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       #!/usr/bin/env python
       # Copyright 2011 GRNET S.A. All rights reserved.
+      #
       # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
       # without modification, are permitted provided that the following
       # conditions are met:
+      #
       #   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above
       #      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
       #      disclaimer.
+      #
       #   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
       #      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
       #      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
       #      provided with the distribution.
+      #
       # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY GRNET S.A. ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
       # OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
       # WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       # PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL GRNET S.A OR
       # CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
       # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
       # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
       # USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
       # AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
       # LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
       # ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
       # POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+      #
       # The views and conclusions contained in the software and
       # documentation are those of the authors and should not be
       # interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed
       # or implied, of GRNET S.A.
       """Perform integration testing on a running Synnefo deployment"""
       import __main__
       import datetime
       import inspect
       import logging
       import os
       import paramiko
       import prctl
       import subprocess
       import signal
       import socket
       import sys
       import time
       from base64 import b64encode
       from IPy import IP
       from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
       from random import choice
       from kamaki.clients.compute import ComputeClient
       from kamaki.clients.cyclades import CycladesClient
       from kamaki.clients import ClientError
       from fabric.api import *
       from vncauthproxy.d3des import generate_response as d3des_generate_response
       # Use backported unittest functionality if Python < 2.7
       try:
           import unittest2 as unittest
       except ImportError:
           if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
               raise Exception("The unittest2 package is required for Python < 2.7")
           import unittest
       API = None
       TOKEN = None
       DEFAULT_API = "https://cyclades.okeanos.grnet.gr/api/v1.1"
       # A unique id identifying this test run
       TEST_RUN_ID = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.now(),
                                                "%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
       SNF_TEST_PREFIX = "snf-test-"
       # Setup logging (FIXME - verigak)
       logging.basicConfig(format="%(message)s")
       log = logging.getLogger("burnin")
       log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
       class UnauthorizedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
           def test_unauthorized_access(self):
               """Test access without a valid token fails"""
               log.info("Authentication test")
               falseToken = '12345'
               c = ComputeClient(API, falseToken)
               with self.assertRaises(ClientError) as cm:
                   c.list_servers()
                   self.assertEqual(cm.exception.status, 401)
       class ImagesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
           """Test image lists for consistency"""
           @classmethod
           def setUpClass(cls):
               """Initialize kamaki, get (detailed) list of images"""
               log.info("Getting simple and detailed list of images")
               cls.client = ComputeClient(API, TOKEN)
               cls.images = cls.client.list_images()
               cls.dimages = cls.client.list_images(detail=True)
           def test_001_list_images(self):
               """Test image list actually returns images"""
               self.assertGreater(len(self.images), 0)
           def test_002_list_images_detailed(self):
               """Test detailed image list is the same length as list"""
               self.assertEqual(len(self.dimages), len(self.images))
           def test_003_same_image_names(self):
               """Test detailed and simple image list contain same names"""
               names = sorted(map(lambda x: x["name"], self.images))
               dnames = sorted(map(lambda x: x["name"], self.dimages))
               self.assertEqual(names, dnames)
           def test_004_unique_image_names(self):
               """Test images have unique names"""
               names = sorted(map(lambda x: x["name"], self.images))
               self.assertEqual(sorted(list(set(names))), names)
           def test_005_image_metadata(self):
               """Test every image has specific metadata defined"""
               keys = frozenset(["os", "description", "size"])
               for i in self.dimages:
                   self.assertTrue(keys.issubset(i["metadata"]["values"].keys()))
       class FlavorsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
           """Test flavor lists for consistency"""
           @classmethod
           def setUpClass(cls):
               """Initialize kamaki, get (detailed) list of flavors"""
               log.info("Getting simple and detailed list of flavors")
               cls.client = ComputeClient(API, TOKEN)
               cls.flavors = cls.client.list_flavors()
               cls.dflavors = cls.client.list_flavors(detail=True)
           def test_001_list_flavors(self):
               """Test flavor list actually returns flavors"""
               self.assertGreater(len(self.flavors), 0)
           def test_002_list_flavors_detailed(self):
               """Test detailed flavor list is the same length as list"""
               self.assertEquals(len(self.dflavors), len(self.flavors))
           def test_003_same_flavor_names(self):
               """Test detailed and simple flavor list contain same names"""
               names = sorted(map(lambda x: x["name"], self.flavors))
               dnames = sorted(map(lambda x: x["name"], self.dflavors))
               self.assertEqual(names, dnames)
           def test_004_unique_flavor_names(self):
               """Test flavors have unique names"""
               names = sorted(map(lambda x: x["name"], self.flavors))
               self.assertEqual(sorted(list(set(names))), names)
           def test_005_well_formed_flavor_names(self):
               """Test flavors have names of the form CxxRyyDzz
               Where xx is vCPU count, yy is RAM in MiB, zz is Disk in GiB
               """
               for f in self.dflavors:
                   self.assertEqual("C%dR%dD%d" % (f["cpu"], f["ram"], f["disk"]),
                                    f["name"],
                                    "Flavor %s does not match its specs." % f["name"])
       class ServersTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
           """Test server lists for consistency"""
           @classmethod
           def setUpClass(cls):
               """Initialize kamaki, get (detailed) list of servers"""
               log.info("Getting simple and detailed list of servers")
               cls.client = ComputeClient(API, TOKEN)
               cls.servers = cls.client.list_servers()
               cls.dservers = cls.client.list_servers(detail=True)
           # def test_001_list_servers(self):
           #     """Test server list actually returns servers"""
           #     self.assertGreater(len(self.servers), 0)
           def test_002_list_servers_detailed(self):
               """Test detailed server list is the same length as list"""
               self.assertEqual(len(self.dservers), len(self.servers))
           def test_003_same_server_names(self):
               """Test detailed and simple flavor list contain same names"""
               names = sorted(map(lambda x: x["name"], self.servers))
               dnames = sorted(map(lambda x: x["name"], self.dservers))
               self.assertEqual(names, dnames)
       # This class gets replicated into actual TestCases dynamically
       class SpawnServerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
           """Test scenario for server of the specified image"""
           @classmethod
           def setUpClass(cls):
               """Initialize a kamaki instance"""
               log.info("Spawning server for image `%s'", cls.imagename)
               cls.client = ComputeClient(API, TOKEN)
               cls.cyclades = CycladesClient(API, TOKEN)
           def _get_ipv4(self, server):
               """Get the public IPv4 of a server from the detailed server info"""
               public_addrs = filter(lambda x: x["id"] == "public",
                                     server["addresses"]["values"])
               self.assertEqual(len(public_addrs), 1)
               ipv4_addrs = filter(lambda x: x["version"] == 4,
                                   public_addrs[0]["values"])
               self.assertEqual(len(ipv4_addrs), 1)
               return ipv4_addrs[0]["addr"]
           def _get_ipv6(self, server):
               """Get the public IPv6 of a server from the detailed server info"""
               public_addrs = filter(lambda x: x["id"] == "public",
                                     server["addresses"]["values"])
               self.assertEqual(len(public_addrs), 1)
               ipv6_addrs = filter(lambda x: x["version"] == 6,
                                   public_addrs[0]["values"])
               self.assertEqual(len(ipv6_addrs), 1)
               return ipv6_addrs[0]["addr"]
           def _connect_loginname(self, os):
               """Return the login name for connections based on the server OS"""
               if os in ("Ubuntu", "Kubuntu", "Fedora"):
                   return "user"
               elif os in ("windows", "windows_alpha1"):
                   return "Administrator"
               else:
                   return "root"
           def _verify_server_status(self, current_status, new_status):
               """Verify a server has switched to a specified status"""
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               if server["status"] not in (current_status, new_status):
                   return None  # Do not raise exception, return so the test fails
               self.assertEquals(server["status"], new_status)
           def _get_connected_tcp_socket(self, family, host, port):
               """Get a connected socket from the specified family to host:port"""
               sock = None
               for res in \
                   socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0,
                                      socket.AI_PASSIVE):
                   af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
                   try:
                       sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
                   except socket.error as msg:
                       sock = None
                       continue
                   try:
                       sock.connect(sa)
                   except socket.error as msg:
                       sock.close()
                       sock = None
                       continue
               self.assertIsNotNone(sock)
               return sock
           def _ping_once(self, ipv6, ip):
               """Test server responds to a single IPv4 or IPv6 ping"""
               cmd = "ping%s -c 2 -w 3 %s" % ("6" if ipv6 else "", ip)
               ping = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True,
                                       stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
               (stdout, stderr) = ping.communicate()
               ret = ping.wait()
               self.assertEquals(ret, 0)
           def _get_hostname_over_ssh(self, hostip, username, password):
               ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
               ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
               try:
                   ssh.connect(hostip, username=username, password=password)
               except socket.error:
                   raise AssertionError
               stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("hostname")
               lines = stdout.readlines()
               self.assertEqual(len(lines), 1)
               return lines[0]
           def _try_until_timeout_expires(self, warn_timeout, fail_timeout,
                                          opmsg, callable, *args, **kwargs):
               if warn_timeout == fail_timeout:
                   warn_timeout = fail_timeout + 1
               warn_tmout = time.time() + warn_timeout
               fail_tmout = time.time() + fail_timeout
               while True:
                   self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout,
                                   "operation `%s' timed out" % opmsg)
                   if time.time() > warn_tmout:
                       log.warning("Server %d: `%s' operation `%s' not done yet",
                                   self.serverid, self.servername, opmsg)
                   try:
                       log.info("%s... " % opmsg)
                       return callable(*args, **kwargs)
                   except AssertionError:
                       pass
                   time.sleep(self.query_interval)
           def _insist_on_tcp_connection(self, family, host, port):
               familystr = {socket.AF_INET: "IPv4", socket.AF_INET6: "IPv6",
                            socket.AF_UNSPEC: "Unspecified-IPv4/6"}
               msg = "connect over %s to %s:%s" % \
                     (familystr.get(family, "Unknown"), host, port)
               sock = self._try_until_timeout_expires(
                       self.action_timeout, self.action_timeout,
                       msg, self._get_connected_tcp_socket,
                       family, host, port)
               return sock
           def _insist_on_status_transition(self, current_status, new_status,
                                           fail_timeout, warn_timeout=None):
               msg = "Server %d: `%s', waiting for %s -> %s" % \
                     (self.serverid, self.servername, current_status, new_status)
               if warn_timeout is None:
                   warn_timeout = fail_timeout
               self._try_until_timeout_expires(warn_timeout, fail_timeout,
                                               msg, self._verify_server_status,
                                               current_status, new_status)
               # Ensure the status is actually the expected one
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               self.assertEquals(server["status"], new_status)
           def _insist_on_ssh_hostname(self, hostip, username, password):
               msg = "SSH to %s, as %s/%s" % (hostip, username, password)
               hostname = self._try_until_timeout_expires(
                       self.action_timeout, self.action_timeout,
                       msg, self._get_hostname_over_ssh,
                       hostip, username, password)
               # The hostname must be of the form 'prefix-id'
               self.assertTrue(hostname.endswith("-%d\n" % self.serverid))
           def _check_file_through_ssh(self, hostip, username, password,
                                       remotepath, content):
               msg = "Trying file injection through SSH to %s, as %s/%s" % \
                   (hostip, username, password)
               log.info(msg)
               try:
                   ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
                   ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
                   ssh.connect(hostip, username=username, password=password)
               except socket.error:
                   raise AssertionError
               transport = paramiko.Transport((hostip, 22))
               transport.connect(username=username, password=password)
               localpath = '/tmp/' + SNF_TEST_PREFIX + 'injection'
               sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
               sftp.get(remotepath, localpath)
               sftp.close()
               transport.close()
               f = open(localpath)
               remote_content = b64encode(f.read())
               # Check if files are the same
               return (remote_content == content)
           def _skipIf(self, condition, msg):
               if condition:
                   self.skipTest(msg)
           def test_001_submit_create_server(self):
               """Test submit create server request"""
               log.info("Submit new server request")
               server = self.client.create_server(self.servername, self.flavorid,
                                                  self.imageid, self.personality)
               log.info("Server id: " + str(server["id"]))
               log.info("Server password: " + server["adminPass"])
               self.assertEqual(server["name"], self.servername)
               self.assertEqual(server["flavorRef"], self.flavorid)
               self.assertEqual(server["imageRef"], self.imageid)
               self.assertEqual(server["status"], "BUILD")
               # Update class attributes to reflect data on building server
               cls = type(self)
               cls.serverid = server["id"]
               cls.username = None
               cls.passwd = server["adminPass"]
           def test_002a_server_is_building_in_list(self):
               """Test server is in BUILD state, in server list"""
               log.info("Server in BUILD state in server list")
               servers = self.client.list_servers(detail=True)
               servers = filter(lambda x: x["name"] == self.servername, servers)
               self.assertEqual(len(servers), 1)
               server = servers[0]
               self.assertEqual(server["name"], self.servername)
               self.assertEqual(server["flavorRef"], self.flavorid)
               self.assertEqual(server["imageRef"], self.imageid)
               self.assertEqual(server["status"], "BUILD")
           def test_002b_server_is_building_in_details(self):
               """Test server is in BUILD state, in details"""
               log.info("Server in BUILD state in details")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               self.assertEqual(server["name"], self.servername)
               self.assertEqual(server["flavorRef"], self.flavorid)
               self.assertEqual(server["imageRef"], self.imageid)
               self.assertEqual(server["status"], "BUILD")
           def test_002c_set_server_metadata(self):
               log.info("Creating server metadata")
               image = self.client.get_image_details(self.imageid)
               os = image["metadata"]["values"]["os"]
               loginname = image["metadata"]["values"].get("users", None)
               self.client.update_server_metadata(self.serverid, OS=os)
               userlist = loginname.split()
               # Determine the username to use for future connections
               # to this host
               cls = type(self)
               if "root" in userlist:
                   cls.username = "root"
               elif users == None:
                   cls.username = self._connect_loginname(os)
               else:
                   cls.username = choice(userlist)
               self.assertIsNotNone(cls.username)
           def test_002d_verify_server_metadata(self):
               """Test server metadata keys are set based on image metadata"""
               log.info("Verifying image metadata")
               servermeta = self.client.get_server_metadata(self.serverid)
               imagemeta = self.client.get_image_metadata(self.imageid)
               self.assertEqual(servermeta["OS"], imagemeta["os"])
           def test_003_server_becomes_active(self):
               """Test server becomes ACTIVE"""
               log.info("Waiting for server to become ACTIVE")
               self._insist_on_status_transition("BUILD", "ACTIVE",
                                                self.build_fail, self.build_warning)
           def test_003a_get_server_oob_console(self):
               """Test getting OOB server console over VNC
               Implementation of RFB protocol follows
               http://www.realvnc.com/docs/rfbproto.pdf.
               """
               console = self.cyclades.get_server_console(self.serverid)
               self.assertEquals(console['type'], "vnc")
               sock = self._insist_on_tcp_connection(socket.AF_INET,
                                               console["host"], console["port"])
               # Step 1. ProtocolVersion message (par. 6.1.1)
               version = sock.recv(1024)
               self.assertEquals(version, 'RFB 003.008\n')
               sock.send(version)
               # Step 2. Security (par 6.1.2): Only VNC Authentication supported
               sec = sock.recv(1024)
               self.assertEquals(list(sec), ['\x01', '\x02'])
               # Step 3. Request VNC Authentication (par 6.1.2)
               sock.send('\x02')
               # Step 4. Receive Challenge (par 6.2.2)
               challenge = sock.recv(1024)
               self.assertEquals(len(challenge), 16)
               # Step 5. DES-Encrypt challenge, use password as key (par 6.2.2)
               response = d3des_generate_response(
                   (console["password"] + '\0' * 8)[:8], challenge)
               sock.send(response)
               # Step 6. SecurityResult (par 6.1.3)
               result = sock.recv(4)
               self.assertEquals(list(result), ['\x00', '\x00', '\x00', '\x00'])
               sock.close()
           def test_004_server_has_ipv4(self):
               """Test active server has a valid IPv4 address"""
               log.info("Validate server's IPv4")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               ipv4 = self._get_ipv4(server)
               self.assertEquals(IP(ipv4).version(), 4)
           def test_005_server_has_ipv6(self):
               """Test active server has a valid IPv6 address"""
               log.info("Validate server's IPv6")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               ipv6 = self._get_ipv6(server)
               self.assertEquals(IP(ipv6).version(), 6)
           def test_006_server_responds_to_ping_IPv4(self):
               """Test server responds to ping on IPv4 address"""
               log.info("Testing if server responds to pings in IPv4")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               ip = self._get_ipv4(server)
               self._try_until_timeout_expires(self.action_timeout,
                                               self.action_timeout,
                                               "PING IPv4 to %s" % ip,
                                               self._ping_once,
                                               False, ip)
           def test_007_server_responds_to_ping_IPv6(self):
               """Test server responds to ping on IPv6 address"""
               log.info("Testing if server responds to pings in IPv6")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               ip = self._get_ipv6(server)
               self._try_until_timeout_expires(self.action_timeout,
                                               self.action_timeout,
                                               "PING IPv6 to %s" % ip,
                                               self._ping_once,
                                               True, ip)
           def test_008_submit_shutdown_request(self):
               """Test submit request to shutdown server"""
               log.info("Shutting down server")
               self.cyclades.shutdown_server(self.serverid)
           def test_009_server_becomes_stopped(self):
               """Test server becomes STOPPED"""
               log.info("Waiting until server becomes STOPPED")
               self._insist_on_status_transition("ACTIVE", "STOPPED",
                                                self.action_timeout,
                                                self.action_timeout)
           def test_010_submit_start_request(self):
               """Test submit start server request"""
               log.info("Starting server")
               self.cyclades.start_server(self.serverid)
           def test_011_server_becomes_active(self):
               """Test server becomes ACTIVE again"""
               log.info("Waiting until server becomes ACTIVE")
               self._insist_on_status_transition("STOPPED", "ACTIVE",
                                                self.action_timeout,
                                                self.action_timeout)
           def test_011a_server_responds_to_ping_IPv4(self):
               """Test server OS is actually up and running again"""
               log.info("Testing if server is actually up and running")
               self.test_006_server_responds_to_ping_IPv4()
           def test_012_ssh_to_server_IPv4(self):
               """Test SSH to server public IPv4 works, verify hostname"""
               self._skipIf(self.is_windows, "only valid for Linux servers")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               self._insist_on_ssh_hostname(self._get_ipv4(server),
                                            self.username, self.passwd)
           def test_013_ssh_to_server_IPv6(self):
               """Test SSH to server public IPv6 works, verify hostname"""
               self._skipIf(self.is_windows, "only valid for Linux servers")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               self._insist_on_ssh_hostname(self._get_ipv6(server),
                                            self.username, self.passwd)
           def test_014_rdp_to_server_IPv4(self):
               "Test RDP connection to server public IPv4 works"""
               self._skipIf(not self.is_windows, "only valid for Windows servers")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               ipv4 = self._get_ipv4(server)
               sock = _insist_on_tcp_connection(socket.AF_INET, ipv4, 3389)
               # No actual RDP processing done. We assume the RDP server is there
               # if the connection to the RDP port is successful.
               # FIXME: Use rdesktop, analyze exit code? see manpage [costasd]
               sock.close()
           def test_015_rdp_to_server_IPv6(self):
               "Test RDP connection to server public IPv6 works"""
               self._skipIf(not self.is_windows, "only valid for Windows servers")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               ipv6 = self._get_ipv6(server)
               sock = _get_tcp_connection(socket.AF_INET6, ipv6, 3389)
               # No actual RDP processing done. We assume the RDP server is there
               # if the connection to the RDP port is successful.
               sock.close()
           def test_016_personality_is_enforced(self):
               """Test file injection for personality enforcement"""
               self._skipIf(self.is_windows, "only implemented for Linux servers")
               self._skipIf(self.personality == None, "No personality file selected")
               log.info("Trying to inject file for personality enforcement")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid)
               for inj_file in self.personality:
                   equal_files = self._check_file_through_ssh(self._get_ipv4(server),
                                                              inj_file['owner'],
                                                              self.passwd,
                                                              inj_file['path'],
                                                              inj_file['contents'])
                   self.assertTrue(equal_files)
           def test_017_submit_delete_request(self):
               """Test submit request to delete server"""
               log.info("Deleting server")
               self.client.delete_server(self.serverid)
           def test_018_server_becomes_deleted(self):
               """Test server becomes DELETED"""
               log.info("Testing if server becomes DELETED")
               self._insist_on_status_transition("ACTIVE", "DELETED",
                                                self.action_timeout,
                                                self.action_timeout)
           def test_019_server_no_longer_in_server_list(self):
               """Test server is no longer in server list"""
               log.info("Test if server is no longer listed")
               servers = self.client.list_servers()
               self.assertNotIn(self.serverid, [s["id"] for s in servers])
       class NetworkTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
           """ Testing networking in cyclades """
           @classmethod
           def setUpClass(cls):
               "Initialize kamaki, get list of current networks"
               cls.client = CycladesClient(API, TOKEN)
               cls.compute = ComputeClient(API, TOKEN)
               cls.servername = "%s%s for %s" % (SNF_TEST_PREFIX,
                                                 TEST_RUN_ID,
                                                 cls.imagename)
               #Dictionary initialization for the vms credentials
               cls.serverid = dict()
               cls.username = dict()
               cls.password = dict()
           def _get_ipv4(self, server):
               """Get the public IPv4 of a server from the detailed server info"""
               public_addrs = filter(lambda x: x["id"] == "public",
                                     server["addresses"]["values"])
               self.assertEqual(len(public_addrs), 1)
               ipv4_addrs = filter(lambda x: x["version"] == 4,
                                   public_addrs[0]["values"])
               self.assertEqual(len(ipv4_addrs), 1)
               return ipv4_addrs[0]["addr"]
           def _connect_loginname(self, os):
               """Return the login name for connections based on the server OS"""
               if os in ("Ubuntu", "Kubuntu", "Fedora"):
                   return "user"
               elif os in ("windows", "windows_alpha1"):
                   return "Administrator"
               else:
                   return "root"
           def _ping_once(self, ip):
               """Test server responds to a single IPv4 or IPv6 ping"""
               cmd = "ping -c 2 -w 3 %s" % (ip)
               ping = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True,
                                       stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
               (stdout, stderr) = ping.communicate()
               ret = ping.wait()
               return (ret == 0)
           def test_00001a_submit_create_server_A(self):
               """Test submit create server request"""
               log.info("Creating test server A")
               serverA = self.client.create_server(self.servername, self.flavorid,
                                                   self.imageid, personality=None)
               self.assertEqual(serverA["name"], self.servername)
               self.assertEqual(serverA["flavorRef"], self.flavorid)
               self.assertEqual(serverA["imageRef"], self.imageid)
               self.assertEqual(serverA["status"], "BUILD")
               # Update class attributes to reflect data on building server
               self.serverid['A'] = serverA["id"]
               self.username['A'] = None
               self.password['A'] = serverA["adminPass"]
               log.info("Server A id:" + str(serverA["id"]))
               log.info("Server password " + (self.password['A']))
           def test_00001b_serverA_becomes_active(self):
               """Test server becomes ACTIVE"""
               log.info("Waiting until test server A becomes ACTIVE")
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               while True:
                   d = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['A'])
                   status = d['status']
                   if status == 'ACTIVE':
                       active = True
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertTrue(active)
           def test_00002a_submit_create_server_B(self):
               """Test submit create server request"""
               log.info("Creating test server B")
               serverB = self.client.create_server(self.servername, self.flavorid,
                                                   self.imageid, personality=None)
               self.assertEqual(serverB["name"], self.servername)
               self.assertEqual(serverB["flavorRef"], self.flavorid)
               self.assertEqual(serverB["imageRef"], self.imageid)
               self.assertEqual(serverB["status"], "BUILD")
               # Update class attributes to reflect data on building server
               self.serverid['B'] = serverB["id"]
               self.username['B'] = None
               self.password['B'] = serverB["adminPass"]
               log.info("Server B id: " + str(serverB["id"]))
               log.info("Password " + (self.password['B']))
           def test_00002b_serverB_becomes_active(self):
               """Test server becomes ACTIVE"""
               log.info("Waiting until test server B becomes ACTIVE")
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               while True:
                   d = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['B'])
                   status = d['status']
                   if status == 'ACTIVE':
                       active = True
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertTrue(active)
           def test_001_create_network(self):
               """Test submit create network request"""
               log.info("Submit new network request")
               name = SNF_TEST_PREFIX + TEST_RUN_ID
               previous_num = len(self.client.list_networks())
               network = self.client.create_network(name)
               #Test if right name is assigned
               self.assertEqual(network['name'], name)
               # Update class attributes
               cls = type(self)
               cls.networkid = network['id']
               networks = self.client.list_networks()
               #Test if new network is created
               self.assertTrue(len(networks) > previous_num)
           def test_002_connect_to_network(self):
               """Test connect VMs to network"""
               log.info("Connect VMs to private network")
               self.client.connect_server(self.serverid['A'], self.networkid)
               self.client.connect_server(self.serverid['B'], self.networkid)
               #Insist on connecting until action timeout
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               while True:
                   connected = (self.client.get_network_details(self.networkid))
                   connections = connected['servers']['values']
                   if (self.serverid['A'] in connections) \
                           and (self.serverid['B'] in connections):
                       conn_exists = True
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertTrue(conn_exists)
           def test_002a_reboot(self):
               """Rebooting server A"""
               log.info("Rebooting server A")
               self.client.shutdown_server(self.serverid['A'])
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               while True:
                   d = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['A'])
                   status = d['status']
                   if status == 'STOPPED':
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.client.start_server(self.serverid['A'])
               while True:
                   d = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['A'])
                   status = d['status']
                   if status == 'ACTIVE':
                       active = True
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertTrue(active)
           def test_002b_ping_server_A(self):
               "Test if server A is pingable"
               log.info("Testing if server A is pingable")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['A'])
               ip = self._get_ipv4(server)
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               s = False
               while True:
                   if self._ping_once(ip):
                       s = True
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertTrue(s)
           def test_002c_reboot(self):
               """Reboot server B"""
               log.info("Rebooting server B")
               self.client.shutdown_server(self.serverid['B'])
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               while True:
                   d = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['B'])
                   status = d['status']
                   if status == 'STOPPED':
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.client.start_server(self.serverid['B'])
               while True:
                   d = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['B'])
                   status = d['status']
                   if status == 'ACTIVE':
                       active = True
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertTrue(active)
           def test_002d_ping_server_B(self):
               """Test if server B is pingable"""
               log.info("Testing if server B is pingable")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['B'])
               ip = self._get_ipv4(server)
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               s = False
               while True:
                   if self._ping_once(ip):
                       s = True
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertTrue(s)
           def test_003a_setup_interface_A(self):
               """Set up eth1 for server A"""
               log.info("Setting up interface eth1 for server A")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['A'])
               image = self.client.get_image_details(self.imageid)
               os = image['metadata']['values']['os']
               users = image["metadata"]["values"].get("users", None)
               userlist = users.split()
               if "root" in userlist:
                   loginname = "root"
               elif users == None:
                   loginname = self._connect_loginname(os)
               else:
                   loginname = choice(userlist)
               hostip = self._get_ipv4(server)
               myPass = self.password['A']
               log.info("SSH in server A as %s/%s" % (loginname, myPass))
               res = False
               if loginname != "root":
                   with settings(
                       hide('warnings', 'running'),
                       warn_only=True,
                       host_string=hostip,
                       user=loginname, password=myPass
                       ):
                       if len(sudo('ifconfig eth1 192.168.0.12')) == 0:
                           res = True
               else:
                   with settings(
                       hide('warnings', 'running'),
                       warn_only=True,
                       host_string=hostip,
                       user=loginname, password=myPass
                       ):
                       if len(run('ifconfig eth1 192.168.0.12')) == 0:
                           res = True
               self.assertTrue(res)
           def test_003b_setup_interface_B(self):
               """Setup eth1 for server B"""
               log.info("Setting up interface eth1 for server B")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['B'])
               image = self.client.get_image_details(self.imageid)
               os = image['metadata']['values']['os']
               users = image["metadata"]["values"].get("users", None)
               userlist = users.split()
               if "root" in userlist:
                   loginname = "root"
               elif users == None:
                   loginname = self._connect_loginname(os)
               else:
                   loginname = choice(userlist)
               hostip = self._get_ipv4(server)
               myPass = self.password['B']
               log.info("SSH in server B as %s/%s" % (loginname, myPass))
               res = False
               if loginname != "root":
                   with settings(
                       hide('warnings', 'running'),
                       warn_only=True,
                       host_string=hostip,
                       user=loginname, password=myPass
                       ):
                       if len(sudo('ifconfig eth1 192.168.0.13')) == 0:
                           res = True
               else:
                   with settings(
                       hide('warnings', 'running'),
                       warn_only=True,
                       host_string=hostip,
                       user=loginname, password=myPass
                       ):
                       if len(run('ifconfig eth1 192.168.0.13')) == 0:
                           res = True
               self.assertTrue(res)
           def test_003c_test_connection_exists(self):
               """Ping server B from server A to test if connection exists"""
               log.info("Testing if server A is actually connected to server B")
               server = self.client.get_server_details(self.serverid['A'])
               image = self.client.get_image_details(self.imageid)
               os = image['metadata']['values']['os']
               hostip = self._get_ipv4(server)
               users = image["metadata"]["values"].get("users", None)
               userlist = users.split()
               if "root" in userlist:
                   loginname = "root"
               elif users == None:
                   loginname = self._connect_loginname(os)
               else:
                   loginname = choice(userlist)
               myPass = self.password['A']
               try:
                   ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
                   ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
                   ssh.connect(hostip, username=loginname, password=myPass)
               except socket.error:
                   raise AssertionError
               cmd = "if ping -c 2 -w 3 192.168.0.13 >/dev/null; \
                      then echo \'True\'; fi;"
               stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
               lines = stdout.readlines()
               exists = False
               if 'True\n' in lines:
                   exists = True
               self.assertTrue(exists)
       #TODO: Test IPv6 private connectity
           def test_004_disconnect_from_network(self):
               "Disconnecting server A and B from network"
               log.info("Disconnecting servers from private network")
               prev_state = self.client.get_network_details(self.networkid)
               prev_conn = len(prev_state['servers']['values'])
               self.client.disconnect_server(self.serverid['A'], self.networkid)
               self.client.disconnect_server(self.serverid['B'], self.networkid)
               #Insist on deleting until action timeout
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               while True:
                   connected = (self.client.get_network_details(self.networkid))
                   connections = connected['servers']['values']
                   if ((self.serverid['A'] not in connections) and
                       (self.serverid['B'] not in connections)):
                       conn_exists = False
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertFalse(conn_exists)
           def test_005_destroy_network(self):
               """Test submit delete network request"""
               log.info("Submitting delete network request")
               self.client.delete_network(self.networkid)
               networks = self.client.list_networks()
               curr_net = []
               for net in networks:
                   curr_net.append(net['id'])
               self.assertTrue(self.networkid not in curr_net)
           def test_006_cleanup_servers(self):
               """Cleanup servers created for this test"""
               log.info("Delete servers created for this test")
               self.compute.delete_server(self.serverid['A'])
               self.compute.delete_server(self.serverid['B'])
               fail_tmout = time.time() + self.action_timeout
               #Ensure server gets deleted
               status = dict()
               while True:
                   details = self.compute.get_server_details(self.serverid['A'])
                   status['A'] = details['status']
                   details = self.compute.get_server_details(self.serverid['B'])
                   status['B'] = details['status']
                   if (status['A'] == 'DELETED') and (status['B'] == 'DELETED'):
                       deleted = True
                       break
                   elif time.time() > fail_tmout:
                       self.assertLess(time.time(), fail_tmout)
                   else:
                       time.sleep(self.query_interval)
               self.assertTrue(deleted)
       class TestRunnerProcess(Process):
           """A distinct process used to execute part of the tests in parallel"""
           def __init__(self, **kw):
               Process.__init__(self, **kw)
               kwargs = kw["kwargs"]
               self.testq = kwargs["testq"]
               self.runner = kwargs["runner"]
           def run(self):
               # Make sure this test runner process dies with the parent
               # and is not left behind.
+              #
               # WARNING: This uses the prctl(2) call and is
               # Linux-specific.
               prctl.set_pdeathsig(signal.SIGHUP)
               while True:
                   log.debug("I am process %d, GETting from queue is %s",
                            os.getpid(), self.testq)
                   msg = self.testq.get()
                   log.debug("Dequeued msg: %s", msg)
                   if msg == "TEST_RUNNER_TERMINATE":
                       raise SystemExit
                   elif issubclass(msg, unittest.TestCase):
                       # Assemble a TestSuite, and run it
                       suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(msg)
                       self.runner.run(suite)
                   else:
                       raise Exception("Cannot handle msg: %s" % msg)
       def _run_cases_in_parallel(cases, fanout=1, runner=None):
           """Run instances of TestCase in parallel, in a number of distinct processes
           The cases iterable specifies the TestCases to be executed in parallel,
           by test runners running in distinct processes.
           The fanout parameter specifies the number of processes to spawn,
           and defaults to 1.
           The runner argument specifies the test runner class to use inside each
           runner process.
           """
           if runner is None:
               runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2, failfast=True)
           # testq: The master process enqueues TestCase objects into this queue,
           #        test runner processes pick them up for execution, in parallel.
           testq = Queue()
           runners = []
           for i in xrange(0, fanout):
               kwargs = dict(testq=testq, runner=runner)
               runners.append(TestRunnerProcess(kwargs=kwargs))
           log.info("Spawning %d test runner processes", len(runners))
           for p in runners:
               p.start()
           log.debug("Spawned %d test runners, PIDs are %s",
                     len(runners), [p.pid for p in runners])
           # Enqueue test cases
           map(testq.put, cases)
           map(testq.put, ["TEST_RUNNER_TERMINATE"] * len(runners))
           log.debug("Joining %d processes", len(runners))
           for p in runners:
               p.join()
           log.debug("Done joining %d processes", len(runners))
       def _spawn_server_test_case(**kwargs):
           """Construct a new unit test case class from SpawnServerTestCase"""
           name = "SpawnServerTestCase_%s" % kwargs["imageid"]
           cls = type(name, (SpawnServerTestCase,), kwargs)
           # Patch extra parameters into test names by manipulating method docstrings
           for (mname, m) in \
               inspect.getmembers(cls, lambda x: inspect.ismethod(x)):
               if hasattr(m, __doc__):
                   m.__func__.__doc__ = "[%s] %s" % (imagename, m.__doc__)
           # Make sure the class can be pickled, by listing it among
           # the attributes of __main__. A PicklingError is raised otherwise.
           setattr(__main__, name, cls)
           return cls
       def _spawn_network_test_case(**kwargs):
           """Construct a new unit test case class from NetworkTestCase"""
           name = "NetworkTestCase" + TEST_RUN_ID
           cls = type(name, (NetworkTestCase,), kwargs)
           # Make sure the class can be pickled, by listing it among
           # the attributes of __main__. A PicklingError is raised otherwise.
           setattr(__main__, name, cls)
           return cls
       def cleanup_servers(delete_stale=False):
           c = ComputeClient(API, TOKEN)
           servers = c.list_servers()
           stale = [s for s in servers if s["name"].startswith(SNF_TEST_PREFIX)]
           if len(stale) == 0:
               return
           print >> sys.stderr, "Found these stale servers from previous runs:"
           print "    " + \
                 "\n    ".join(["%d: %s" % (s["id"], s["name"]) for s in stale])
           if delete_stale:
               print >> sys.stderr, "Deleting %d stale servers:" % len(stale)
               for server in stale:
                   c.delete_server(server["id"])
               print >> sys.stderr, "    ...done"
           else:
               print >> sys.stderr, "Use --delete-stale to delete them."
       def cleanup_networks(delete_stale=False):
           c = CycladesClient(API, TOKEN)
           networks = c.list_networks()
           stale = [n for n in networks if n["name"].startswith(SNF_TEST_PREFIX)]
           if len(stale) == 0:
               return
           print >> sys.stderr, "Found these stale networks from previous runs:"
           print "    " + \
                 "\n    ".join(["%s: %s" % (str(n["id"]), n["name"]) for n in stale])
           if delete_stale:
               print >> sys.stderr, "Deleting %d stale networks:" % len(stale)
               for network in stale:
                   c.delete_network(network["id"])
               print >> sys.stderr, "    ...done"
           else:
               print >> sys.stderr, "Use --delete-stale to delete them."
       def parse_arguments(args):
           from optparse import OptionParser
           kw = {}
           kw["usage"] = "%prog [options]"
           kw["description"] = \
               "%prog runs a number of test scenarios on a " \
               "Synnefo deployment."
           parser = OptionParser(**kw)
           parser.disable_interspersed_args()
           parser.add_option("--api",
                             action="store", type="string", dest="api",
                             help="The API URI to use to reach the Synnefo API",
                             default=DEFAULT_API)
           parser.add_option("--token",
                             action="store", type="string", dest="token",
                             help="The token to use for authentication to the API")
           parser.add_option("--nofailfast",
                             action="store_true", dest="nofailfast",
                             help="Do not fail immediately if one of the tests " \
                                  "fails (EXPERIMENTAL)",
                             default=False)
           parser.add_option("--action-timeout",
                             action="store", type="int", dest="action_timeout",
                             metavar="TIMEOUT",
                             help="Wait SECONDS seconds for a server action to " \
                                  "complete, then the test is considered failed",
                             default=100)
           parser.add_option("--build-warning",
                             action="store", type="int", dest="build_warning",
                             metavar="TIMEOUT",
                             help="Warn if TIMEOUT seconds have passed and a " \
                                  "build operation is still pending",
                             default=600)
           parser.add_option("--build-fail",
                             action="store", type="int", dest="build_fail",
                             metavar="BUILD_TIMEOUT",
                             help="Fail the test if TIMEOUT seconds have passed " \
                                  "and a build operation is still incomplete",
                             default=900)
           parser.add_option("--query-interval",
                             action="store", type="int", dest="query_interval",
                             metavar="INTERVAL",
                             help="Query server status when requests are pending " \
                                  "every INTERVAL seconds",
                             default=3)
           parser.add_option("--fanout",
                             action="store", type="int", dest="fanout",
                             metavar="COUNT",
                             help="Spawn up to COUNT child processes to execute " \
                                  "in parallel, essentially have up to COUNT " \
                                  "server build requests outstanding (EXPERIMENTAL)",
                             default=1)
           parser.add_option("--force-flavor",
                             action="store", type="int", dest="force_flavorid",
                             metavar="FLAVOR ID",
                             help="Force all server creations to use the specified "\
                                  "FLAVOR ID instead of a randomly chosen one, " \
                                  "useful if disk space is scarce",
                             default=None)
           parser.add_option("--image-id",
                             action="store", type="string", dest="force_imageid",
                             metavar="IMAGE ID",
                             help="Test the specified image id, use 'all' to test " \
                                  "all available images (mandatory argument)",
                             default=None)
           parser.add_option("--show-stale",
                             action="store_true", dest="show_stale",
                             help="Show stale servers from previous runs, whose "\
                                  "name starts with `%s'" % SNF_TEST_PREFIX,
                             default=False)
           parser.add_option("--delete-stale",
                             action="store_true", dest="delete_stale",
                             help="Delete stale servers from previous runs, whose "\
                                  "name starts with `%s'" % SNF_TEST_PREFIX,
                             default=False)
           parser.add_option("--force-personality",
                             action="store", type="string", dest="personality_path",
                             help="Force a personality file injection.\
                                   File path required. ",
                             default=None)
           parser.add_option("--log-folder",
                             action="store", type="string", dest="log_folder",
                             help="Define the absolute path where the output \
                                   log is stored. ",
                             default="/var/log/burnin/")
           # FIXME: Change the default for build-fanout to 10
           # FIXME: Allow the user to specify a specific set of Images to test
           (opts, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
           # Verify arguments
           if opts.delete_stale:
               opts.show_stale = True
           if not opts.show_stale:
               if not opts.force_imageid:
                   print >>sys.stderr, "The --image-id argument is mandatory."
                   parser.print_help()
                   sys.exit(1)
               if opts.force_imageid != 'all':
                   try:
                       opts.force_imageid = str(opts.force_imageid)
                   except ValueError:
                       print >>sys.stderr, "Invalid value specified for --image-id." \
                                           "Use a valid id, or `all'."
                       sys.exit(1)
           return (opts, args)
       def main():
           """Assemble test cases into a test suite, and run it
           IMPORTANT: Tests have dependencies and have to be run in the specified
           order inside a single test case. They communicate through attributes of the
           corresponding TestCase class (shared fixtures). Distinct subclasses of
           TestCase MAY SHARE NO DATA, since they are run in parallel, in distinct
           test runner processes.
           """
           (opts, args) = parse_arguments(sys.argv[1:])
           global API, TOKEN
           API = opts.api
           TOKEN = opts.token
           # Cleanup stale servers from previous runs
           if opts.show_stale:
               cleanup_servers(delete_stale=opts.delete_stale)
               cleanup_networks(delete_stale=opts.delete_stale)
               return 0
           # Initialize a kamaki instance, get flavors, images
           c = ComputeClient(API, TOKEN)
           DIMAGES = c.list_images(detail=True)
           DFLAVORS = c.list_flavors(detail=True)
           # FIXME: logging, log, LOG PID, TEST_RUN_ID, arguments
           # Run them: FIXME: In parallel, FAILEARLY, catchbreak?
           #unittest.main(verbosity=2, catchbreak=True)
           if opts.force_imageid == 'all':
               test_images = DIMAGES
           else:
               test_images = filter(lambda x: x["id"] == opts.force_imageid, DIMAGES)
           #New folder for log per image
           if not os.path.exists(opts.log_folder):
               os.mkdir(opts.log_folder)
           test_folder = os.path.join(opts.log_folder, TEST_RUN_ID)
           os.mkdir(test_folder)
           for image in test_images:
               imageid = str(image["id"])
               if opts.force_flavorid:
                   flavorid = opts.force_flavorid
               else:
                   flavorid = choice([f["id"] for f in DFLAVORS if f["disk"] >= 20])
               imagename = image["name"]
               #Personality dictionary for file injection test
               if opts.personality_path != None:
                   f = open(opts.personality_path)
                   content = b64encode(f.read())
                   personality = []
                   st = os.stat(opts.personality_path)
                   personality.append({
                           'path': '/root/test_inj_file',
                           'owner': 'root',
                           'group': 'root',
                           'mode': 0x7777 & st.st_mode,
                           'contents': content
                           })
               else:
                   personality = None
               servername = "%s%s for %s" % (SNF_TEST_PREFIX, TEST_RUN_ID, imagename)
               is_windows = imagename.lower().find("windows") >= 0
               ServerTestCase = _spawn_server_test_case(
                   imageid=imageid,
                   flavorid=flavorid,
                   imagename=imagename,
                   personality=personality,
                   servername=servername,
                   is_windows=is_windows,
                   action_timeout=opts.action_timeout,
                   build_warning=opts.build_warning,
                   build_fail=opts.build_fail,
                   query_interval=opts.query_interval,
+                  )
               NetworkTestCase = _spawn_network_test_case(
                   action_timeout=opts.action_timeout,
                   imageid=imageid,
                   flavorid=flavorid,
                   imagename=imagename,
                   query_interval=opts.query_interval,
+                  )
               seq_cases = [UnauthorizedTestCase, ImagesTestCase, FlavorsTestCase,
                            ServersTestCase, ServerTestCase, NetworkTestCase]
               #folder for each image
               image_folder = os.path.join(test_folder, imageid)
               os.mkdir(image_folder)
               for case in seq_cases:
                   log_file = os.path.join(image_folder, 'details_' +
                                           (case.__name__) + "_" +
                                           TEST_RUN_ID + '.log')
                   fail_file = os.path.join(image_folder, 'failed_' +
                                            (case.__name__) + "_" +
                                            TEST_RUN_ID + '.log')
                   error_file = os.path.join(image_folder, 'error_' +
                                             (case.__name__) + "_" +
                                             TEST_RUN_ID + '.log')
                   f = open(log_file, "w")
                   fail = open(fail_file, "w")
                   error = open(error_file, "w")
                   suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(case)
                   runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(f, verbosity=2, failfast=True)
                   result = runner.run(suite)
                   for res in result.errors:
                       error.write(str(res[0]) + '\n')
                       error.write(str(res[0].shortDescription()) + '\n')
                       error.write('\n')
                   for res in result.failures:
                       fail.write(str(res[0]) + '\n')
                       fail.write(str(res[0].shortDescription()) + '\n')
                       fail.write('\n')
       if __name__ == "__main__":
           sys.exit(main())