(project_id, user, request_user=None):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    project = get_project_by_id(project_id)

    accept_membership_checks(project, request_user)

    membership, created = ProjectMembership.objects.get_or_create(

        project=project,

        person=user)

    if not membership.can_accept():

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    membership.accept()

    qh_sync_user(user)

    logger.info("User %s has been enrolled in %s." %

                (membership.person.log_display, project))

    membership_enroll_notify(project, membership.person)

    return membership

def leave_project_checks(project):

    checkAlive(project)

    leave_policy = project.application.member_leave_policy

    if leave_policy == CLOSED_POLICY:

        m = _(astakos_messages.MEMBER_LEAVE_POLICY_CLOSED)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

def can_leave_request(project, user):

    try:

        leave_project_checks(project)

    except PermissionDenied:

        return False

    m = user.get_membership(project)

    if m is None:

        return False

    return m.can_leave()

def leave_project(project_id, request_user):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    membership = get_membership(project_id, request_user.id)

    if not membership.can_leave():

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_ACCEPTED_MEMBERSHIP)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    project = membership.project

    leave_project_checks(project)

    auto_accepted = False

    leave_policy = project.application.member_leave_policy

    if leave_policy == AUTO_ACCEPT_POLICY:

        membership.remove()

        qh_sync_user(request_user)

        logger.info("User %s has left %s." %

                    (request_user.log_display, project))

        auto_accepted = True

    else:

        membership.leave_request()

        logger.info("User %s requested to leave %s." %

                    (request_user.log_display, project))

        membership_leave_request_notify(project, membership.person)

    return auto_accepted

def join_project_checks(project):

    checkAlive(project)

    join_policy = project.application.member_join_policy

    if join_policy == CLOSED_POLICY:

        m = _(astakos_messages.MEMBER_JOIN_POLICY_CLOSED)

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

def can_join_request(project, user):

    try:

        join_project_checks(project)

    except PermissionDenied:

        return False

    m = user.get_membership(project)

    return not(m)

def join_project(project_id, request_user):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    project = get_project_by_id(project_id)

    join_project_checks(project)

    membership, created = ProjectMembership.objects.get_or_create(

        project=project,

        person=request_user)

    if not created:

        msg = _(astakos_messages.MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST_EXISTS)

        raise PermissionDenied(msg)

    auto_accepted = False

    join_policy = project.application.member_join_policy

    if (join_policy == AUTO_ACCEPT_POLICY and (

            not project.violates_members_limit(adding=1))):

        membership.accept()

        qh_sync_user(request_user)

        logger.info("User %s joined %s." %

                    (request_user.log_display, project))

        auto_accepted = True

    else:

        membership_request_notify(project, membership.person)

        logger.info("User %s requested to join %s." %

                    (request_user.log_display, project))

    return auto_accepted

def submit_application(owner=None,

                       name=None,

                       precursor_id=None,

                       homepage=None,

                       description=None,

                       start_date=None,

                       end_date=None,

                       member_join_policy=None,

                       member_leave_policy=None,

                       limit_on_members_number=None,

                       comments=None,

                       resource_policies=None,

                       request_user=None):

    precursor = None

    if precursor_id is not None:

        get_chain_of_application_for_update(precursor_id)

        precursor = ProjectApplication.objects.get(id=precursor_id)

        if (request_user and

            (not precursor.owner == request_user and

             not request_user.is_superuser

             and not request_user.is_project_admin())):

            m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_ALLOWED)

            raise PermissionDenied(m)

    force = request_user.is_project_admin()

    ok, limit = qh_add_pending_app(owner, precursor, force)

    if not ok:

        m = _(astakos_messages.REACHED_PENDING_APPLICATION_LIMIT) % limit

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    application = ProjectApplication(

        applicant=request_user,

        owner=owner,

        name=name,

        precursor_application_id=precursor_id,

        homepage=homepage,

        description=description,

        start_date=start_date,

        end_date=end_date,

        member_join_policy=member_join_policy,

        member_leave_policy=member_leave_policy,

        limit_on_members_number=limit_on_members_number,

        comments=comments)

    if precursor is None:

        application.chain = new_chain()

    else:

        chain = precursor.chain

        application.chain = chain

        objs = ProjectApplication.objects

        pending = objs.filter(chain=chain, state=ProjectApplication.PENDING)

        for app in pending:

            app.state = ProjectApplication.REPLACED

            app.save()

    application.save()

    if resource_policies is not None:

        application.set_resource_policies(resource_policies)

    logger.info("User %s submitted %s." %

                (request_user.log_display, application.log_display))

    application_submit_notify(application)

    return application

def cancel_application(application_id, request_user=None, reason=""):

    get_chain_of_application_for_update(application_id)

    application = get_application(application_id)

    checkAllowed(application, request_user)

    if not application.can_cancel():

        m = _(astakos_messages.APPLICATION_CANNOT_CANCEL %

              (application.id, application.state_display()))

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    qh_release_pending_app(application.owner)

    application.cancel()

    logger.info("%s has been cancelled." % (application.log_display))

def dismiss_application(application_id, request_user=None, reason=""):

    get_chain_of_application_for_update(application_id)

    application = get_application(application_id)

    checkAllowed(application, request_user)

    if not application.can_dismiss():

        m = _(astakos_messages.APPLICATION_CANNOT_DISMISS %

              (application.id, application.state_display()))

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    application.dismiss()

    logger.info("%s has been dismissed." % (application.log_display))

def deny_application(application_id, request_user=None, reason=""):

    get_chain_of_application_for_update(application_id)

    application = get_application(application_id)

    checkAllowed(application, request_user, admin_only=True)

    if not application.can_deny():

        m = _(astakos_messages.APPLICATION_CANNOT_DENY %

              (application.id, application.state_display()))

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    qh_release_pending_app(application.owner)

    application.deny(reason)

    logger.info("%s has been denied with reason \"%s\"." %

                (application.log_display, reason))

    application_deny_notify(application)

def check_conflicting_projects(application):

    try:

        project = get_project_by_id(application.chain)

    except IOError:

        project = None

    new_project_name = application.name

    try:

        q = Q(name=new_project_name) & ~Q(state=Project.TERMINATED)

        conflicting_project = Project.objects.get(q)

        if (conflicting_project != project):

            m = (_("cannot approve: project with name '%s' "

                   "already exists (id: %s)") % (

                    new_project_name, conflicting_project.id))

            raise PermissionDenied(m) # invalid argument

    except Project.DoesNotExist:

        pass

    return project

def approve_application(app_id, request_user=None, reason=""):

    get_chain_of_application_for_update(app_id)

    application = get_application(app_id)

    checkAllowed(application, request_user, admin_only=True)

    if not application.can_approve():

        m = _(astakos_messages.APPLICATION_CANNOT_APPROVE %

              (application.id, application.state_display()))

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    project = check_conflicting_projects(application)

    # Pre-lock members and owner together in order to impose an ordering

    # on locking users

    members = members_to_sync(project) if project is not None else []

    uids_to_sync = [member.id for member in members]

    owner = application.owner

    uids_to_sync.append(owner.id)

    get_users_for_update(uids_to_sync)

    qh_release_pending_app(owner, locked=True)

    application.approve(reason)

    qh_sync_locked_users(members)

    logger.info("%s has been approved." % (application.log_display))

    application_approve_notify(application)

def check_expiration(execute=False):

    objects = Project.objects

    expired = objects.expired_projects()

    if execute:

        for project in expired:

            terminate(project.pk)

    return [project.expiration_info() for project in expired]

def terminate(project_id, request_user=None):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    project = get_project_by_id(project_id)

    checkAllowed(project, request_user, admin_only=True)

    checkAlive(project)

    project.terminate()

    qh_sync_project(project)

    logger.info("%s has been terminated." % (project))

    project_termination_notify(project)

def suspend(project_id, request_user=None):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    project = get_project_by_id(project_id)

    checkAllowed(project, request_user, admin_only=True)

    checkAlive(project)

    project.suspend()

    qh_sync_project(project)

    logger.info("%s has been suspended." % (project))

    project_suspension_notify(project)

def resume(project_id, request_user=None):

    get_chain_for_update(project_id)

    project = get_project_by_id(project_id)

    checkAllowed(project, request_user, admin_only=True)

    if not project.is_suspended:

        m = _(astakos_messages.NOT_SUSPENDED_PROJECT) % project.id

        raise PermissionDenied(m)

    project.resume()

    qh_sync_project(project)

    logger.info("%s has been unsuspended." % (project))

def get_by_chain_or_404(chain_id):

    try:

        project = Project.objects.get(id=chain_id)

        application = project.application

        return project, application

    except:

        application = ProjectApplication.objects.latest_of_chain(chain_id)

        if application is None:

            raise Http404

        else:

            return None, application

def _partition_by(f, l):

    d = {}

    for x in l:

        group = f(x)

        group_l = d.get(group, [])

        group_l.append(x)

        d[group] = group_l

    return d

def count_pending_app(users):

    users = list(users)

    apps = ProjectApplication.objects.filter(state=ProjectApplication.PENDING,

                                             owner__in=users)